to the productivity of Taiwanese guava tree 44
Table 4.14. Effect of DH organic fertilizer on indicators
Fruit quality of Taiwanese guava tree 45
Table 4.15. Effect of DH fertilizer on guava quality 46
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LIST OF IMAGES
Figure 3.1. Organic fertilizer DH 24
Figure 3.2. Experimental layout diagram. 25
Figure 4.1. The effect of DH organic fertilizer on the growth of Taiwanese guava trees 28
Figure 4.2. The effect of DH organic fertilizer on the growth of grapefruit trees. 30 Figure 4.3. The effect of DH organic fertilizer on the growth of oranges. 32
Figure 4.4. Chart of the effect of organic fertilizer DHliễu on the growth and development of guava shoots 34
Figure 4.5. Chart of the effect of organic fertilizer DHliễu on the growth and development of grapefruit buds 35
Figure 4.6. Chart of the effect of organic fertilizer DHliễu on the growth and development of Vinh orange 37
1.1. Problem statement
PART 1 INTRODUCTION
General studies on fruit tree development in the world confirm: Fruit tree production generally tends to increase and is increasingly focused on in the agricultural structure in many countries. The important role of fruit trees is increasingly affirmed in the production of agricultural products, creating income for people.
Guava ( Pisidium guajava L.) is a very familiar fruit tree to Vietnamese people. Guava is favored by many people because it not only has high economic value, but also has very good nutritional value. According to Vu Cong Hau (1996), the nutritional composition of guava contains up to 50 calories/100g, higher than watermelon, papaya; protein content is 0.7 - 1.9 g/100g; lipid 0.26 - 0.6 g/100g; vitamin C is 5, 6 times more than orange, in addition there are vitamins B1, B3, vitamin A, mineral salts, Fe, K, P, S, Ca ... (Vu Cong Hau, 1996) [1]. In addition to being eaten fresh, guava is also processed into many valuable products such as juice, guava jam, candy... In particular, guava is very effective in treating cardiovascular and intestinal diseases as well as having anti-cancer effects.
Grapefruit ( Citrus grandish ) is a fruit tree of many countries in the world and is produced in large quantities. In our country, grapefruit is also considered a key fruit tree to develop a commodity economy, because in addition to nutritional and economic values, grapefruit trees also have other outstanding characteristics such as: easy to preserve, less damaged during transportation, easy to cultivate, especially grapefruit trees have good resistance to Greening disease, which is one of the most dangerous pests for the existence and development of many citrus fruit trees.
Vinh orange is a variety with wide adaptability and good disease resistance. The tree grows well, branches evenly, is balanced, and has a high ability to flower and bear fruit.
The fruit is easy to preserve and can be kept on the tree for a long time, the composition and quality of the juice are excellent. The fruit is medium-sized (190.0 - 250.0 gr/fruit), can be kept on the tree for a long time without losing quality, the fruit peel is thin, beautiful yellow with an average thickness of 3.0mm, the fruit is bright yellow, the average number of segments per fruit is 11, high water content, low fiber ratio, aromatic quality, rich sweetness, few seeds, disease resistance (ulcer, gummosis, black fungus at the base, dry branches) is better than the existing varieties in the country.
The mountainous region of Northern Vietnam is one of the regions with a long tradition in citrus fruit production. However, the intensive cultivation of citrus fruit (oranges, tangerines) here is still small-scale, spontaneous and ineffective. To improve the productivity and quality of crops, the soil needs to be regularly supplemented with adequate fertilizers and nutrients. However, the current use of fertilizers by people is still arbitrary, not paying attention to balanced fertilization.
Despite the expanding consumer market, fruit trees have not yet escaped the common limitations of the fruit tree production industry such as: fragmented production, uneven quality and quality, and not many quality products. In addition, research on intensive guava cultivation techniques is not systematic. There are not many intensive cultivation techniques and no process has become an official technical process to recommend production. People mainly produce based on experience.
Therefore, in order for the Guava, Dien Pomelo, Vinh Orange varieties to have high yield and good quality, in addition to the quality of the variety, attention should also be paid to fertilization measures based on intuition and experience, which are mainly wasteful and not very effective. Therefore, in order to help people have a reasonable fertilization formula, save costs, improve productivity and quality, I conducted a research on the topic : " Evaluating the impact of fertilizer amount (DH) on growth, yield and quality of some fruit trees at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry".
1.2. Research objectives
Evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer (DH) on growth, yield and quality of Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit and Vinh orange varieties.
1.3. Topic requirements
- Monitor the growth stages, yield and quality of fruit tree varieties such as Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit, Vinh orange through different levels of fertilization.
- Evaluate growth status and factors that contribute to productivity and quality, thereby determining the most suitable fertilizer content and applying it to production.
1.4. Significance of the topic
1.4.1. Scientific significance
- The research results of the topic will provide scientific data, as a basis for research, development of intensive technical measures, use of appropriate organic fertilizers for fruit tree varieties, especially Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit, Vinh orange in Thai Nguyen area.
- The research results of the topic supplement documents for students' scientific research work, serve as reference documents for teaching about 3 varieties of Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit, Vinh orange at the School.
1.4.2.Practical significance
The conclusion of the topic is an important basis for selecting the appropriate organic fertilizer content (DH), contributing to the development of technical cultivation processes for Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit, Vinh orange varieties to help improve productivity, quality and save production costs for people.
PART 2
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
2.1. Scientific basis
In recent years, the fruit processing and import-export industry has developed strongly, it has become a key industry of many countries including Vietnam. The hill gardening economic movement is being focused on and increasingly developing, especially guava trees with acreage, productivity, and output increasing continuously in recent times.
There are many factors that determine crop yield such as varieties, land, care, pruning... in which fertilizer is also an important factor, it has a strong impact on the area as well as the income of farmers. Each region has different ecological, land, and socio-economic conditions, so how to fertilize guava to bring high economic efficiency is something that scientists and farmers are very interested in. In order for varieties to have high yield, good quality, and the ability to withstand adverse external conditions, a reasonable fertilization process is needed.
Therefore, studying the effects of fertilizer on growth, development and productivity of Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit and Vinh orange varieties is an important basis for developing a standard fertilization process for fruit trees in Thai Nguyen province.
2.2. Origin and classification of Taiwanese guava, Dien grapefruit, Vinh orange
The guava tree has the scientific name Psidium guajava . According to Morton, J. 1987 (Brazilian Guava), most cultivated guava varieties are quite widely distributed, the species P.
guineense is found from northern Argentina and Peru to southern Mexico. In Argatala, India, guava grows abundantly and is considered a wild species (Morton, J. 1987) [10].
According to author Vu Cong Hau (1990), guava is a tropical fruit tree originating in the Americas and is mainly concentrated in Brazil or Antilles Island (Vu Cong Hau, 1990) [2].
The guava tree has now adapted and is widely grown in all hot countries. Moreover, it is a semi-wild tree, in some places it is a weed that needs to be destroyed. Not only tropical countries but also subtropical regions such as countries around the Mediterranean Sea, the South of France, Florida, California in the US are all quite commonly grown.
Grapefruit: Citrus maxima (Merr., Burm. f.), or Citrus grandis L., is a citrus fruit, usually light green to yellow when ripe, with thick, spongy segments, sweet or sweet and sour taste depending on the variety. Grapefruit has many sizes depending on the variety, for example, Doan Hung grapefruit is only about 15 cm in diameter, while Nam Roi grapefruit, Tan Trieu grapefruit (Bien Hoa), green-skin grapefruit (Ben Tre) and many other grapefruit varieties commonly found in Vietnam and Thailand have diameters of about 18–20 cm.
Orange: Citrus sinensis is a fruit tree in the same family as grapefruit. It has a smaller fruit than grapefruit, thin skin, when ripe it is usually orange, sweet or slightly sour. The orange is a hybrid that has been cultivated since ancient times, possibly a cross between grapefruit ( Citrus maxima ) and mandarin ( Citrus reticulata ). This is a small tree, up to about 10 m tall, with thorny branches and evergreen leaves about 4-10 cm long. Oranges originate from Southeast Asia, possibly from India, Vietnam or southern China.
2.2.2. Classification
- Guava tree ( Psidium guajava L.) kingdom (regnum): Plantae ; order (ordo):
Myrtales ; family Myrtaceae; genus : Psidium ; species: P.guajava Other names: Pomegranate (medicine), Psidium fruit (medicine)
Scientific name: Psidium guajava L.
Synonyms : Psidum guajava var pyriferum L.
Guava (Psidium guajava) also known as Common guava or Apple guava is a species of tree with the best quality fruit in the Guava genus, originating in Central America and neighboring regions (Mexico, Caribbean Gulf, Central and South America).
In Vietnam, the common guava tree (Psidium guajava ) has been imported for planting for a long time and it is grown throughout the country from coastal plains to mountainous areas with an altitude of about 1500 m or less.
Nowadays, in addition to the normal guava variety, in Vietnam, new guava varieties are also grown such as Xá lị guava imported from China and seedless guava that has recently become popular thanks to modern breeding technology.
Grapefruit tree.
Scientific name: citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Family: Rutaceae
Synonyms: citrus aurantium L. var. grandis L.
Citrusgrandis (L.) osbeck, Citrus decumana L.
- Orange Tree
Scientific name: Citrus noboilis, citrus cenecis
Family: Rutaceae
2.2.3. Nutritional value and uses of guava, grapefruit, and orange trees
a-Guava, grapefruit, oranges are processed into food, tea and soft drinks.
-In Mexico, fruit drinks (agua Fresca) are very popular and famous, drinks made from guava, orange, grapefruit are exported to the US, Canada and Western Europe. In addition to bottled or canned drinks, Mexico also produces hot or cold sauces, handmade candies, dry snacks, alcoholic drinks made from guava, orange and grapefruit are very popular in fruit bars throughout the country.
-The tea made from the leaves of the tree with the juice of ripe guava is called “Guava Tea” and the jelly made from guava juice is popular in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Guava jelly is used as a filling for bread slices for breakfast and