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European Plan (Ep=European Plan): Is the price that only includes the bedroom, without meals.


1.2.2 On the hotel side:

- Know the number of guests at a specific time in the future

- Visualize future workload to arrange personnel, assign work and organize department activities effectively.

- Offer room rates suitable for each time (busy or quiet)

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- Plan to welcome and serve guests thoughtfully (serve cool drinks, welcome drinks, give flowers, place congratulatory letters...)

- Proactively welcome guests and ensure rooms are available for guests on the day of their arrival.

European Plan (Ep=European Plan): Is the price that only includes the bedroom, without meals.

- Maximize room capacity and room revenue.

- Establish effective business and marketing policies without spending much time and money

- Timely addition of services

- Satisfy customer needs

- Room occupancy forecast

Total rooms sold

Room occupancy = x 100%

Total rooms available

In there :

- Total rooms sold: Number of rooms sold.

- Total rooms available: Total number of rooms available for rent.

2. Types of chambers

2.1 Room classes

2.1.1. Room classification criteria:

- Location, architecture and room area

- Spatial position compared to the outside landscape

- Additional services in room

- Comfortable equipment in the room

2.1.2. Purpose of room classification:

- Helps sales staff distinguish the difference in rooms and additional services between room classes when receiving room booking requests.


- Helps sales staff advise guests on choosing the right room type and increases hotel profits by encouraging guests to use rooms with higher prices than the room type they originally intended to book.

2.1.3. Room categories:

* Standard chamber (STD: Standard):

- Has basic facilities corresponding to the hotel's class

- The room area is usually the smallest of all room classes and has the minimum price of that hotel class.

- Unfavorable location, little beautiful scenery outside and close to public areas such as: elevator, canteen, etc.

* Superior cabin (SUP):

- More comfortable facilities, additional services provided in the room

- Has a pretty nice view

* Deluxe room (DLX):

- Fully equipped, modern; more luxurious furniture.

- There are some differences such as: larger bathtub, placing more gifts such as: flower baskets, fruits, chocolates, light wine or having facilities for business guests

- Located in places with beautiful views

* Special Room / Suite Room (Ste):

- Fully furnished with high-end amenities, including two or more rooms, usually with a bedroom and a guest area

- Usually for luxury guests and located on high floors

- Divided into many types such as: luxury Suite room, first class Suite room, special Suite room

* Presidential Suite:

- Occupying a very small proportion, hotels usually only have 1-2 rooms reserved for VIP guests such as state officials, heads of state, high-ranking foreign officials, etc.

- The naming of a special chamber is a unique feature of this type of chamber compared to other types of chambers.

- Guests staying in this room are served breakfast in their room or in the lobby on the VIP floor.

- The room facilities are of the most modern type, in addition there is a wine cabinet, fresh flowers, free fruit in the room.


2.2 Types of chambers

2.2.1. Single room (SGL):

- Room area is 9 m2, of which bathroom area is 4 m2

- Equipment for 1 guest

2.2.2. Double room (DBL):

- Room area is 18 m2, of which bathroom area is 4 m2

- Facilities for 2 guests

2.2.3. Double-double room:

- A room for 4 people to sleep, called a quad room or family room

- Facilities for 4 guests

2.2.4. Twin room (TWN: Twin room):

- Room area is 18 m2, of which bathroom area is 4 m2

- Facilities for 2 guests

2.2.5. Triple room (TPL):

- Total area (bedroom + bathroom) is 28 m2

- Equipment is the same as double room but some additional items are needed for 3 guests.

2.2.6. Suite Room (Ste):

- Minimum total area (one bedroom + one living room) is 30 m2

2.2.7. Apartment:

- Minimum total area is 42m2

- There is a living room, bedroom, bathroom, small kitchen with full equipment for family activities.

- Serves family travelers and is often located on the upper floors of the hotel.

2.3 Types of beds

2.3.1. King-size bed:

- Is a bed for one or two people, with average size: 1.8m x 2.2m

2.3.2. Queen-size bed (Q):

- A bed for one or two people, with an average size: 1.8m x 2.0m

2.3.3. Single bed (S: Single bed):

- Is a bed for one person, with average size: 1.0m x 1.9m


2.3.4. Double bed (D: Double bed):

- Is a bed for one or two people, with an average size: 1.35m x 1.9m

2.3.5. Extra bed:

- An extra bed (usually a single bed) placed in a guest room when requested by the guest and the guest must pay an extra fee.

2.3.6. Baby cot:

- Is it a bed for children or a crib?

- Free for guests staying at the hotel

3. Room rate types

3.1 Accommodation rates

3.1.1 European Plan Room Rate (EP=European Plan): This rate only includes a bedroom, without meals.

3.1.2. Continental room rate (CP=Continental Plan): Is the rate that includes a bedroom and one breakfast.

3.1.3. Modified American Plan / Half Board: Is a rate that includes a bedroom and two meals a day: breakfast and lunch or breakfast and dinner - also known as “half board”

3.1.4. American Plan/Full Board Room Rate (AP=American Plan/Full Board): This rate includes a bedroom and 3 main meals a day (all inclusive).

3.2 Specific room rates (44)

3.2.1. "Standard" price Published price (Rack rate):

- The highest room rates are printed in brochures offered to customers or for advertising.

- This price includes VAT + service charge

- Price is determined by the board of directors.

- This price is applied seasonally (peak and low season)

- During peak season, when room occupancy rates are at their highest, the hotel will apply this published price to sell to guests.


3.2.2. Corporate rate:

- Special price for business customers.

- The price has been agreed directly between the hotel management and the travel office of the affiliated company.

- The hotel agrees to provide this person with a luxury room but only charges the standard room rate.

3.2.3. Group / Tour rate:

- Special rates for groups or tour groups.

- This price is agreed upon in advance by the hotel manager and tour operator or booking agent.

- Hotel management decides the price based on the number of rooms booked, time (when there are many or few guests, etc.)

- Price lower than published price

Hotels usually pay the travel agent who booked the room a certain commission rate.

3.2.4. Discounted rate:

- In addition to discounts for travel agencies and airline employees, hotels also offer special rates or incentive rates to boost business.

* For example, hotels may offer “two for one” rates; “stay 3 nights, pay for 2” or “rent 4 rooms, get one free”

- Unscheduled rates are used to increase room occupancy during low periods such as weekends. These rates are usually only available for a short period of time and often include breakfast.

3.2.5. Seasonal rate:

- This price allows for a package that includes room rates, meals and seasonal entertainment during major holidays, such as Tet or in the cold winter.

3.2.6. Children's rate:

- Child rates are usually applied to the room rates of both parents.

- Children over 12 years old must pay the price of an extra bed. Children under that age are considered free when sharing a room with their parents.

- The purpose of this pricing policy is to encourage the whole family to travel and stay at the hotel.


3.2.7. Day-use rate:

- The hotel charges half price for guests who need to rent a room for less than a full day. For example: from 12 noon to 6 pm

3.3 Taxes and service charges

3.3.1. Explanation of how to write room rates:

- The prices listed may be net, meaning that government taxes (value added tax -VAT) and service charges are included in the room rate.

- Prices marked “++” mean that tax (10%) and service charge (5%) will be added to the room rate.

3.3.2. How to calculate room rate “++”:

- Service fee = Room rate x 5%

- VAT = (Room price + Service charge) x 10%

- Room rate to be paid by guest = Room rate + VAT + Service charge

4. Room booking sources

4.1. Individual guests

- Usually, guests call, send letters, or emails to the hotel directly to request a room reservation.

4.2. Tour groups

- Usually a certain number of guests

- These reservations are usually formal contracts and occupy a certain number of bedrooms per week at the hotel.

- This type of contract is usually signed in advance for the whole year.

4.3. Tour operator / Travel agents:

- Usually book rooms for guests traveling in groups (GIT-Group Inclusive Tour)

- Also book rooms for FIT-Free Independent Traveler, especially for foreign guests.

4.4. Corporate business:

- Usually contracts, agreements with a special price for a certain number of rooms per night, per week

- Popular with companies that regularly need a certain number of rooms at a hotel.


4.5. Property to property reservations: (47)

- Usually between hotels within the same group

- Applicable for guests who need to book a room for their next trip at another hotel in the group from the hotel they are staying at.

4.6. Societies/Special activity groups/Conference organizers:

- Usually group bookings with special requests (e.g. meeting room booking with bedroom request)

- This type of contract is usually signed at least a year or more in advance for large conferences (more than 1000 delegates)

4.7. Airlines:

- Often sign a special contract with the hotel to provide accommodation for the crew between flights

- This type of contract includes a certain number of rooms per night/per week and is often significantly discounted.

4.8. Central Booking Office/ Central Reservation Office:

- Handle reservations for all hotels in the chain/group

- Reservation requests are made directly to the designated reservation phone number at many locations for local call charges only, or toll-free numbers as the hotel company will pay for the customer call.

4. 9. Global Distribution System (GDS):

- Owned by airlines, starting with ticketing departments

- Hotels must register with the system and upload vacant rooms into the computer system so that customers can purchase the number of rooms they require.

4.10 Global Distribution System (GDS):

Active brands of the global distribution system: Gallileo, Sabre, Apollo, Amadeus, Worldspan, System One.

4.11 Internet / Website Network:


- Allows customers to check hotel availability along with rates and make online reservations by visiting the hotel website.

- Through their websites, travel agents often provide a list of hotels for free or introduce discounts for hotels. When customers visit that website to book a room, the hotel must provide a commission to these travel agents.

4.12 Hotel Reservations Agencies:

- Has a similar role to a reservation center but represents small hotels or small hotel groups (e.g. Utell- www.utell.com)

4.13 Tourist Offices:

- Often book rooms for visitors to certain tourist attractions (cities or resorts)

- Of particular value to small, independent hotels

5. Methods of receiving room reservation requests

5.1 In person:

- Receive room reservation requests face-to-face (at the reception desk)

- Information exchange has agreement and interaction

- This form of room booking is popular with transient and single guests.

- Requires receptionists to have good communication skills create a good impression on guests guests agree to book a room

5.2 By telephone:

- Receive room reservation requests by phone (usually by a secondary reservationist)

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- Information exchange has agreement and interaction

- Reservation/reception staff are required to have effective telephone communication skills.

result create a good impression on the guest guest agrees to book a room

5.3 In writing:

5.3.1 By letter:

- This is a very popular form of room booking with tourist groups, group travelers and conference guests.

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