Economic Facilities Serving Tourism Business and Infrastructure of Tourist Sites and Areas

attract research of tourist groups who want to learn about the socio-political structure of a country or locality

The tradition of fighting against foreign invaders, the places where the victory against the enemy was recorded, where the battle lines were set up to welcome the enemy, the heroic battles took place in the development, building and defending the country of the Vietnamese people, the victories of our army and people under the dynasties of the feudal state from the Hong Bang dynasty to the present day. These are also tourist destinations for military men, veterans, and the next generations of veterans to find the ancient traces of them and their ancestors. Some special events in the spiritual and cultural life such as: Organizing regional and international football tournaments, sports competitions, music, fairs ... often attract a large number of visitors.

1.2.2. Economic facilities serving tourism business and infrastructure of tourist sites and areas

Economic infrastructure serving tourism business includes all houses and technical means to help satisfy the needs of tourists such as: accommodation facilities, restaurants, hotels, means of transportation, entertainment areas ... In addition, economic infrastructure serving tourism business also includes all works that tourism organizations build with their own investment capital such as cinemas, sports stadiums ... Economic infrastructure serving business plays a very important role in the process of producing and consuming tourism products. Maximizing and effectively promoting the national tourism resources of the locality, meeting the needs of tourists to what extent all depend on economic infrastructure serving tourism business because when tourists come to enjoy tourism products, they must first have a place to stay, eat, drink and rest.

Infrastructure includes economic and social infrastructure which are not only built by tourism business organizations but also invested and built by the entire economy of a country to meet the needs of life, activities, production and consumption of the whole society. These are the road system, airport, port, park, national health and education system, entertainment areas for the whole population, commercial network of residential areas, telecommunications system, water supply and drainage system... In any country in the world today, economic and social infrastructure plays a very important role because it is the indispensable lever and fulcrum to promote all activities of a country. For tourism business activities, economic and social infrastructure are important service factors to exploit all tourism potentials to produce products that increasingly satisfy tourists. An important part of the economic infrastructure that most effectively serves tourism business activities is the transportation system. The quantity and quality of the socio-economic infrastructure are important conditions to satisfy the needs of tourists and improve economic efficiency in tourism business activities. On the other hand, effective development of tourism economy is the basis for creating material resources that directly contribute to the completion and construction of new infrastructure for other economic sectors of a country.

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1.2.3. Economic conditions

This is an important factor that has a great influence on the investment process, existence and development of the tourism economy. Originating from the close relationship between the tourism economy and other economic sectors in the entire national economy. According to the opinion of economic experts of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), a country can develop a solid tourism economy if it can produce and distribute most of the material goods needed for tourism. When they have to accept the majority of equipment and goods to build infrastructure

Technical material and to ensure service for tourists, most of the profits from tourism will fall into the hands of foreign capital. Countries with developed economies, with conditions to produce many material goods of international quality standards will have favorable conditions to develop tourism economy. The clear manifestation of the economic development process is social production. The development of social production is of the most decisive importance because it creates the need for tourism and turns the need for tourism into reality. The classics have pointed out that the appearance and expansion of human needs in general, the need for tourism in particular, is the result of the development of social production. The more social production develops, the greater the people's need for consuming products in general, including tourism products, and the higher the satisfaction of that need. Current reality shows that in countries with slow economic development and low GDP per capita, tourism demand is limited and vice versa.

In the economic sectors, the development of agriculture and food industry plays an equally important role in tourism business activities. Agriculture provides the tourism industry with a large amount of food. Industries play a very important role such as processing agricultural, forestry, aquatic products, sugar, meat, milk, canned food, beer processing and production... light industry plays an important role in providing materials for tourism such as textile industry, glassware, porcelain, pottery, handicrafts...

The achievements of the scientific and technological revolution are direct factors contributing to the emergence of tourism needs and activities. Science and technology have fundamentally changed human production activities, manual labor is increasingly liberated, intellectual labor increases, and an objective need to recover strength after stressful working days appears.

through the path of rest and tourism. Thanks to the application of scientific and technological achievements in production, human labor productivity is constantly increasing, the income of each worker increases, and spiritual and material life is constantly improved. That is the premise to increase the ability of people to participate in tourism activities and create a more solid development for the tourism economy. At the same time, scientific and technological achievements applied to the process of tourism economic development will be favorable conditions to create unique and novel tourism products, the value of goods in the products increases more when circulating on the market.

1.2.4 Population and labor factors

Population is the source of creating human resources for society, is both the force directly participating in deciding the development of tourism economy, and is also the force directly consuming tourism products. V. Lenin said: "the movement of farmers to cities has drawn them into the whirlwind of modern social life, raising their level of awareness and making them familiar with cultural habits and needs" [43, p.711]. The population of a country increases, the labor force increases, shifting the number of laborers between sectors in the national economy, creating a new population density that will lead to an increase in tourism activities. Therefore, understanding the population, population characteristics and labor is very important for the development of tourism economy. Supply and demand of tourism depends largely on socio-demographic characteristics, intellectual level and population density. The concentration of population in cities, population growth, density increase, average life expectancy or urbanization process... are all directly or indirectly closely related to the development of tourism economy.

People's free time plays an important role in tourism activities, to have a trip requires rest time, this is a necessary condition for tourism. Thanks to modern scientific and technological achievements, nowadays

Nowadays, labor productivity is constantly improving, the economy is growing, and people's living standards are improving. The general trend of many countries in the world, including ours, is to reduce working hours and increase rest time, so the time fund outside of working hours increases and this is a condition for workers to have income to arrange time for tourism activities. Besides, people's income plays an important role, this is a necessary factor for the consumption of tourism products. When traveling and staying outside their regular residence, tourists begin to spend money during the trip such as travel expenses, house rental, food, goods, and spiritual services such as sightseeing, watching music, etc. Countries with high per capita income and developed economies annually consume large quantities of tourism products both domestically and internationally. For them, rest, entertainment, and travel become indispensable needs. On the other hand, when the level of education is increasingly high and the economy is sufficient, the desire to learn and get acquainted with countries near and far also increases and thus the habit of traveling will be formed more and more among the people. On the contrary, when welcoming tourists from other places to their country, the attitude and orientation for tourists to enjoy the tourism products there is also much more favorable.

1.2.5. Defense - security, political - social factors

A strong national defense will be strong enough to protect the country, deter and suppress internal and external enemies, and destroy all enemies that threaten the peace and safety of the country, people, and regime. Ensuring security, stable political situation and social order and safety are important conditions necessary for sustainable and effective development of tourism economy. It ensures the expansion of economic, scientific - technological, cultural and political relations not only among regions and ethnic groups in the country but also regionally and internationally. Tourism economy can only develop when and only

When there is mutual understanding and friendship between nations, peace and stability are established, international economic relations and international tourism exchanges are increasingly expanded and developed. Countries with stable political and military situations often have great appeal to tourists. When arriving there, tourists can truly enjoy a peaceful, stable and friendly political atmosphere, they feel the friendliness and equality without discrimination of race, class, religion... of the host. Tourists can interact, get to know each other, and enjoy new cultural features from the local people where they come. Thanks to tourism, nations understand each other better, become closer, and live together more friendly. Of course, the more tourists there are, the more tourism products and services will be consumed. On the contrary, tourism economy cannot develop if there is political instability and security and defense are not well guaranteed, which will directly or indirectly threaten the safety of tourists.

In tourism business, socio-political conditions are also important factors, it determines the direction of development strategies, plans, and investment projects for tourist areas and destinations. Natural and human resources for investment in tourism economic development are insignificant, but thanks to the right policies and strategies, many types of tourism services have been developed every year, attracting a large number of tourists, bringing high economic efficiency, solving many difficult problems in the locality such as employment, infrastructure construction, creating "yeast" to attract investment for other economic sectors.

1.3. Experience of some localities in developing tourism economy

1.3.1. Experience in developing tourism economy in Hai Phong

Hai Phong is one of the major cities in the country that has been oriented by the state to focus on building into an economic and commercial center of the coastal region and the Northern Delta, an important pole in the economic growth pole of the North: Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Location

The waterway system, road network, railway, seaport and airport have made Hai Phong the most important seaport in the Northern region of Vietnam, with favorable conditions for developing economic exchanges with the whole country and abroad. Hai Phong also has a long-standing historical and cultural tradition, and is also a place where domestic and foreign businessmen come to survey and invest. Nature and national cultural history have created Hai Phong with quite complete tourism resources including both natural resources and human resources.

Since Vietnam implemented the new economic strategy, Hai Phong tourism has developed rapidly. In 2007, Hai Phong welcomed 808,455 international visitors, in 2008 welcomed 874,295, in 2009 welcomed 898,200 and by June 2010 was 912,630. In recent years, the annual growth rate of international visitors is 33.2%/year, the average stay is from 2.0 - 2.2 days/visitor [35]. International visitors to Hai Phong are mostly from connecting tours from Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. A tourist market that is very suitable for Hai Phong tourism products is Chinese tourists, especially from the southern provinces of China, which are very close in terms of geography, culture, history and customs. Since 1996, Chinese tourists have been allowed to travel by entry and exit passport through Mong Cai border gate to Hai Phong and since 1997, they have been allowed to use an entry passport by sea directly to Hai Phong port, so the number of international tourists has increased.

Regarding domestic tourists coming to Hai Phong, they are mainly from Hanoi and neighboring provinces to visit, relax and swim, concentrated from June to September every year, the average stay is 1.8 - 1.9 days/guest. The growth rate of Hai Phong tourism in recent years has reached 35.3%/year, this growth has promoted the development of other economic sectors, promoting the economic restructuring of the city.

To achieve these achievements, Hai Phong tourism industry has implemented the following solutions:

- Resource solutions: tourism businesses solve capital resources, create and effectively use capital sources, and make the most of domestic capital (state capital and private capital).

Develop investment strategies for tourism infrastructure: resorts, sightseeing, entertainment, restaurants, transportation, tourism staff training facilities, tourist ports. Invest in infrastructure, protect and increase the value of the ecological environment for tourism, increase cultural values, invest in advertising, tourism security...

Closely cooperate with localities in the region, especially Hanoi and Quang Ninh, to effectively exploit tourism resource potential and diversify tourism types.

Investigate and classify the professional qualifications of workers in the industry, implement retraining programs for workers at different levels and in different majors.

- Market solutions: research, analyze, evaluate current and potential markets to identify key markets to attract domestic and international tourists. Along with capturing the international tourist market, Hai Phong tourism also focuses on exploiting the domestic tourist market, especially the local tourist market, the capital Hanoi and the Northern Delta region.

Focusing on investment in promoting and advertising tourism products has become an important content in Hai Phong tourism activities, so that tourists receive the most accurate and complete information about tourism products (in terms of price, quality, and time).

1.3.2. Experience in developing tourism economy in Quang Ninh

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