products, selecting new tree varieties suitable to market demand such as: Mango, custard apple, longan, ripe lychee, orange, lemon, tangerine... for new planting or replacement. In livestock farming, continue to promote the development of large-scale livestock farming in the highland communes of the district, and develop in the lowland communes.
Farmers have gradually used production factors reasonably and achieved high economic efficiency.
Chapter 3
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MAIN SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP FARMERS' HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY IN DONG HY DISTRICT IN THE DIRECTION
PRODUCTION OF GOODS
3.1. VIEWPOINTS ON DEVELOPING FARMERS' HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY IN DONG HY DISTRICT IN THE DIRECTION OF COMMODITY PRODUCTION
3.1.1. Developing the household economy towards commodity production to exploit potential and comparative advantages to serve social needs, protect the ecological environment and regenerate resources.
The living environment and agricultural production environment are facing the risk of serious deterioration. Many international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, are fighting for the sustainable development of the environment.
Many domestic and international seminars with the participation of farmers on environmental protection and sustainable development in agriculture. Many "clean" agricultural areas have been formed with the policy of not using pesticides, not using or using little commercial fertilizers. "Clean" agricultural products are favored by the international market.
The trend of agricultural commodity production development is towards sustainable agricultural development, which is summarized by the following three characteristics:
- Satisfy people's needs for agricultural products.
- Ability to adapt to increasingly advanced technical advances in agriculture.
- Ensure that the living environment and natural environment are not destroyed.
Nowadays, environmental protection is a matter of survival for every family, every country and the whole world. For our country, the natural environment has been destroyed a lot but not as seriously as in industrialized and developing countries. We still have a good opportunity to both produce and have measures to protect the environment. Environmental protection policies are only successful when each farmer spends time on this work.
Dong Hy district is quite favorable in terms of nature and socio-economy for the development of agricultural commodity production, especially in terms of land potential and convenient agricultural product consumption market. However, up to now, these potentials and advantages have not been well exploited. Most farming households are still small-scale, not yet able to escape the state of self-sufficient production. Underdeveloped commodity production is the reason why people's lives are still low and the poverty rate is still high. Indiscriminate deforestation has a great impact on the ecological environment, floods, droughts threaten production, resources, minerals and human life. Therefore, it is necessary to mobilize and exploit land, labor and other resources fully, reasonably and effectively. In that situation, developing household economy towards commodity production is a condition for exploiting the resources and advantages of the region well, it promotes production specialization, rational exploitation and use of resources, creating conditions for farming households to promote intensive farming, apply science and technology, improve crop and livestock productivity. Thereby increasing the ability to protect the ecological environment, making the environment better and natural resources are regenerated more due to rational use, proper exploitation of resources, creating a sustainable agricultural cultivation system for sloping land.
Developing the household economy towards commodity production in Dong Hy District is an objective requirement in the process of developing the household economy of the region, it is affected by the laws of the market economy. That is the process
The process of replacing self-sufficient production with the production of agricultural products to meet the needs of the market and society. It creates conditions for protecting the ecological environment, combining the exploitation of potential with the construction of a sustainable agricultural and forestry system to regenerate land resources, upstream protection forests, flora and fauna systems and aquatic resources.
3.1.2. Forming and developing family farm economy is one of the main forms of production and business organization in the coming time to increase the number of farming households in the direction of commodity production.
The development of agriculture has shifted from self-sufficiency to commodity production, associated with the emergence and development of farm households. Because of production, farming households must base on the market to build a business direction, must exploit resources best, must be based on the development of specialized, centralized and intensive production. On the other hand, to increase labor productivity, improve product quality, reduce production costs, household owners must invest in production at a reasonable scale, regularly innovate tools, equipment, production technology and improve management skills. From there, high economic efficiency and increased income are achieved. Well-off and wealthy households with capital, knowledge and experience in agricultural production will continue to accumulate land and form farms with a scale suitable to each region's conditions and each type of production.
In our country, although farm economy has only developed in recent years, its positive and important role has been clearly demonstrated in the economic, social, cultural and environmental fields.
Farms contribute to the economic restructuring, gradually overcoming the situation of scattered and fragmented production, creating specialized areas, concentrating goods and intensive farming. Farms contribute to promoting the development of other industries, especially processing and service industries in rural areas.
increase the number of rich households in rural areas, create more jobs and increase income for workers.
The development of farm economy has contributed to exploiting more capital sources among the people, expanding the area of cultivated land, barren hills, and wasteland, especially in the midlands and mountainous areas, contributing to poverty reduction and increasing agricultural products.
Therefore, to take full advantage of the comparative advantages of the region, the shift from self-sufficient production to developing commodity production for well-off and rich households according to the farm model is inevitable.
3.1.3. Developing household economy towards commodity production must be associated with the process of economic restructuring, with the process of industrialization and modernization of rural agriculture, with the process of integration into the national and foreign economies.
To bring agriculture and rural economy to large-scale commodity production, it is necessary to start from the economic restructuring in a progressive direction, closely linked with the industrialization and modernization process in agricultural development and rural construction. That is the basis for stabilizing the economic, political and social situation, consolidating the alliance of the working class and the intellectual class of scientists.
- Promote economic restructuring, link agricultural development with processing industry, occupations, link production with the market to form a linkage between agriculture - industry - services and the market right in rural areas.
- Agricultural industrialization means applying industrial processes to each stage and moving towards all stages of agricultural production, including pre- and post-harvest stages. Currently in many countries, stages such as watering, soil preparation, planting, fertilizing, seed selection, harvesting... have been industrialized (of course, the level of mechanization depends on each type of plant).
Thanks to advances in science and technology, agricultural production is carried out according to industrial production and management methods. For example, the method of growing vegetables and flowers in greenhouses has developed. Just like the industry, people can calculate in advance the "input" materials and "output" output of the vegetable and flower growing industry. The trend in the future is that other crops are gradually being industrialized.
- Modernizing agriculture is the application of the most advanced knowledge and scientific achievements to production. Thanks to agricultural activities, rural areas can catch up with urban areas, and agricultural production can achieve high efficiency.
3.1.4. Promoting internal resources, creating new development steps in household economy to attract external resources to create conditions for farming households to produce goods.
Since 1988, on the basis of re-awareness, summarizing practices, and innovating the cooperative economic regime, new driving forces have been created to promote production development. Thus, first of all, in terms of production, it is necessary to firmly affirm the role of the content household as the basic economic unit of agricultural production now and in the future.
Once the role of household economy autonomy is recognized, it is inevitable that household commodity production must also be recognized. What we want to emphasize is that it is necessary to encourage households to produce commodities to enrich their families and society.
In the process of transitioning to a market mechanism and developing commodity agriculture, the economic differentiation of households into rich and poor households is inevitable in the development process. Household commodity production should not and cannot be restrained. The State must consider households that do not produce commodities as needing to be encouraged and facilitated to become commodity producers.
In order for farming households to quickly develop into commodity producers, the State needs to create a legal environment and institutionalize State policies on land, land tax, credit, etc. so that farmers can confidently invest in production development.
After many years in the subsidy mechanism, the farmer households have not been able to become real household owners, so they need the help and guidance of the State in the production of goods, not allowing the supply and demand relationship to have an excessive impact on production, causing disadvantages to the content. Here we want to talk about a market with State intervention.
Exploiting local advantages to produce goods, it is impossible to manage production by administrative measures as before. State organizations and collectives play a good role in providing services for household production. In previous years, due to food shortages, most communes in Dong Hy district tried to produce food to the highest level, even at all costs. Now the situation has changed, food production is enough to eat and have reserves, it must be based on promoting advantages to better exploit the potential of each region.
3.2. GOALS AND ORIENTATIONS FOR FARM HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN DONG HY DISTRICT IN THE DIRECTION OF COMMODITY PRODUCTION
3.2.1. Goal of developing farmer household economy towards commodity production
3.2.1.1. The total value of agricultural and forestry products and goods is increasing.
This goal has a great and comprehensive significance in the development of the farmer household economy. The increasing output of some commodity products shows that the direction of commodity production of households is increasingly improving, thereby increasing the income and accumulation of households.
3.2.1.2. Increase the value of products per unit of cultivated area
The goal of farmers today is what to produce and how to produce to achieve the highest value of products per unit area, using a lot of labor in limited land conditions. To achieve high value of products per unit area of cultivated land, it is necessary to choose high-yield, high-quality crop varieties and advanced farming regimes suitable for the conditions of the region. Because the value of products per unit area of cultivated land is an important quality indicator to evaluate the efficiency of land use, assess the level and intensive farming capacity of the household.
In recent years, the household economy in Dong Hy District has achieved low labor productivity, land use efficiency, labor use efficiency and income. Therefore, it is very necessary to increase the value of products per unit area here. It is necessary to increase investment in new varieties, gradually orienting to new technology to increase rice productivity to 45.5 quintals/ha, corn productivity to 41.5 quintals/ha... in 2008 and increase the productivity of other crops even higher in 2010.
3.2.2. Orientation for economic development of commodity-producing farming households
3.2.2.1. Planning commodity production linked to the market and comparative advantages to shift the economic structure of commodity-producing farmers, gradually reducing fragmented production.
Planning for agricultural, forestry, fishery and rural economic production is part of the overall planning for socio-economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to base on the market requirements in the province, domestically and for export to re-plan the regions and sub-regions of key commodity production with scale, types and quality suitable to the market.
On the basis of planning for production, processing and consumption of agricultural, forestry and fishery products and rural services, the State and sectors and levels need to