Developing community tourism model in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province

- Diagram and map method: This is a necessary method in the research process related to territorial organization. Maps are mainly used in specialized directions to analyze and evaluate tourism development potential and related conditions.

5. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS. Chapter 1: Collection of theoretical bases on tourism development in the context of Quang

Ninh and Vietnam international integration and global competition; community tourism model

- The trend of rural development integration and accelerating the growth rate of local and Vietnamese service industries; and the theoretical basis of support services for community tourism development in rural areas to accelerate the integration of rural areas with other regions in the country and internationally.

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Chapter 2: Analysis and assessment of the development status of Bang Ca commune (infrastructure potential, technical facilities, support services) to develop community tourism in Bang Ca commune.

Chapter 3: Based on the analysis and evaluation in Chapter 2, the thesis proposes groups of solutions to develop a community tourism model towards sustainable development in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province, contributing to improving the material and spiritual life of local people in particular and effectively reducing poverty in rural and mountainous areas in general.

Solution group to local government.

Solution group to Bang Ca Commune Tourism Management Board.

Solutions Group to Local Community.

Solution Group to Travel Company.

Solution Group to Tourists.

6. STRUCTURE OF THESIS

In addition to the introduction, conclusion and appendix, the thesis has 3 main chapters as follows:

Chapter 1: Theoretical basis of community tourism in the trend of development and international integration.

Chapter 2: Analysis and evaluation of the current status of tourism development in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province.

Chapter 3 : Developing community tourism model in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province.

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BASIS OF TOURISM AND COMMUNITY TOURISM IN THE TREND OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION

1.1. THEORETICAL BASIS OF TOURISM AND COMMUNITY TOURISM TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

1.1.1. Concept of tourism:[9.4]

With the emergence of new science and technology, new inventions, people's lives are constantly increasing and improving. People have more and more conditions to participate in tourism. From there, tourism is becoming and will become an indispensable social need of people. As a global economic, social and environmental phenomenon, tourism is also considered a smokeless industry, which will create the most wealth and is the most sensitive.

The concept of tourism in its entirety needs to encompass its constituent elements. Unlike other products, tourism has the greatest influence and is influenced by most other economies. According to MC.Intossh (USA), tourism is: "The synthesis of phenomena and relationships arising from the interactions between tourists, tourism product suppliers, governments and local communities in the process of attracting and welcoming tourists".[9,4]

In there:

- Tourists: are people who seek different experiences and material and spiritual satisfaction. The desire of these subjects is to determine the chosen tourist destination and the activities performed at that location.

- Products and services provided by businesses to tourism establishments and tourists: businesses see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by providing products and services to meet the needs of customers.

- Local authorities: they see tourism primarily as an economic activity that brings benefits to the people, foreign currency to the country and tax revenue to the budget.

- Local people: They see tourism as an opportunity to create jobs, income and cultural exchange.

For the above relationship to develop harmoniously, the concept of sustainable development or the balance between the output benefits of an industry and the initial investment needed to ensure

Ensuring that the industry can continue to exist in the long term without destroying or depleting the resources on which it can grow is considered a key basis. Thus, it can be seen that sustainable tourism development is the only way to ensure that the industry behaves towards the natural and built environment to maintain their healthy vitality.

1.1.2 Sustainable tourism development:[38,17]

Sustainable tourism is an activity that exploits the natural and cultural environment to satisfy the diverse needs of tourists, taking into account long-term economic benefits, while continuing to maintain contributions to environmental protection and contributing to improving the living standards of local communities.

“Sustainable tourism is the development of tourism activities that meet the needs of present tourists and host peoples while preserving and enhancing resources for future tourism development. Sustainable tourism will have a plan to manage resources to satisfy economic, social and aesthetic needs of people while maintaining cultural integrity, biological diversity, the development of ecosystems and life support systems” WTO – United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

According to Vietnam Tourism Law: "Sustainable tourism is tourism development that meets current needs without harming the ability to meet future tourism needs." [1]

Sustainable tourism development must ensure the sustainability of three components: natural environment, economy and culture. Each component is equally important to the existence and development of the tourism industry.

- Sustainability of the natural environment: Concerns about the quality of the living environment are becoming widespread on a global scale due to the rapid degradation of the ecological environment. Forests are being destroyed, water and air are being polluted, fresh water is becoming scarce, birds and other animals are in danger of extinction… Sustainability of the natural environment is extremely important not only for the tourism industry but also for the existence of mankind.

- Cultural sustainability: the destruction of the natural environment often goes hand in hand with the destruction of the cultural environment. The cultural environment is destroyed when the local culture

change dramatically due to the impact of new factors or external influences. It is natural that cultures gradually change and improve over time. One of the important factors that affect cultural change is the globalization process, with the consequence that countries are increasingly connected and more closely dependent on each other in terms of economy, trade, investment. Affected by the globalization process, countries become more similar in terms of culture. The presence of tourists with their lifestyles, habits and behaviors will strongly change the thinking, attitudes and lifestyles of local people. Therefore, educating tourists, local people and all participants in tourism activities about the importance of preserving habits, customs, lifestyles and cultural traditions is very necessary.

- Economic sustainability: to ensure sustainable tourism development, creating jobs with stable income and fair distribution to the components participating in tourism activities is essential. Profits from tourism activities need to be widely distributed, especially to local residents because these are the subjects who understand best how to protect their local assets. However, investors in the tourism sector, in addition to being insensitive to the natural environment and culture, also focus on economic benefits and forget the mutual impacts of tourism activities on local communities. Obviously, tourism can only develop sustainably in a harmonious relationship between human, environmental, cultural and economic factors.

Thus, sustainable tourism development can be understood as implementing exploitation activities under the management of natural and human values to satisfy the diverse needs of tourists, paying attention to long-term economic benefits while still ensuring contributions to the conservation and restoration of resources, maintaining cultural integrity for future tourism development, for environmental protection and contributing to improving the living standards of local communities.

1.1.3. Community tourism

1.1.3.1. Concept of community [37,11]

Community is an amorphous concept, often defined as a group or unit that shares certain characteristics or interests, such as agricultural communities, urban communities, etc. In which, the spatial factor plays a role at different levels.

There are at least three different ways of understanding a community with its space. The first way defines a community as a collection in which space plays a dominant role, for example a geographical area. The second way defines a community as a group with a common interest in which space plays a very minor role, for example a business community, a farming community. The third way considers a community as a unit that can make its own decisions, not necessarily with a spatial element. This way includes both of the original definitions but emphasizes the characteristic that a community can make and implement certain decisions. In general, this definition is aimed at political entities such as a village, commune, etc., although it can also include a commercial area or a residential area.

1.1.3.2. Concept of community tourism [37].

In recent decades, tourism has truly become an important service industry, contributing greatly to the economic restructuring, increasing the proportion of the country's GDP and increasing the overall socio-economic growth, creating resources for the fight against poverty, backwardness, and protecting environmental resources. Tourism development brings job opportunities, increases income for people directly or indirectly related to tourism activities, increases opportunities for cultural exchange, knowledge transfer and understanding of people. Through tourism activities, some communities in remote areas have broken the isolation, used natural and human resources that were previously "dormant" as development resources, increased income, and improved living conditions for people in both material and spiritual terms.

Community-based tourism is a method of tourism development in which the local community is the direct subject participating in tourism development, protecting both natural and human tourism resources at tourist destinations and tourist areas, and at the same time enjoying the benefits brought about by tourism activities.

* Conditions for the formation and development of community tourism [37,56]

Experts all agree that community-based tourism development depends on the following basic conditions:

- Tourism resources: Tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical - cultural relics, creative works of human labor and other values.

Other human values can be used to meet tourism needs, which are the basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes, and tourist cities.

Tourism resources include natural tourism resources and human tourism resources that are being exploited and not yet exploited.

Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, ecological, and natural landscape elements that can be used for tourism purposes.

Human tourism resources are resources created by humans, including the totality of material and spiritual values that humans have impacted on nature and society, including themselves, through the historical process. Human tourism resources can be divided into the following types: historical and cultural relics, festivals, objects associated with ethnology: houses, traditional culture, cultural objects, sports and other cognitive activities, customs, ethnic costumes, etc.

Tourism resources are a prerequisite for the formation and development of tourism in general and community tourism in particular. Tourism resources are the decisive factor in creating the value of a destination. The more unique tourism resources a destination has, the more it attracts tourists and promotes tourism activities in the area. Tourism products are created by many factors, but first of all, tourism resources must be mentioned. To meet the demands of tourists, tourism products cannot be monotonous, poor, unattractive but must be rich, diverse, unique and new.

For community tourism, the more abundant and unique the tourism resources are, the more favorable the conditions for strong and sustainable development.

- Conditions on community factors are considered and evaluated based on factors such as number of members, national identity, customs and practices, education and culture, awareness of responsibility for resources and tourism development. The scope of the community is determined as the population living, working and working permanently in or adjacent to areas with natural resources.

- Conditions of having domestic and international tourist markets for sightseeing, research, and future will attract many visitors. Conditions of tourists also show the nature of tourism development and the issue of jobs for the community.

- Reasonable policy and mechanism conditions create a favorable environment for tourism development and community participation.

- Support and assistance from the Government, domestic and foreign non-governmental organizations in terms of human resources, finance and experience in developing community-based tourism and travel companies in advertising and promoting to attract tourists to visit.

* Principles of community tourism development [37,57]

- Community based:

The characteristic of community tourism is a type of community-based tourism. In which, the community is the main subject of tourism activities. They are the ones who participate in all tourism processes such as: organizing tourism activities, providing tourism services, preserving traditional cultural values to serve the needs of tourists...

To build community tourism programs must be built on the basis of assessing the capacity of the community. Capacity includes the ability to perceive their role and position in resource use, to perceive the great potential of tourism for community development as well as to know the disadvantages of tourism activities and tourists on resources and the community. The conditions, financial capacity and human resources of the community to meet the requirements of tourism development. At the same time, it is also necessary to assess the attractiveness and uniqueness of the traditional cultural values of the community in tourism development.

- Reasonable division of benefits

Community tourism products are the result of the relationship between local communities, local authorities, and tourism businesses.

Local communities are responsible for providing tourism services, organizing tourism activities and securing tourism resources. They are the ones directly involved in community tourism activities.

Local authorities are the representatives of state agencies that directly manage local tourism activities, ensure public order and security and the safety of tourists, and make their locality a safe destination for tourists.

Tourism businesses include travel agencies and tourism service providers operating locally and other local travel agencies. Travel agencies are intermediaries between tourists and tourism resources in the area as well as tourism services of the local community living there. Travel agencies are important agents stimulating

like the tourism market, create conditions for tourism development. Community tourism will be very difficult to develop without the participation of travel businesses.

With this principle, the community must benefit as much as other components participating in the business of providing products for tourists. Revenue from tourism activities is distributed fairly to all members participating in the activity. At the same time, those benefits are also shared through tax payments for the common development of society.

- People decide on tourism activities

All programs of this type of tourism are built on the capacity of the community. Therefore, the community must have the right to participate in discussing plans, implementing plans and managing and investing in tourism development, in some cases, the ownership can be given to the community.

The community is an equal partner in the tourism development cycle. The local community is the most direct participant in tourism activities. They are the ones who understand best their strengths and weaknesses in participating in tourism activities. They are not the ones who sit there waiting for plans from above. Therefore, they must be allowed to participate in discussions to come up with development plans that best suit the community's capabilities.

- Preserve the value of resources

The conditions of natural and human resources are the most decisive for the development of community-based tourism. Tourism resources are like the land for cultivating tourism programs. The richer and more unique the resources are, the easier it is to build special tourism programs to attract tourists.

However, in the process of exploitation, the community needs to pay attention to preserving the value of resources. The more preserved the resources are, the more valuable they are to attract tourists, which means the number of jobs and their income increases.

If the local community exploits tourism development indiscriminately, damaging environmental resources, cross-breeding cultures, and losing indigenous cultural characteristics, then that area cannot develop tourism sustainably. The loss of traditional cultural identity

Developing community tourism model in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province - 2

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