Community Tourism Development Model in Sin Chai Village

population, resource characteristics to assess the attractiveness, sensitivity and ability of the community to participate. Based on those assessments, formulate policies and make implementation plans, and outline tourism development orientations. Determine the management of the management agency, the role of community participation and the organizational structure for operating the model. Develop capacity building programs through tours and training to improve professional qualifications in tourism operations. Plan to advertise tourism products.

The community tourism model in Sin Chai village is organized as follows: [37,105]

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Residential community

Developing community tourism in Sin Chai village

Tourist market

Supporting Organizations and Management Board

Impact factors (natural resources, human resources)

Other factors

Figure 3.1: Community tourism development model in Sin Chai village - Lao Cai

[Source: Author compiled from: [37], [33]...]

- Participants:

Organizations, authorities at all levels, and unions have participated in developing community tourism in Sin Chai village, including: People's Committees at all levels play an important role in orienting local tourism development through the Department of Tourism, the Tourism Office, and the Tourism Development Support Board. Non-governmental organizations such as IUCN and SNV have a role in initiating and providing technical advice, economic advice, and financial support. Organizations and unions such as:

Women's Union and Farmers' Union are responsible for mobilizing community members to participate in tourism activities.

The community participates in providing tourism services, protecting natural resources and preserving traditional cultural values of the community.

- Tourism products:

Through the implementation of the program, many remarkable results have been achieved. Currently, there are more than 40 households in the village participating in activities providing services to tourists.

Specific activities include:

+ Organizations providing accommodation services, food services and many households specializing in producing and supplying food for businesses.

+ Guide and show the way to visitors. Organize tourism programs for visitors to learn about the ecosystem in the Fansipan mountain range.

+ Organize tours for visitors to villages to learn about the culture and customs of their community.

+ Organize cultural performances to serve guests. Demonstrate handicraft production activities to serve tourists' exploration needs.

- How the model works:

+ Support organizations and management boards: including non-governmental organizations and governments at all levels.

+ Impact factors: natural resources, human resources in Sin Chai village and tourists.

+ The factor participating in providing services and participating in environmental resource conservation is the Sin Chai village community.

- Benefit sharing: The community agrees on profit sharing as follows: 70% of revenue from tourism services belongs to local people, 15% belongs to the Village Tourism Management and Development Support Board, 15% contributes to the village infrastructure development support fund.

The development of tourism has brought many benefits to local communities in many aspects.

Economic benefits : the initial success of the model is attracting more and more visitors, creating income for the community. The development of community tourism has contributed to poverty reduction, improving the lives of people.

ethnic minorities in the villages. In 2000, Sin Chai had 68% of poor households, now only 26%.

Cultural benefits : tourism activities have enhanced the pride of the villagers in the cultural values of their ethnic group. They are aware of the responsibility to preserve and develop their own ethnic culture because this is one of the factors that attracts more tourists.

Social benefits : enhancing the role of community ownership, the responsibility of the community towards each member and the whole society, improving rural living conditions, creating innovation in relationships and emotional awareness in the community, increasing hospitality.

Environmental benefits and natural resource protection : people's awareness and responsibility for natural resource protection are higher. They realize that protecting the rich diversity of natural resources is also ensuring the sustainability of their own income. The sanitary environment in the village is increasingly cleaner and tidier.

3.3. BUILDING A COMMUNITY TOURISM MODEL IN BANG CA COMMUNE, HOANH BO DISTRICT, QUANG NINH PROVINCE.

3.3.1. Principles of building a community tourism model in Bang Ca commune, Hoanh Bo district, Quang Ninh province.

a. Maximize the participation of local communities in Bang Ca commune in tourism activities.

Empower the community in Bang Ca commune to participate in tourism activities from the planning process to organization, implementation management and monitoring to achieve sustainability in terms of socio-economy, resources and environment.

b. Ensuring sustainable development.

One of the important principles for building a community tourism development model is to ensure sustainable economic, political, social, resource and environmental development in Bang Ca. However, in the factors of sustainable development, the interests of the community must be respected and cared for. In addition, when developing a community model in Bang Ca, it is necessary to ensure that there is no dependence of the community on external financial and technical support sources. Because if after the organizations and units stop developing the model and the above support sources are no longer available, then

The model will automatically stop because it is used to receiving help from others, so it becomes passive and unable to solve problems on its own.

c. The community benefits from tourism development.

It is necessary to ensure that the local community benefits directly from tourism activities. Developing community tourism in Bang Ca will not bring positive results and will not ensure sustainability if the lives of local people are disturbed, resources in Bang Ca are used by tourists while most of the benefits go through the hands of travel companies and tour guides, and then only a small part reaches the people.

d. Sharing tourism benefits within the community.

This is an indispensable principle in the process of building a community tourism development model in Bang Ca. The identified benefits include revenues from services provided by the community as well as entrance fees when visitors come to the community. This sharing is not about sharing benefits equally within the community but is done in the form of creating conditions and opportunities for individuals and households in the villages to provide services to visitors. Revenues from entrance fees or other revenues will be used to restore and maintain resources used to serve visitors in the community.

e. Capacity building for local people.

Bang Ca people, especially individuals and households participating in local community tourism development activities, must be trained to improve their awareness and knowledge of tourism management and business in their community. This is an important factor that determines the success of the above factors. Without being equipped with the necessary knowledge and capacity, allowing the community to actively participate in tourism activities will do more harm than good.

g. Efficiency and differentiation must be demonstrated during model development.

To encourage and create trust for the local community to participate and maintain the community tourism model in Bang Ca, the local community must see the difference between following the model and not following the model. This must be clearly demonstrated through the improvement in economy, living environment conditions... between before and after implementation, between implemented areas and non-implemented areas.

Thus, through evaluation and drawing lessons from some community tourism models in localities in the Northern region of our country, based on the actual conditions of the locality and on the principles of building a community tourism model in Bang Ca commune... the community tourism model in Bang Ca will be proposed as follows.

3.3.2. Model proposal.

The Community Model is understood as a combination of main and secondary elements that are related to each other through mutual connections and have mutual impacts in a certain environment. From there, the Community Tourism model is identified as a combination of subjects participating in tourism and the relationships between them in the tourism business environment in the community. [33,99]

Considering the actual conditions of Bang Ca commune, ensuring the promotion of internal strength as well as the initiative of the community in tourism activities. To ensure that this model operates effectively, Bang Ca needs to implement well the following main contents:

* Research and survey to orient the development of community tourism models and community tourism products.

* Build a system and apparatus to manage tourism activities in the community, with the participation of people in the community.

Focus on building and training a team of human resources to ensure the ability to self-sustain capacity building activities without external investment support.

* Seek different sources of funding from the Government, non-governmental organizations, businesses and community resources... to have some initial minimum facilities for community tourism activities.

* Get long-term support and guidance from authorities at all levels and tourism management agencies in the community.

* Assistance from other organizations as well as international cooperation in developing community tourism products and finding other initial sources.

* Responsible cooperation of tourism businesses in the community and towards the community in an equal and mutually beneficial manner.

The above components are all developed on the basis of active community participation in implementation activities.

This model is shown in the following diagram:

Local government

Bang Ca Commune Tourism Management Board

Developing community tourism in Bang Ca commune

Travel companies, travel agents

Community implementation

Tourism resources in Bang Ca

Other influencing factors

Tourist

Figure 3.2: Community tourism development model in Bang Ca commune

[Source: Author compiled from: [37], [33], [28] and other documents...]

Helping local communities develop tourism through capacity building and technical support, along with guidance and policy assistance from local authorities at all levels, has the following advantages: [33,78]

* Thanks to capacity building, local communities have enough basic knowledge and ability to contribute ideas, participate in tourism planning, business and management activities.

* Become more proactive and vocal in tourism activities in your community.

* Capacity building encourages local communities to develop their internal resources, not creating dependence on external resources. This is an important factor to ensure the sustainability of the development of Community Tourism models, especially in ethnic minority areas, because if developing in the direction of investing in infrastructure and building pre-built models and activities, it will require large financial resources and create community dependence on external financial resources and assistance. This can easily cause Community Tourism activities and models to stop operating when there are no more financial resources and other assistance.

* Financial requirements for replicating and developing the model are not large. The main expenses are only in the areas of survey, evaluation, teaching and teaching equipment. These expenses are very modest compared to the investment in developing the facility.

infrastructure so that remote areas can completely do it with their limited budget.

* Can be partly integrated into other social development programs such as propaganda on hygiene, health, environmental protection, restoration and preservation of traditional cultural features, eradication of illiteracy and re-illiteracy, student volunteer programs, etc.

* The guidance support from local authorities not only facilitates the development of Community Tourism but also serves as a regulatory framework to guide community tourism activities towards sustainability and helps maintain the operation of the Community Tourism model.

Interactions between elements in the model: [33,102]

According to the above model, the groups of subjects related to the development of DLCĐ in Bang Ca commune will include:

- Local community:

This is the group of “new owners” in tourism and service activities of Bang Ca, including the community living in Bang Ca commune, they are the ones who are able to directly participate in a part of the tourism and service activities process in Bang Ca, such as home stay, tour guide in Bang Ca, food service, passenger transportation service, souvenir purchase support service, cultural services of ethnic communities, etc. In that new context, if tourism activities in Bang Ca want to develop sustainably, local people must voluntarily protect Bang Ca as “a private property”. Through direct participation in tourism activities, if people see that their family's income comes from tourists, helping them have a stable life, increasingly improving both materially and spiritually, they will be the factor that directly contributes to attracting more tourists, contributing their efforts to voluntarily protect Bang Ca as the property of the people. Therefore, the local community must benefit directly from tourism activities and tourism services, linking the economic benefits of the people with the environment and culture. From there, creating unique indigenous tourism products, attracting quality tourists to Bang Ca.

- Local authorities: Need to develop and approve a management framework

tourism and service development strategy, 5-year tourism operation plan and

every year in Bang Ca. And must have support from local authorities at provincial, central, and General Department of Tourism levels on administrative procedures, policies, budget and human resources.

- Bang Ca Tourism Management Board: To exploit community-based tourism in a sustainable manner, Bang Ca Tourism Management Board also needs to plan Bang Ca zoning and regulations for each area.

- Travel companies and travel agents : Be self-aware and responsible when sending guests to Bang Ca. Increase service costs for the local community, maximize the use of local human resources and reduce the impact of guests when coming to Bang Ca.

- Tourists : Raise tourists' awareness of the sustainable community-based tourism model in Bang Ca. Have criteria to help tourists choose authentic community-based tourism tours when visiting areas in Bang Ca. Increase visitors' contribution to efforts to conserve natural resources and cultural values.

- Other influencing factors : Including: research agencies, training institutions, non-governmental organizations, experts, volunteer organizations... They can provide technical advice and seek budget for the initial investment activities of the model.

- Tourism resources in Bang Ca: If the above factors are ensured, tourism resources in Bang Ca will be maintained and developed sustainably.

In summary, from the current situation, the potential for community tourism development in Bang Ca commune has been assessed and analyzed in Chapter 2. At the same time, considering the actual needs for community tourism development in Bang Ca, in order for the community tourism model of Bang Ca to develop effectively and sustainably, there need to be specific solutions for the target groups participating in the community tourism model as follows.

* Solution group to local community.

* Solution group to local authorities.

* Solution group to the Management Board of Bang Ca Commune Tourist Area.

* Solution group to travel company.

* Solution group to tourists.