d. Fauna
In 1962, 1993 in Ba Vi National Park (Ha Tay province) and in 2002 in the expanded area of the Park (Hoa Binh province) of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, the University of Forestry counted 63 species of animals, 191 species of birds, 61 species of reptiles, 27 species of amphibians, including 21 rare species of animals such as: White Pheasant, Clouded Leopard, Large Loris, Bears ...; 8 species of birds; 22 species of reptiles; 5 species of amphibians; and 7 rare species of insects.
3.2. Socio-economic conditions
According to the Park expansion plan, Ba Vi National Park is currently within the administrative area of 16 communes in 5 districts: Ba Vi has 7 communes: Ba Vi, Ba Trai, Tan Linh, Khanh Thuong, Minh Quang, Van Hoa, Yen Bai; Thach That district has 3 communes: Tien Xuan, Yen Binh, Yen Trung; Quoc Oai district has 1 commune: Dong Xuan; Luong Son district has 2 communes: Yen Quang and Lam Son; Ky Son district 3 has communes: Phu Minh, Phuc Tien and Dan Hoa. The total natural area of 16 communes is 40,697.56 hectares.
Ethnicity and population: In the area of 16 communes, there are 4 ethnic groups living: Muong, Kinh, Dao and Thai. The population is 89,928 people, the majority of whom are Muong ethnic group (69,547 people) and distributed in all 16 communes, accounting for 77.3%; Kinh ethnic group 20.4%; Dao ethnic group 2.15%, mainly in 3 communes: Ba Vi, Dan Hoa and Lam Son; Thai ethnic group 0.15%, distributed in Dong Xuan, Yen Quang and Phu Minh communes.
The total number of workers in the region is 51,568 people; of which 46,562 are agricultural workers, accounting for the majority of the local labor force. The number of workers in other occupations is 497 people, accounting for more than 1%. Diversifying occupations in rural areas has not been given much attention.
*General economic development situation
According to statistics of communes, budget revenue in the Buffer Zone communes reached 21.55 billion VND. Average food output in the whole region
The area reaches 308 kg/person/year. The highest average income is in Yen Trung commune, reaching 6 million VND/person/year. The lowest is Van Hoa commune, reaching only 3.6 million VND/person/year. In the area, there are 2,121 poor households, accounting for 10.31% of the total households in the area. Khanh Thuong is the commune with the highest rate of poor households with 323 households, accounting for 19.6% of the total households in the commune. Dong Xuan is the commune with the lowest rate of poor households, with only 28 households, accounting for 2.8% of the total households in the commune. Budget revenue in the area is low, the economy is slow to develop and there are many difficulties.
- Food production: The average yield of two-crop rice in the communes in the region is 4.55 tons/ha/year. The average annual yield is over 20 thousand tons. In 2007, it reached 27,680.02 tons. However, the food output is not enough for local consumption and many localities still have to buy from outside.
- Livestock: Livestock plays the second most important role after crop cultivation. In addition to providing traction, cattle also provide fertilizer for production, contributing to increasing crop productivity and providing local food. However, the development of livestock in the region faces many difficulties due to the increasingly narrowing grazing area.
- Forest protection and planting work
+ Afforestation: Implement program 327/CP; 661/CP. In 2009 alone, 250 hectares were planted, in 2010, 111.6 hectares were planted in 5 communes: Dan Hoa, Phuc Tien, Yen Quang, Yen Trung, Phu Minh. The main tree species planted are Lat, Thong, Sa Moc, De and the supporting tree is Acacia, the forest is growing quite well.
+ Forest protection: Local people have contracted to protect 3,350 hectares of forest assigned by the Park, with 97 households in the communes. The inspection results at the end of 2010 showed that the households have protected the assigned area well.
- Forest construction work in the area has been quite stable since the implementation of Decision 02/CP of the Government. Most of the forest area has owners with many successful family farm models.
- Exploiting special forest resources such as medicinal plants in natural forests: Currently, in Yen Son and Hop Nhat villages of Ba Vi commune, many households
The Dao people have a traditional medicine profession. Most of the medicinal plants are taken from the natural forests on Ba Vi Mountain (Core Area). Overexploitation and lack of control have drastically reduced the quantity and quality of many precious medicinal plants for treating bone and joint diseases, liver and kidney diseases, and women's diseases. This is really a warning, if the Park and local authorities do not strictly control or do not have a plan to protect and cultivate, some precious medicinal plants are at risk of disappearing.
- Slash-and-burn cultivation: Many concentrated and interspersed sloping fields are currently being cultivated by people in Khanh Thuong, Ba Vi, and Ba Trai communes, which are also located in the ecological restoration zone. However, this area has been cultivated by people for a long time. Cultivation mainly grows cassava, with some areas growing in rotation. In general, productivity is gradually decreasing due to soil erosion.
* Social status and infrastructure in the communes of the Buffer Zone
Education: All communes have kindergartens, primary schools, and secondary schools. The entire region currently has 1,309 teachers with 14,731 students. Most of the school-age children have gone to school. The biggest difficulty currently in the communes in the area is that there is no solid housing for teachers from other places. Housing needs to be built for teachers so that they can teach with peace of mind. The quality of education is not really good. In 2007, the communes in the project area had a high school graduation rate of 94 - 98%. However, the number of excellent students at the district level is still low compared to the average of the district.
Medical work and community health care In the survey area, each commune has 1 medical station. The whole area has 103 medical staff and 87 hospital beds. Medical facilities in the area are responsible for disease prevention, medical examination, first aid and treatment of common diseases for the people. However, the facilities at the commune health stations are still lacking, the level of health workers is still limited. The level of staff is mainly at the level of medical doctors, there are no doctors.
The infrastructure is quite convenient, all communes have paved inter-commune roads, cars can go to the commune center. The road from the commune center to the villages is still dirt road and gravel road. Ha Tay province (old) has invested funds to build some asphalt roads to tourist destinations such as the road to Ao Vua tourist area, the road to Suoi Tien tourist area, Khoang Xanh tourist area... Although there are roads to the tourist areas, there are no connecting roads between the areas.
The national grid has reached all communes. However, electricity here is only used for lighting, while electricity for production is used little, mainly for milling and lumber processing households.
* General assessment of economy and society
Hard :
The Ba Vi National Park area is mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities. Of which, the Muong ethnic group has a fairly high proportion, accounting for 77.3% of the population in the area. They have low educational level, backward farming practices, and their lives mainly depend on agricultural production, low income, and lack of investment capital for production.
Infrastructure such as transportation, irrigation, cultural houses, markets are all lacking, and means of communication are also lacking. The staff is still weak in expertise, which is a big obstacle to the integration and development process.
Favorable :
The propaganda and education work of the grassroots cadres is good, so people in the area have become aware of protecting the forest and the ecological environment. Up to now, there is basically no more phenomenon of arbitrary slash-and-burn farming.
Forest resources are well maintained and developed. The local labor force is quite abundant, and can participate in contracting, protecting, protecting, and planting forests. Project programs such as: Programs 327/CP, 661/CP, 134/CP, 135/CP of the Government have initially improved infrastructure conditions, forestry has developed, people have a lot of experience in forestry and are aware of forest protection.
Chapter 4
RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Characteristics of ecotourism activities of Ba Vi National Park
Affiliated Units
4.1.1. Operation mechanism and management model of Ba Vi National Park
Board of Directors
Functional departments
DMT DLST&G Service Center
Forest Protection Department
Administrative Department
Planning and Finance Department
International Science and Technology Department
Diagram 4.1. Garden organization model diagram
*Total number of staff: 84 people
a/ - Board of Directors: 03 people
b/ - Functional departments: 23 people
+ Administrative Department: 08 people
+ Planning and finance department: 07 people
+ Science & International Cooperation Department: 08 people
c/ - Affiliated units: 58 people
+ Ecotourism service center & environmental education: 12 people
+ Forest rangers (6 stations and 1 mobile team) : 46 people
Table 4.1. Units of Ba Vi National Park
TT
UNIT | Number of employees (people) | Level (person) | |||
Above university | Grand learn | Still again | |||
1 | Board of Directors | 03 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
2 | Organization, administration and synthesis department | 08 | 0 | 6 | 2 |
3 | Finance and accounting department | 07 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
4 | Scientific research room | 08 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
5 | Forest Ranger | 46 | 1 | 39 | 6 |
6 | Center for Tourism and Environmental Education | 12 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
Total | 84 | 9 | 61 | 14 | |
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Conditions for Ecotourism Development
(Source: Staff quality report as of June 30, 2015)
*Duties and functions
The Management Board is responsible to the Director General of the General Department of Forestry - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for protecting and building Ba Vi National Park according to current regulations, specifically:
- Organize and implement programs to sustainably develop natural resources in the managed garden area.
- Prepare annual project of other expenses and organize implementation of project activities. Manage and use funding sources according to current regulations.
- Coordinate with relevant agencies and local authorities to prevent and handle all acts that cause damage to the ecosystem and environmental landscape, especially in strictly protected areas.
- Organize propaganda to implement the forest protection ordinance and national park regulations for all people and units in the park management area.
- Organize services, materials, techniques, plant varieties and guide local people to participate in forest protection programs, afforestation, forest protection and other programs if necessary.
* Mechanism of action
Tourism activities are completely managed and supervised by the Board of Directors. The Director is the head and directly manages all activities of the Park.
Deputy director of staff assists the director.
*The main affiliated units are as follows:
- Financial Planning Department: Manage capital and assets of the Garden, advise the director on using business capital effectively, increasing rapidly, and changing
The Garden's face checks and controls the Garden's business activities.
- Department of Science and International Cooperation: This department's main task is to carry out projects in the Garden in cooperation with foreign organizations.
Currently, the project is investing in research on species conservation science.
- Forest ranger unit: The main function of this unit is to manage and protect forests.
- Center for ecotourism services and environmental education: Mainly responsible for welcoming visitors to the garden and guiding and regulating visitors. In addition, a very important job is to do propaganda work so that people and tourists are aware of the importance of conservation.
According to the diagram, we can see that with the management model, tourism activities are completely operated and supervised by the National Park Management Board. This is a favorable condition for combining tourism activities with conservation work of the National Park. The National Park Management Board can be proactive in planning and adjusting the
Tourism activities are suitable for the tasks and functions of the park, which are to preserve and raise awareness and consciousness of environmental protection. The staff of the park are all highly qualified, with 10.7% having a university degree and spread across all departments, with 72.6% having a university degree. The staff of the park's professional departments all have a university degree or higher. This is a favorable condition for the protection and development of the park when all positions in the park are performed by qualified staff. However, those who are trained are mainly forestry specialists to do forest rangers and conservation work, while those with tourism expertise are almost non-existent. Some staff working directly at the ecotourism service center and environmental education have attended short-term training courses on tourism.
Tourist attractions ( Source: book Vietnam National Parks)
Male)
Tourist attractions are places with attractive tourism resources and potential.
ability to attract tourists. According to actual surveys, Ba Vi National Park has currently introduced many tourist attractions right in the National Park area. These are:
- Level 400m: here is a nursery of forest trees and a botanical garden.
- 600m elevation: From here, visitors can admire the Da River landscape, the villages at the foot of the mountain, visit the traces of a helicopter airport and many old French villas.
- 800m: Visit the natural forest, explore the ruins of old villas, the orphanage and the French church.
- Tan Vien Peak: Visitors worship at Thuong Temple, admire the scenery of Da River, villages at the foot of the western mountain, and visit the natural forest.
- King Peak: Visitors worship at Uncle Ho Temple, admire the scenery of villages and fields at the foot of the mountain to the East and North.