LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS
INTERPRETATION | |
Steering Committee | Steering committee |
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development |
CTR | Solid waste |
CTRSH | Domestic solid waste |
KH | Plan |
NTM | New countryside |
People's Committee | People's Committee |
QCVN | Vietnam Standards |
VSMT | Environmental sanitation |
HVS | Hygienic |
CNH | Industrialization |
OS | Modernization |
BVTV | Plant protection |
National Target Program | National environment |
BTNMT | Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment |
Family | Household |
Maybe you are interested!
-
Current Status of New Rural Construction in Ha Giang City, Ha Giang Province -
Current Status of Credit Risk Management at Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development -
Assessment of the current status of land use rights mortgage activities at the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, Dien Bien province branch - 2 -
Assessment of the current status of land use rights mortgage activities at the Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, Dien Bien province branch - 14 -
Assessment of the Current Status of Credit Expansion for Ecotourism Development at the Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam - Ben Tre Branch
1. Problem statement
INTRODUCTION
During the period of economic renovation, our country has had very important developments, in which we must especially mention the great role of the agricultural and rural economy. Up to now, when we enter the period of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, farmers have gradually gained an increasingly important position and role. Our country has over 77% of the population living in rural areas with the main industry structure being agricultural - forestry - fishery production, small-scale industry and services. In the overall national economy, the rural area is strategic, both in the short term and in the long term. Therefore, rural areas dominate and impact many aspects of environmental issues and national environmental protection.
Currently, our country's countryside is in the process of innovation and development. Along with that process, many environmental problems have arisen, the most pressing of which is environmental pollution. Environmental pollution in Vietnam's rural areas is currently an urgent issue that requires us to pay more attention to this issue, not just stop at warnings or general appeals. The 7th Conference of the 10th Party Central Committee issued Resolution No. 26/NQ-TW, affirming that building a new countryside is the first step towards industrialization and modernization of the country. On April 16, 2009, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 49/QD-TTg promulgating a set of national criteria (including 19 criteria) on new countryside. This is the basis for directing the construction and implementation of the new countryside model to achieve national goals on new countryside in line with the socio-economic development trend of the country. The goal of building new rural areas, in addition to economic development and improving the material and spiritual life of the people, is to protect the ecological environment where people live. Among the 19 criteria for new rural areas, criterion number 17 is the criterion on rural environment. However, since its implementation, criterion number 17 has always been a difficult criterion to implement in many localities and is often not considered as important as other criteria. Meanwhile, many rural environmental issues are difficult problems.
In order to solve this problem, localities need to recognize the implementation of environmental criteria in new rural construction as an important criterion and need to be given due attention to develop a more sustainable rural economy and society.
The rural development program in Lai Chau province in the past three years has made significant progress, creating positive changes contributing to changing the face of mountainous rural areas, gradually improving and enhancing the material and spiritual life of the people. In most localities in the province, the implementation of environmental criterion No. 17 in the new rural criteria is also facing difficult problems that require more attention and active implementation of solutions, especially in a mountainous province that is mostly rural. San Thang commune in Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province is one of the communes that has been piloted to build a new rural model in Lai Chau province. In order to have a general assessment of the current status of the rural environment in the commune along with the implementation of new rural construction in the locality, I conducted the topic "Studying the current status of the rural environment and proposing some solutions to implement environmental criteria in new rural construction in San Thang commune, Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province".
2. Objective
*General objective:
Assess the current status of rural environment and propose some solutions to implement environmental criteria in new rural construction in San Thang commune.
* Specific objectives:
- Study on the current environmental status of San Thang commune, Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province:
- Research the difficulties and challenges in implementing new rural environmental criteria: Difficulties in accessing legal documents and state policies related to implementing new rural environmental criteria; Difficulties in implementing new rural environmental criteria.
- Solutions to overcome difficulties and challenges in implementing new rural environment.
3. Object
+ New rural environmental criteria/indicators according to Decision No. 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009 of the Prime Minister on promulgating the set of national criteria on rural areas.
+ San Thang commune environment includes natural and social environment;
+ People of San Than commune, Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province
4. Research scope: San Thang Commune.
5. Scientific and practical significance of the topic
- Scientific significance: The research results of the topic contribute to clarifying the ecological correlation between humans and the environment.
- Practical significance:
+ Research results will contribute to raising people's awareness and concern about environmental protection;
+ Serve as a basis for authorities to strengthen propaganda and education work to raise people's awareness of the environment;
+ Determine the environmental status in San Thang commune, Lai Chau city, Lai Chau province;
+ Is the basis for competent agencies to consider adjusting the policy on implementing new rural areas in San Thang commune;
+ Propose environmental protection solutions for San Thang commune in particular and localities with similar characteristics in general;
1. Theoretical basis
1.1. Concepts
CHAPTER 1:
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
* Rural areas are different from urban areas where a community is mainly farmers whose main occupation is agriculture; have lower population density, less developed infrastructure, lower social welfare levels, lower educational levels, lower levels of market access and commodity production [1].
* Mountainous rural areas are rural areas in mountainous areas with rural characteristics but different in farming conditions, agricultural cultivation methods, difficult roads, low education, and backward living and production habits[1].
* The environment includes natural and artificial material elements surrounding humans, affecting the production life, existence, and development of humans and living organisms" (Law on Environmental Protection, 2005) [2].
* Environmental pollution is the change of environmental components that does not conform to environmental standards, causing adverse effects on humans and living organisms [2].
* Environmental protection activities are activities to keep the environment clean, prevent and limit negative impacts on the environment, respond to environmental incidents; overcome pollution, degradation, restore and improve the environment; exploit, use natural resources reasonably and economically; protect biodiversity [2].
* Rural development
Rural development is a broad concept, referred to in many different areas:
- Rural development is a strategy aimed at improving the economic and social living conditions of a specific group of people - the rural poor. It helps the poorest of the rural population to benefit from development [3].
- Another view holds that rural development aims to improve the economic and social status of rural people through the highly effective use of local resources including human, material and financial resources.
*New rural model
Building a new rural model is a policy on the development model of both agriculture and rural areas. The new rural model is a community model according to new criteria, absorbing modern scientific and technological achievements while still preserving the characteristics, quintessence and culture of the Vietnamese people. In general, the new rural model is in the direction of industrialization - modernization, cooperation, democratization and civilization.
The new rural model is defined by the following characteristics: meeting development requirements (innovation in organization, operation and environmental landscape); achieving the highest efficiency in all aspects (economic, political, cultural, social and environmental); being more advanced than old models, containing common characteristics, and being able to be popularized and applied nationwide.
It can be conceived that "The new rural model is the sum of characteristics and structures that form a rural organization model according to new criteria, meeting new requirements for rural areas in current conditions, a rural model that is built to progress in all aspects compared to previous rural models [4].
*The national program on new rural construction is a comprehensive program on socio-economic development, politics and national security and defense, including 11 contents, of which the 9th content is about clean water supply and rural environmental sanitation [5].
- Target:
+ The basic unit of the new rural model is the village - commune:
Villages and communes are truly communities in which the State's management does not deeply interfere with rural life in the spirit of respecting the people's autonomy through village conventions and customs (not contrary to State law). State management and farmers' autonomy are harmoniously combined; the values
Village traditions are promoted to the maximum, creating a positive social-psychological atmosphere, ensuring a state of balance in economic and social life in rural areas, maintaining security and social order, etc. to form a favorable environment for rural economic development.
+ Meet the requirements of commodity production, urbanization, prepare material and spiritual conditions to help farmers make a living and become prosperous right on the land they have been attached to for a long time. First of all, create conditions for people to change their lifestyle and self-sufficient, purely agricultural (traditional) farming to commodity production, services, tourism; so that farmers can "leave farming but never leave their homeland" .
+ Rural areas know how to exploit and nurture resources properly.
High and sustainable economic growth, environmental preservation, good exploitation of tourism potential, restoration of traditional industries and handicrafts. Applying high technology in management, biology, and effective economic activities. Harmonious development of agricultural economic structure, integration with local, regional, national and international levels.
+ Rural democracy is expanded and put into practice.
Rural subjects ( rural workers, farm owners, farming households, non-governmental organizations, the State, private sector, etc. ) actively participate in all decision-making processes on rural development policies; transparent, smooth and effective information among relevant actors; fair distribution. Farmers are truly "free and self-determined on their plows and fields ", Daoa chooses production and business options to enrich themselves and their homeland in accordance with the Party's guidelines and policies and the State's policies and laws.
+ Farmers and rural areas have developed culture, improved intelligence, liberated labor force, and revolutionary enthusiasm. That is the endogenous strength of villages and communes in the process of building new rural areas. Farmers have stable lives, high levels of education, science and technology, and skills, a civilized and modern lifestyle, but still preserve cultural values and traditional identities, believe in the leadership of the Party, and actively participate in all political movements.
economy, culture, society, security - defense, foreign affairs... to both improve ourselves, improve our quality of life, and contribute to building a civilized and prosperous homeland.
These criteria are becoming the goals and requirements in policy planning on new rural models in our country at the present stage.
* Decision No. 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009 of the Prime Minister on promulgating the National Criteria for New Rural Areas [5]
Building a new rural area (NTM) is a policy of special strategic importance of our Party and State, aiming to concretize the implementation of the 7th Resolution of the Party Central Committee ( 10th tenure ) on agriculture, farmers and rural areas. This policy has comprehensive goals: Building a gradually modernized rural socio-economic infrastructure, building a reasonable economic structure and production organization forms linking industry with service development, linking rural development with urban areas according to planning, building a democratic, stable new rural society rich in national cultural identity; protecting the ecological environment, maintaining security and order, strengthening the political system in rural areas under the leadership of the Party, improving the material and spiritual life of the people. Thus, the policy of building a new rural area has a profound humanity, is both a goal and requirement for sustainable development, and is an urgent, long-term task that requires proper, synchronous and certain implementation.
Decision No. 491/QD-TTg Promulgating the national criteria set on new rural construction, including 19 criteria, including 11 national target programs and 13 target programs taking place in rural areas, including the following 11 contents:
- New rural construction planning;
- Developing economic and social infrastructure;
- Structural transformation, economic development, income improvement;
- Poverty reduction and social security;
- Innovate and develop effective forms of production organization in rural areas;
- Developing education and training in rural areas;