The Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Military Command decided to expand the liberated area to the west of An Nhon. Many enemy positions in An Nhon district such as Nhon Phuc, Nhon Khanh, Cay Bong, Nhon My, etc. were in a stalemate between us and the enemy, we attacked, the enemy organized counterattacks. On March 10, we liberated Nhon Phuc.
From March 9, the province's key area 1 opened fire. Our armed units raided and destroyed the enemy in Nui Dat, Thanh Giang, Cat Tuong, and Hoa Dai concentration area. In 2 days, March 9 and 10, 5 communes of Nhon An, Nhon Phong, Cat Nhon, Cat Thang, and Cat Tuong were liberated. On March 11, the enemy sent troops to relieve the area, but were ambushed and completely destroyed by district forces in Cat Tuong. In a winning position, guerrillas from 2 communes of Cat Hanh and Cat Hiep attacked the enemy in Hoa Dai concentration area, the church, forcing the enemy close to Highway 1. After that, the enemy sent a company to relieve the 3 southern communes, which were completely destroyed by Phu Cat district troops.
Having failed in all directions in both holding and retaking, the enemy was bewildered by our army's relentless attacks. From March 16, in Tuy Phuoc, the provincial and district armed forces simultaneously attacked and destroyed many positions such as Loc Ngai (Phuoc Hiep), Dinh Thien (Phuoc Quang), Tuy Phuoc district town, Go Boi, Banh It tower, Truong Uc, Phuoc Hiep commune headquarters, Xuan My village (Phuoc Son), and Phuoc Hiep commune was liberated. At this point, the liberated area of the province was linked from Tuy Phuoc, An Nhon, and Phu Cat.
In the northern districts of the province: guerrillas worked hard to coordinate with provincial armed units and local troops by attacking the enemy at the Doi Mieu checkpoint, My Chanh commune headquarters, and Suoi Xen bridge (My Binh). Guerrillas in communes with Highway 1 running through them vigorously organized to destroy the enemy, supporting thousands of people in My Chanh, My Quang, My Tai, and My Loc communes to surround and force the retreat of checkpoints in the communes.
In Hoai Nhon, 3 armed forces competed to kill the enemy and gain achievements. The first was the sound of gunfire from Battalion 53 at Tan Thanh hamlet 5 and Mr. Tuan's rice mill. Next, the district engineering company destroyed the Cay Le post (Hoai Thanh), Hoai Thanh guerrillas attacked the enemy at Ngoc An hamlet 8 and at the same time supported the masses.
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The first phase of the 1975 Spring-Summer Campaign ended in victory. News of our victory throughout the South also poured in. Implementing the Military Region's order to seize the common opportunity, creating an opportunity to directly liberate Zone 5 in the shortest time possible. The Provincial Party Committee Standing Committee and the Provincial Military Command were determined to liberate the province with the available forces. According to the plan, we would occupy the starting position (Phuoc Hau) to advance into Quy Nhon town. This position was taken over by Regiment 93. The armed forces, Battalions 51 and 405, captured Phuoc Long, Phuoc An, and Tay An Nhon as flanks for Regiment 93; Regiment 92 was tasked with capturing Deo Nhong and Nui Nung, cutting off Route 1 to prevent the enemy from sending rescue troops from the North of the province; coordinating with the concentrated units of the province, district troops, and guerrillas to support the people in attacking and destroying the enemy in all areas.
Accordingly, in the second phase, the provincial armed forces used guerrilla warfare combined with uprisings to simultaneously attack enemy positions from Hoai Nhon to Phu My and Phu Cat. Wherever we attacked, we liberated the districts. Division 3 coordinated with a number of provincial armed units to intercept the enemy's retreat route at Go Quanh airport, west of Binh Khe. Wherever the enemy lost and fled, the people and guerrillas rose up to capture the remaining troops and occupy the outposts. At 6:00 a.m. on March 30, the D30 Special Forces Company ambushed and destroyed a militia platoon in Tay Dinh (Phuoc Hau). The springboard to liberate Quy Nhon town had opened, the opportunity to liberate the province had appeared, the Provincial Party Committee Standing Committee and the Provincial Military Command issued the order to liberate Quy Nhon. At 12:30 p.m. on March 31, the gunshots to liberate Quy Nhon began, armed units simultaneously attacked the strongholds in and around Quy Nhon town. At 12:00 p.m. on March 31, the revolutionary flag flew on the roof of the provincial governor's palace. At 6:00 a.m. on April 1, 1975, the liberation flag flew over all enemy bases, offices, and headquarters. The enemy remnants were attacked, surrounded, and completely wiped out by us at
16:00 April 1, 1975.
Chapter 2 Summary
Under the close leadership of Party committees at all levels, especially under the direct and wise leadership of the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee, the guerrilla warfare movement in the province has developed increasingly strongly, becoming a direct lever to gradually defeat the US strategy of "Vietnamization of the war" in Binh Dinh. During the period from 1969 to 1975, the Provincial Party Committee clearly demonstrated its ability and intelligence in leading the guerrilla warfare movement. Especially in the 1975 Spring-Summer campaign, on the basis of creating opportunities and identifying the right time, the Provincial Party Committee mobilized the entire Party, the entire army, and the entire people of Binh Dinh to seize the opportunity to quickly and completely liberate the province.
CHAPTER 3: SOME COMMENTS AND EXPERIENCES
3.1. SOME COMMENTS
3.1.1. Advantages
As early as 1954, when the US carried out its plot of a new colonial war of aggression in South Vietnam, they quickly established a reactionary puppet apparatus in Binh Dinh. A series of war strategies with brutal tricks of the US and the Republic of Vietnam did not frighten the army and people of Binh Dinh. Throughout the resistance war, under the wise leadership, bravery and intelligence of the Provincial Party Committee, the army and people of Binh Dinh won many important victories, contributing to the overall victory of the whole country, creating the Great Spring Victory of 1975. During the 10 years of leading the guerrilla warfare movement from 1965 to 1975, the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee had many advantages, the most prominent of which are:
First: Creatively applying the policies of the Party Central Committee, the Regional Party Committee, and the Military Region V Military Committee, the guerrilla warfare movement gradually achieved important victories.
Like other localities in the South and Military Region V, right from the first days of fighting the Americans, following the call of the Party Central Committee and President Ho Chi Minh, Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee determined that the only way in Binh Dinh at that time was to mobilize the people in the province to stand up and fight against the Americans and their lackeys to liberate the province. The only method of war at that time was guerrilla warfare. The general method of this type of war was summarized by the Party and Uncle Ho right from the time our people fought against the French. However, each region has different characteristics in terms of terrain, population situation, etc., so the form of guerrilla warfare in each locality also has different points.
During the last 10 years of the resistance war against the US to save the country in Binh Dinh, the Provincial Party Committee skillfully led the guerrilla warfare movement in the province to carry out the orders of the Military Region, while gradually solving the requirements and tasks of the people.
specific tasks of the provincial revolution. Military Region 5 is one of the strategic areas of the Southern revolution in the resistance war against the US to save the country. Binh Dinh is one of the provinces with a particularly important position in Military Region 5. Therefore, since 1965, when the US directly sent US expeditionary troops and allied troops into South Vietnam, under the direction of the Central Committee, the Ministry of National Defense and the Military Region 5 Party Committee directed the establishment of Division 3 (September 1965) in Ba Boi forest (Hoai An, Binh Dinh). Regiments 2, 12, 22 of Division 3 are always on duty in Binh Dinh province. Therefore, the leadership of the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee and the struggle of the people and soldiers of Binh Dinh province always receive close attention and direction from the Military Region 5 Party Committee. All policies, leadership and direction of the Military Region 5 Party Committee are quickly applied and implemented by the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee. However, it is worth noting that, in the process of leading the people in the province to conduct guerrilla warfare against the invasion war of the US and its henchmen, the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee did not stop at applying the policies and guidelines of the Party Central Committee and the Military Region 5 Committee, but applied those policies and guidelines creatively in accordance with the specific requirements and tasks of the revolution in the province. The reality of the last 10 years of the resistance war against the US to save the country in Binh Dinh clearly demonstrated this. For example, in the two counter-offensives of the dry season of 1965-1966 and 1966-1967 by the US, the US and its allies launched a series of sweeps in an attempt to destroy our revolutionary forces (especially our main forces). To deal with this plot and action of the US, the Military Commission of Military Region 5 advocated launching a series of campaigns before, during and after the US's dry season counter-attacks in order to greatly destroy the enemy's forces, implementing the slogan "find the US to fight, find the puppets to destroy". Under that direction of Military Region 5, the Party Committee of Binh Dinh province organized leadership and direction for the armed forces and people in the province (especially in the northern districts of the province) to coordinate with the forces of Division 3 to destroy the enemy, and to direct the armed forces in the province to organize independent battles in order to draw the enemy out to fight.
carried out the mission of destroying the US army, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the South Korean army, protecting the liberated areas, fighting against enemy sweeps, and restoring the revolutionary movement in the southern districts of the province. In 1969, the Provincial Party Committee led and directed the provincial armed forces to carry out 4 major campaigns organized by Military Region 5. At the same time, the Provincial Party Committee also launched 2 more campaigns to win and keep the people. In the 1972 campaign, according to the Resolution of the Central Committee on launching a strategic attack to gain decisive victory. In Binh Dinh, the Provincial Party Committee set out the requirements: liberating and gaining mastery, contesting the majority of the countryside... This Resolution of the province became a solid lever to bring the army and people in the province forward to liberate a large, continuous area in the communes from the east and west of An Nhon to the northeast of Binh Khe. A large strategic area in the North of the province, including the two districts of Hoai Nhon and Hoai An and seven communes in the North of Phu My district, was completely liberated, becoming a solid springboard for the army and people in the province to penetrate deep into the liberating districts in the South of the province. At the end of 1974, the Party Central Committee issued a Resolution on the liberation of the South. In the spirit of this direction, through the comprehensive activities of Spring-Summer 1975 to explore the position and strength of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in Binh Dinh, the Provincial Party Committee quickly determined to liberate the province in the Spring of 1975. On March 31, 1975, Quy Nhon town was completely liberated, marking the complete victory of the army and people of Binh Dinh in the resistance war against the US to save the country. Binh Dinh became one of the localities that completed the liberation revolution early in South Vietnam.
Second: Gradually perfect the leadership and direction apparatus of the guerrilla warfare movement; promote the capacity and intelligence of local Party committees for the guerrilla warfare movement.
The apparatus that directly led and directed the guerrilla warfare movement in Binh Dinh was the military command apparatus at all levels. In reality, the construction and consolidation of the military command apparatus at all levels in Binh Dinh was carried out in parallel with the process of promoting the construction of the province's three armed forces. In June 1960, at the
At the 3rd Congress of the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Party Committee directed the establishment of the Provincial Military Committee. This event marked the milestone for the complete formation of the military command apparatus at all levels in Binh Dinh during the resistance war against the US to save the country. The armed forces were also established to become the vanguard army to launch the guerrilla war movement in Binh Dinh. By 1965, Binh Dinh Provincial Military Command had established 2 infantry battalions, Battalion 50 (established in 1963) and Battalion 52 (established in 1965), in addition to armed companies and platoons. From the concentrated armed forces, they were gradually organized into specialized units such as commandos, engineers, reconnaissance, anti-aircraft units, etc. The militia and guerrilla forces were no exception to this organization method. At first, the guerrillas were known for two ways of organization: concentrated guerrillas and semi-concentrated guerrillas. By 1968, Binh Dinh had organized special guerrillas, engineer guerrillas, specialized shooting guerrillas, secret guerrillas, etc.
However, the armed forces units in Binh Dinh at this stage were mainly small, commonly platoons and companies, and the political agency was not yet complete. In each local armed unit, there were 2 managers in 2 different areas: one person was responsible for the military aspect and the other person was responsible for the political and ideological work of the unit in construction as well as in combat.
Local Party committees play an important role in educating political ideology for soldiers, at the same time building and consolidating the leadership and command organization and directly commanding the operations of the armed forces according to the requirements of local political tasks. Promoting the role of local Party committees in the provincial military command apparatus is a great innovation of the Binh Dinh Party Committee. It not only promotes the capacity and intelligence of local Party committees, but also ensures the leadership role of the military command apparatus in the context of a shortage of leaders. In addition to the direct leadership of local Party committees, the armed forces in Binh Dinh also receive close guidance from the Military Region Party Committee and
Ministry of Defense in military terms.
With a fast, tight, and disciplined military management apparatus, the Provincial Military Command and the Standing Committee of the Binh Dinh Provincial Party Committee easily mobilized the coordination of three forces: provincial troops, district troops, and militia and guerrillas in supporting and mobilizing the masses to destroy the enemy, as well as in the fight against the US and its henchmen. Since 1965, when the US directly sent American and allied combat troops into Binh Dinh, the resistance war against the US to save the country of the Binh Dinh army and people encountered many difficulties. In the process of implementing the "local war" strategy, the enemy, with many insidious tricks, caused many serious human losses in Binh Dinh. Besides the sacrifices of the Binh Dinh army and people in general, there was also a significant number of key cadres who fell. When the enemy carried out the strategy of "Vietnamization of the war", the existence of the Phoenix Committee, the spy and secret service system, along with the classification of mass families that the enemy applied, all aimed at destroying our political bases in the countryside. Regardless of the tricks, the enemy's cruel actions sometimes caused serious damage to the Binh Dinh revolution in many places. The streamlined military apparatus encountered many obstacles when it suffered a loss of leadership cadres. For example, after the Mau Than campaign in 1968, in Binh Dinh, up to 744 party members and cadres were sacrificed. Many communes did not have any leaders. However, in the last 10 years of the resistance war against the US in Binh Dinh, thanks to the promotion of political and ideological education, training and professional development for party members and soldiers by Party committees at all levels, the implementation of the policies of the Provincial Party Committee and Military Commission of Zone 5 was always smooth. The shortage of cadres was supplemented promptly, and moreover, the soldiers and civilians in the province fought and sacrificed voluntarily and consciously, which was one of the basic favorable conditions to ensure that the military command apparatus at all levels operated with remarkable effectiveness.
Third: Building a people's war posture, developing guerrilla warfare