Ancestor Worship and Separation of Ancestral Houses of the Dao Quan Chet People in Ba Vi

Full name	Year of birth	Sex	Nation	Place of residence	Job
13	Tomb of Van Doanh	1978	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
14	Trieu Thuy Doanh	1977	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Commune population officer
15	Ly Huu Dung	1983	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Soldier
16	Trieu Thi Duyen	1978	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
17	Duong Phu Dat	1984	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
18	Trieu Duc Doan	1963	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
19	Trieu Sinh Duc	1955	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
20	German Millionaire	1953	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, retired
21	Dang Van Giap	1984	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
22	Dang Thi Ha	1989	Female	Knife	Hop Son village, Ba Vi commune	Sell
23	Tomb of Van Ha	1972	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Commune Secretary
24	Trieu Thi Hang	1979	Female	Knife	Taiwan	Worker
25	Trieu Quang Hoa	1970	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
26	Trieu Thi Hoa	1948	Female	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine

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Full name	Year of birth	Sex	Nation	Place of residence	Job
27	Phung Kim Hung	1991	Male	Knife	Suoi Than Village, Du Sang, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh	Worker
28	Trieu Tien Hung	1941	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, deceased
29	Trieu Thi Huong	1991	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
30	Lee Huu Kien	1985	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Teacher
31	Trieu Sinh Lang	1952	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, retired
32	Duong Trung Lien	1963	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	worship, commune president
33	Phung Thi Mai	1965	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
34	Trieu Thi Minh	1957	Female	Knife	Hop Son village, Ba Vi commune	Farming
35	Trieu Thi Mui	1981	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
36	Trieu Thi Ninh	1958	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
37	Trieu Thi Noi	1940	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
38	The Idle Millionaire	1961	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Head of the commune's cultural committee, shaman
39	Ly Van Phu	1964	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, village chief of Yen Son
40	Trieu Phuc Phuong	1941	Male	Knife	Suoi Than village, Du Sang commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa	Shaman

Full name	Year of birth	Sex	Nation	Place of residence	Job
					Jar
41	Duong Kim Quan	1944	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
42	Dang Trung Sau	1978	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
43	Trieu Thi Suu	1950	Female	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
44	Trieu Quang Tai	1987	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Sell
45	Duong Duc Tien	1944	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, deceased
46	Phung Thi Tien	1935	Female	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	At home
47	Phung Van Tinh	1974	Male	Knife	Suoi Than Village, Du Sang, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh	Teacher
48	Trieu Thi Toan	1944	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	At home
49	Ly Sinh Tuat	1972	Male	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Doctor
50	Duong Thi Thang	1948	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
51	Phung Thi Thang	1952	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
52	Phung Thi Thanh	1979	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
53	Trieu Thi Thanh	1950	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
54	Trieu Duc Thanh	1965	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune,	Shaman,

Full name	Year of birth	Sex	Nation	Place of residence	Job
					Ba Vi district, Hanoi	Head of Hop Nhat village
55	Trieu Van Thanh	1968	Male	Knife	Suoi Than Hamlet, Du Sang Commune, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh	Farming
56	Duong Trung Thanh	1965	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
57	Dang Xuan Thanh	1957	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
58	Trieu Tai Thanh	1937	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
59	Millionaire City	1960	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
60	Ly Van Thang	1957	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
61	Phung Thi Thang	1952	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Making herbal medicine
62	Millionaire Wins	1935	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
63	Duong Trung Tho	1969	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
64	Ly Van Tho	1959	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman, retirement
65	Cinnamon Tree	1967	Male	Ten	Coc Dong Tam Village, Minh Quang Commune, Ba Vi, Hanoi	Trade
66	Duong Thi Thuy	1999	Female	Knife	Yen Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
67	Ly Huu Van	1992	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming

Full name	Year of birth	Sex	Nation	Place of residence	Job
68	Ly Thi Van	1989	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
69	Trieu Tai Vi	1963	Male	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Shaman
70	Lee Sinh Vuong	1961	Male	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Vice Chairman of the Commune
71	Dang Thi Xuan	1967	Female	Knife	Hop Nhat Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
72	Ly Thi Xuan	1983	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Farming
73	Trieu Thi Xuan	1978	Female	Knife	Hop Son Village, Ba Vi Commune, Ba Vi District, Hanoi	Medico

APPENDIX 2: NOTES

1. The story of the origin of Ban Vuong

According to the story, Ban Ho is a three-meter-long dragon dog with black fur, yellow stripes, smooth as velvet that descended from the sky and was loved and raised in the palace by Binh Hoang. One day, Binh Hoang received an imperial edict from Cao Vuong. Binh Hoang immediately gathered all the mandarins to discuss a plan to destroy the Cao family, but no one could come up with a plan. Meanwhile, the dragon dog Ban Ho jumped out of the golden palace into the dragon yard and knelt down to ask to kill Cao Vuong. Before Ban Ho left, the king promised that if he succeeded, he would marry a palace maid (some documents say it was a princess). Ban Ho swam across the sea for 7 days and 7 nights to where Cao Vuong lived. Cao Vuong saw the beautiful dog prostrating in front of the dragon yard and thought it was a good omen, so he brought it into the palace to raise. One day, Cao Vuong was drunk, Ban Ho bit Cao Vuong to death, grabbed his head and brought it back to report his achievement to Binh Hoang. Ban Ho took the palace maid and brought her to Coi Ke mountain (Zhejiang) to live. Ban Ho and his wife soon gave birth to 6 sons and 6 daughters. Binh Hoang granted the descendants of Ban Vuong 12 clans, the eldest son took his father's surname, and the second sons took their names as their clans, including: Ban, Lan, Man, Uyen, Dang, Tran, Luong, Tong, Phuong, Doi, Luu, Trieu.

The descendants of Ban Vuong multiplied day by day. During the Hong Vu dynasty (1368 - 1398), there was a drought for 3 consecutive years with nothing to eat. The king had to give each of Ban Vuong's descendants an axe and a machete to cut down trees in the forest to make traps. Ban Vuong's descendants cleared all the king's mountains such as: Kim Son, Ngan Son, Long Bao, Ho Bao, O Nha, Giao Son, then the wild mountains in Quang Dong, Huguang, Thiem Tay, Van Nam, Quy Chau,...

The descendants of Ban Vuong continued to increase in number, forcing the king to issue a decree to "Qua Son Bang" to disperse to different places to find food [24, pp.19-20].

2. The story of the Dao people's sea crossing

The Dao people migrated to Vietnam by sea for many reasons such as war, drought, and crop failure. After many months at sea, the fleet suddenly

The Dao clan encountered a storm, with strong winds and waves that threatened to sink their boats, threatening the lives of the Dao clan. In the crisis, the Dao clan prayed to Ban Vuong and their ancestors to help them overcome the disaster and promised to hold a thanksgiving ceremony. Most of the Dao clans promised to hold a jumping festival. The prayer was answered, and from then on, according to their promise, the Dao clans held a jumping festival to thank their ancestors, but depending on each clan's promise, the cycle of holding a jumping festival was different, usually every 10 - 15 years.

3. Ancestor worship and separation of ancestral houses of the Dao Quan Chet people in Ba Vi

The Dao people in Ba Vi believe that there are two types of houses: big houses (tầm peo) and small houses (pèo liu). Big houses have an ancestral altar (tía ngày) of the family. The altar is structured like a wooden cabinet, with 2 floors and no doors. It is placed in the left or right corner of the partition between the outer and inner rooms. In small houses, the altar is a bamboo panel (peng) placed in the same position as the tia ngày but hung on the wall to worship ancestors. When there is a ceremony, the small houses gather at the big house - where there is an ancestral altar to perform the ceremony.

In addition, the Dao Ba Vi people have the custom of separating the ancestral house. The children are allowed to establish a new ancestral house for their family according to a mandatory process. First, find the ancestral house (set up an altar) -> call say -> hao sung (small ceremony) -> buy a small set of paintings (hay say) -> open the paintings -> tan dan dang -> pestle pay dang (small ceremony) -> pay respect to the ancestral god for the first time -> buy paintings -> open the paintings (1 day 1 night) -> dance festival (previously done 3 times in 3 years: the first year 1 day 1 night, the second year 2 days 2 nights, the third year 3 days 3 nights; now combined, done only once in 3 days 3 nights) -

> bestowing a title on a son -> chong pestle (2nd visit to the grave) -> pestle pi dang (big ceremony) -> third visit to the grave (butchering a buffalo). Only after going through these steps can the ancestral house be completed.

After the ancestral altar is completed, the family can perform the rituals at home without having to go to the family's ancestral house. Each son in the family, when getting married and living on his own, wishes to separate from the ancestral house for the convenience of worship and performing the rituals. Depending on each person's conditions, this will happen quickly or slowly. However, it must still be done in the order of the brothers in the family (the older brother's family separates first, then the younger family).

4. The shamans and their responsibilities in the initiation ceremony

To perform the coming-of-age ceremony, the homeowner invites 7 shamans, each in charge of a different job. The most important are the first and second shamans who preside over the rituals. The person who receives the coming-of-age ceremony will accept the shamans as his/her father-in-law (sây páp) , and study with them for life. Therefore, the person receiving the ceremony will choose very carefully the shaman's ability, moral qualities, ancestral home, as well as who they trust the most to be their teacher. When inviting the first and second shamans, the person receiving the ceremony will bring a little salt wrapped in dong leaves and a red thread (for the first shaman) and a blue or white thread (for the second shaman). When the shamans have accepted the salt and thread, it means that they have agreed to perform the ritual. No matter what happens to the family (including a relative passing away), the shaman must put it aside and do the work he/she has agreed to do, then return to take care of the family. Unless the shaman is no longer there, the homeowner will invite someone else to replace him.

For the remaining 5 shamans, the person receiving the ceremony does not need to bring salt and only when invited. If the shamans' families have a funeral or an unfortunate event, the person receiving the ceremony can invite another shaman to replace them. Before performing the ceremony, the person receiving the ceremony pours wine to invite the shamans, when they accept the cup of wine, it means they agree to perform the ritual.

The duties of the 7 teachers are respectively defined as follows:

The high priest ( Chi Chieu Say ): takes charge of and takes over all the main work of the ceremony.

Master two ( diên Chải say ): responsible for granting the title to the person receiving the ceremony. Master three ( chếnh mếnh say ): person who witnesses the entire event. Master four ( pu cày say ): responsible for welcoming the family gods and holy places.

Mr. Nam ( just don't say ): kitchen master, in charge of related work

to the preparation of offerings in the ceremony

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