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Learn about the historical and cultural values of Lo Khe Ca Tru village, Lien Ha commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi - 4 -
Current Status of Exploiting Dong Mon Ca Tru in Life and Tourism Activities -
Developing tourism in Ca Mau province in a sustainable direction - 16 -
Crocodile Bones Removed Marrow, Fat and Meat (Source: Hoa Ca Crocodile Company Limited, 2014) -
Instrumental music composition style of 3 musicians - Quang Hai, Nguyen Van Nam, Ca Le Thuan - 12
I wish I could fulfill my longing and longing again. The bell rings on a winter night. I feel the hearts of those waiting on the riverbeds. I ask about my relatives and strangers.
The moon's shadow reveals whether the grass likes it or not Every night I think of the Milky Way's shadow I've been looking at the North Star for three full years The mountains have worn away but my love has not worn away The water flows from Cao Khe, my heart is still the same Love letter sent to fish and birds
Birds seek deep mountains, fish seek deep abysses. Fate is for understanding each other.
One day the magpie built a bridge over the Milky Way.
The communal house singing program here is considered to have changed from a solemn and respectful religious ritual to a cultural festival aimed at serving the main audience of the villagers.
Bo bo dance, bai bong dance and tu linh dance combine to form the highlight of the festival. This performance of music and dance has become a distinct folk cultural activity, attracting people from surrounding villages to come and watch with excitement, satisfying to some extent the aesthetic and entertainment needs of the masses who are very fond of literature and art.
Singing and dancing
After the Dai Thach song, next is the Bo Bo dance, a form that combines singing and dancing. In particular, it depicts the atmosphere of production labor such as spinning and spinning.
silk weaving, tea picking, snail catching, ... or praising martial spirit, sword training, gun training, ready to fight against invaders.
Four, six or eight geisha (depending on their abilities) stand in two rows facing each other, singing and dancing. Standing up, sitting down, spreading their hands, they make gestures to match the song to their daily activities, work or fighting.
The singing and dancing has two parts: the opening part is the singing and the main part is the dancing and singing, consisting of 5 sections.
Introduction:
Five watches sitting waiting for the moon's shadow (the girls sit down) Five watches sitting waiting to relieve sadness
Sorrowful memories (all the girls stand up)
Hand holding a wine gourd and a bag of poems (hand gesture of holding a wine gourd and a bag of poems) Alone, leisurely, relieving worries and troubles (the girls walked leisurely)
Thread a needle (right hand like holding a thread, left hand like holding a needle to thread together)
Sitting on the summer sun sewing (right hand holding needle as if sewing into fabric)
We shoot the stork with our bow (the girls stand up and raise their hands as if shooting an arrow). The stork dives, the stork swims, the stork flies (the girls spread their hands out, raise and lower them like the stork swimming and wave them around like the stork flying).
Main part (including 5 sections) Section I
Love and Tang Tinh (the girls all dance)
I went to the market to see (I looked while walking)
Seeing the mandarin practicing, oh, there is an archery tower (pointing up) Giong the pink horse (walking like riding a horse)
Mao tien mao hau (turning forward, turning back) Martial god wearing a black robe on his shoulder (two hands on his hips) Flag on his shoulder (two hands on his shoulders)
Coming soon
The gun is loaded (hands make a loading gesture) The sword is drawn (sword is drawn)
Carrying a wooden stick under one's armpit
The school bell rang (walking fast, hands making a fighting gesture).
The words he told her flew away (pretending to nod) The drums beat boom boom (pretending to beat the drums) The drums urged boom boom
Urging to walk faster (the girls all gathered together and walked quickly) The gun fired from behind (pretending to be panicked)
The drums beat, urging our troops to advance (move quickly).
We fight this battle (pretend to fight) Chase away the foreign country (pretend to chase away the enemy)
It's worth the effort to sharpen the sword (pretend to sharpen the sword)
In addition to the two arrangements above, at the end of the dance, the actress both dances and sings.
Three more games are planned called Drunkard, Crazy Peach, and Hunter to add to the fun of the festival.
Bong Dance
The Bai Bong dance is more complicated and expensive than the Bo Bo dance, so the Bai Bong dance is only held during big village festivals.
According to legend, the Bai Bong dance originated during the Tran Dynasty, created by the brothers, General Tran Quang Khai and Tran Nhat Duat, for the army and female singers to dance and sing in the palace. During the Le - Nguyen Dynasty, it was revised, and in 1940, Mr. Duong Ngoc from Ha Phong village, not knowing where he got the script, went to Lo Khe to teach it.
The old mandarins and clan leaders in Lo Khe explained: "Bai" means to display, to arrange in rows. "Bong" means flower, implying that the female singers and dancers are as beautiful as flowers.
The Bai Bong Dance is often performed on moonlit nights to add more charm.
The majestic and splendid part, the dancing team's lights shimmering with the stars and moonlight is very suitable for the worship days of January 10 and August 10.
The costumes of the Bai Bong dance team are quite special, with many bright colors. The head wears a lotus-shaped phoenix hat embroidered with sparkling glitter. The body wears a bright red Ma Tien shirt also embroidered with glitter, with many tassels made of flour grains attached underneath, with 8 colorful silk strips tied around the body, divided equally and long enough to reach the heels, and a silk scarf or gauze scarf of a different color tied around the waist to make it stand out. The pants are black with tight legs, white socks, and the feet wear embroidered shoes. When dancing, the tassels spread out and flutter. The hands hold a Chinese fan, the shoulders rest on a very pretty carrying pole, and the two ends wear colorful lanterns, with candles lit inside or two rows of beautifully arranged flowers, some wearing lanterns and others wearing flower rows arranged alternately.
Before the dance, the team lines up outside the communal house yard. The military commander beats the big drum to keep the rhythm, the actors play the two-stringed fiddle, play the flute and beat the small drum. The middle-aged female singer sits and beats the clappers, the musicians play in harmony, and the flower team walks in single file in front of the altar, their hands holding fans above their heads.
The dance formation follows the music as the standard, moving forward, backward, fast or slow, all following the command of the drums, the lively or leisurely music. When turning, only turn half of the body, do not turn your back to the altar. The dance movements require synchronized rhythm, flexibility and balance to avoid knocking over candles, burning lamps, or dropping flowers.
The Bai Bong Dance opens with a very high-pitched opening song, mainly praising and congratulating the villagers, such as:
"The song "Bong dances and sings at the communal house gate"
Congratulations to the people of the village, eternal glory, talented men and women compete happily
The one who offers holy wine, the one who sits on the altar of immortals, old age healthy and long life
Young people with high academic achievements make a career for their family.
Now sing and dance
Happy prosperous village, happy rich family, happy and healthy people
The song "Bong Vu Khuc" opens the opening. Then he continued singing a few lines in a loud voice.
As I am now, you have given me the title of Ngo Bieu, also known as Tien Dong.
Songs from the north, south, east and west, all dance and sing to celebrate the king's health and longevity.
After finishing the sentence, the two rows of dancers stood up, opened their fans and danced, taking short steps, dancing and singing to the rhythm of the lute, clappers and drums.
The Bài Bông dance has 3 sets. After the 3 sets are danced, the fan is opened and the drums and clappers are urged continuously. The feet move on their heels and the hands dance like butterflies flying in circles. They bow their heads to thank the Holy Spirit and then leave the mat without turning their backs to the palace. The gongs and drums end the dance.
Four Sacred Animals music and dance
According to the elders, the 12-family sect in the old district had dances, but at Lo Khe communal house, they usually did not dance the Four Sacred Animals but only danced the Bai Bong, Bo Bo, and Vu Nhac to the altar.
The Four Spirits Dance involves four dancers wearing the heads of four animals: Crane (replacing Dragon), Phoenix, Unicorn, and Turtle. Their feet dance to the rhythm of the animals. This dance symbolizes the four sacred animals gathered in a ceremony to worship the gods in the communal house yard.
2.3.3.2. Singing Competition
The Hat Thi was aimed at selecting talented actors and actresses. In the past, if a geisha had not passed this exam, she would not be recognized as knowing how to sing. The last exam at Lo Khe communal house was held nearly 60 years ago.
In addition to the local guild's doubles, guilds from neighboring provinces
also attended the Singing contest at Lo Khe communal house gate, because this is the homeland of the Holy Master.
Every year, when the Lo Khe guild plans to organize a singing competition, it must notify distant places in advance to let the actors and actresses register for the singing competition. Before organizing the singing competition, a red square piece of paper with the four words “bạch nghệ thông hành” (a hundred arts) written diagonally must be pasted on the pillars of the communal house and the middle room so that the places can know and come to attend. The villagers and the guild elect four officials who are knowledgeable in singing and music to be on the Judging Board. The Judging Board elects a chief judge and posts the following rules of the singing competition at the communal house:
1. How many Chau thi, Chau cam and Phuc hach ky are planned to be sung? Which nights and days are the Chau sang scheduled for?
2. Names of the actors and actresses who participated in the Chau Thi singing contest
3. How many couples sing each round? Which couple sings and when?
4. Taboo words to avoid
5. Husbands are forbidden to play music and wives to sing, and older brothers are forbidden to play music and younger brothers are forbidden to sing to avoid supporting each other.
Each singing contest has its own prize system. From first prize, second prize, third prize to tenth prize. If there are many contestants, four or five additional “Thiem thu” (extra) prizes can be given as encouragement.
Singing competitions must include all the ca tru styles, so they usually last 5, 7 or 10 days, depending on the number of participants.
Hat Thi at the communal house gate has 4 periods: Van, Chau thi, Chau cam and Phuc hach.
Postscript
Before selecting candidates for the singing competition, the judges will briefly examine the candidates' qualifications to eliminate the weak ones.
The late singer sang a few lines to send a letter, Thong, Thien Thai. The actor sang a few lines of poetry. The actor and actress passed the late song to show that they were capable of knowing the singing style.
Exam
Only after passing the Van period, being certified by the judges and having their names posted on the board, can they enter the Chau contest to sing. The Chau contest has 28 pieces and each piece is divided into pieces for the actors or actresses to sing as follows:
- Singer: Head teacher, Ca đàn, poetry, singing a verse, singing and speaking, teaching the study room, Hà nam a verse, speaking Hà nam, reading and reciting poems, reciting poems.
- Singer: Poetry room, Ha lieu one sentence, say Ha lieu, point three hands, incense music, wish Tam thanh, scream music, chant, bac phan, muou, sing and speak, three-tone rhythm of the north or now when, dai thach, trap, send letter, play soldier.
- The actors and actresses sing together: "Dung huynh, noi luon."
Cha Cha Cam
Only after passing the Chau Thi singing exam can the actors and actresses be admitted to Chau Cam. Chau Cam has the following 17 songs: Ngam sang hat giai, Hat giai mot cau, Hat noi giai, Xuong tang, Tung tu dan, Doc phu, Can dau hat giai, Ma thuong kieu, Ha lieu cau mot, Noi Ha lieu, Troi tay ba, Hat su va dua su, Can dau hat truyen, Hat truyen, Dung huynh, Phan huynh, Lam choi vui.
Lymph nodes
The two actors who have just passed the Chau Cam can be re-examined so that the judges can consider the pros and cons and decide on the first and second prizes.
When a singer enters a singing competition, if he can play the instrument but sings poorly, the judges will choose someone else to sing instead. If he can sing but plays the instrument poorly, they will choose someone else to play instead.
Singing is the first standard, beauty is the second standard. Moral character is the third standard. The council considers singing ability first, then beauty.
The first prize winner in the singing contest is called the Valedictorian; the second prize winner is called the Runner-up.
At the closing ceremony, the newly graduated ladies, dressed neatly and politely, lined up in pairs at the communal house to offer incense, while dancing and singing. At the head of the left row was the valedictorian, followed by the ladies who won third, fourth, fifth, and sixth prizes. At the head of the right row was the runner-up, followed by the ladies who won seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth prizes. The next morning, the actors and actresses came to receive their awards and attend the banquet. After receiving their awards, the first-placed ladies sat on one side, and the actors and actresses sat on the other side.
2.3.3.3. Ancestor worship singing at Lo Khe choir temple
Ancestor worship singing is an annual activity within the profession. According to custom,
Neighboring parishes in an area often organize together, rarely doing it separately.
In the past, the Lo Khe guild held a ceremony to honor the founder Thanh Xa Dai Vuong and Princess Man Duong Hoa on the birthday of the king, April 6, and the day the two founders passed away, November 13, at the church. About a month before the anniversary, the clan leaders gathered to arrange for talented actors from all over to come and sing. No matter how far away the actors were, the guild had to find them to come and sing. Those who were able to come and sing considered it an honor, the guild called it being able to attend the Chau Cu.
Ancestor worship singing includes all kinds of dancing and singing, like a festival of the guild, both to show gratitude to the saint and to serve the villagers.
Like other professions, the ancestor worship day of Ca Tru is an opportunity for the artists of the guild to compete in showing off their talents and report their achievements to the ancestors. Therefore, on the occasion of the ancestor worship day, the actors and actresses show off all their talents and enthusiasm to report to the ancestral altar, to the village chief, clan leader and villagers, and at the same time review their expertise and strengthen solidarity and mutual love among the clans.
Singing to worship ancestors is different from singing to worship Thanh Hoang at the communal house. When starting to sing, the actors and actresses always recite the two songs Non Mai and Hong Hanh. The actors and actresses attending the ceremony only recite Non Mai and Hong Hanh when singing to worship ancestors at Ca Cong temple. Other than that, they never sing these two songs at any communal house or temple gate, and they are not allowed to sing them for anyone to hear. For a simple reason, these two songs were composed by the guild's founders, so they are only sung to worship ancestors.
2.3.4. Unique value of Ca Tru
2.3.4.1. Cultural values
Ca Tru is a unique art form of Vietnamese culture. The ancient and classic Ca Tru seems to be hidden in the sediment of Vietnamese culture. The flexible way of behaving in Ca Tru makes many people who enjoy it realize that there seems to be no boundary between the singer and the listener. Is this true?