Tourism development in Hai Phong in the context of international integration

Cat Ba Island, along with Do Son and Ha Long, has become one of the country's international tourist centers.

In recent years, especially in the context of increasingly deep international integration, Hai Phong has always been an ideal destination for domestic and foreign tourists to have the opportunity to explore the unique features of eco-tourism. Hai Phong's tourism products are increasingly diverse and attractive, with a system of sea, islands, temple relics and traditional cultural values of festivals, cultural heritage resources... that has contributed to enriching the tours in the area. That development has created encouraging business efficiency, contributing significantly to the total social product, as well as the city's budget. Currently, Hai Phong is planning the Do Son tourist area, and at the same time building a project to submit to UNESCO to recognize Cat Ba as a World Natural Heritage.

However, Hai Phong tourism still has many limitations and weaknesses. These are: not fully exploiting its potential and advantages; planning work has not kept up with the rapid development momentum, and is still largely spontaneous. Hai Phong tourism is not well promoted, lacking unique tourism products and strong brands to be competitive domestically, let alone internationally. Attracting and mobilizing investment capital in the tourism sector is still modest, so there are no large projects to highlight the development of the industry. As a large city, a type 1 urban area, the city still does not have a 5-star hotel, directly limiting the organization of major international events in Hai Phong. The tourism workforce is both lacking and weak in most technical and professional fields. Although tourism management has made efforts, there are still many shortcomings...

International integration is an objective trend, requiring countries and territories to promote cooperation while increasing competitive pressure and interdependence, posing new opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's tourism industry in general and Hai Phong tourism in particular. Therefore, analyzing the current status of Hai Phong tourism is necessary and important to find out the strengths and weaknesses in

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develop tourism economy, on that basis, propose feasible solutions for tourism development in Hai Phong in the context of international integration as today. Therefore, the topic "Tourism development in Hai Phong in the context of international integration" has urgent significance in both theory and practice.

2. Research situation

Tourism is a field that has attracted the attention of many scientists from many different perspectives. Up to now, there have been many authors, books, articles, theses and scientific works addressing the issue of tourism development such as:

“Developing tourism economy in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province”, Master's thesis in Economics by Tran Quoc Nhat, 1995.

“Service and tourism economy of Ninh Binh province”, Master's thesis in Economics by Hoang Duc Cuong, 1999.

“Hai Phong Tourism - Current situation, directions and solutions”, Master's thesis in Economics by Pham Thi Khanh Ngoc, 1999.

“Developing tourism economy of Vinh Phuc province - potential and solutions”, Master's thesis in economics by Tran Ngoc Tu, 2000.

“Tourism market in Ho Chi Minh city”, Master's thesis in economics by Tran Thanh Binh, 2005.

“Improving the competitiveness of Vietnam tourism in the context of international integration”, Master's thesis in economics by Nguyen Anh Tuan, 2006.

“Tourism resources” by Bui Thi Hai Yen and Pham Hong Long, 2007, Education Publishing House, Hanoi.

“Developing Ninh Binh tourism economy”, Master's thesis in Political Economy by Mai Thi Thanh, 2007.

“Tourism development in Ben Tre province”, Master's thesis in Political Economy by Phan Van Thach, 2009.

In the above research works, the authors have contributed to systematizing theories, reflecting the general issues of Vietnam tourism and the current tourism situation in some localities in the new conditions of the country with many different perspectives and approaches. However, in each locality, due to its own characteristics in terms of natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, there are its own competitive strengths as well as its own challenges in developing local tourism. The application and analysis for each specific locality also need to be further developed, especially in the current conditions of international integration.

In addition to the research works cited above, we must also mention articles in magazines such as: "Vietnam Tourism before new opportunities and new challenges" (Trade 1995 - No. 8, Issue 2);

Article “On export activities and on-site services for foreign tourists in Vietnam” (Plan information No. August 1994);

Article "On tourism orientation in 1996 - 2000" by Dao Thuy Phi (Economics and Forecast Magazine No. 5, 1995);

Article “Rapid, sustainable and healthy development of Vietnam tourism in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country” by author Do Quang Truong (Communist Magazine No. 4, 1996);

Article “Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy 2001 - 2010”, Vietnam Tourism Magazine, 2002

Scientific research topic of Le Thi Lan Huong: "Some solutions to improve the economic efficiency of tourism and high-quality, high-level tourism services serving international integration" in 2003;

Article “Vietnam tourism overcomes challenges and steadily steps forward on the path of integration” by author Vo Thi Thang, Vietnam Tourism Magazine, February 2004;

Article "Innovation in the mechanism to promote Vietnam tourism" by author Pham Huu Minh (Vietnam Tourism Magazine, No. 3, 2007);

Article “Sustainable development of Vietnam tourism in the context of economic integration” by author Nguyen Van Manh, Economic Science Journal, August 2008;

The article “Current situation and development orientation of tourism industry after economic recession” by authors Le Anh Tuan and Pham Manh Cuong (Economic Research Journal No. 10, 2010)…

In the above articles and research topics, the authors have mentioned the general issues of Vietnam tourism from many perspectives such as: tourism development strategy, opportunities and challenges of the tourism industry in the new context of the country, some specific solutions to improve the economic efficiency of tourism, the current situation and orientation of tourism development in the process of international integration...

For Hai Phong, a city with great tourism potential, theoretical and practical research on tourism development from the perspective of political economy still has few scientific works; especially in the current context when our country is in the process of increasingly deep international integration, which has created many opportunities but also posed many challenges for tourism development in Hai Phong.

Therefore, the topic "Tourism development in Hai Phong in the context of international integration" still needs to be further researched and still has theoretical and practical significance.

3. Purpose and tasks of the thesis

3.1. Purpose

Clarifying tourism development in the context of international integration; analyzing the current status of tourism development in Hai Phong; proposing solutions for tourism development in Hai Phong in the current context of international integration, contributing to accelerating the socio-economic growth of Hai Phong.

3.2. Tasks

- Systematize basic theoretical issues on the relationship between tourism development and international integration.

- Assessment of the current status of tourism development in Hai Phong in the period 2001 - 2011, orientation to 2020.

- Analyze the opportunities and challenges for tourism development in Hai Phong in the current context of international integration. On that basis, propose some directions and solutions for tourism development in Hai Phong in the coming time.

4. Research object and scope

4.1. Research subjects

The thesis focuses on researching Hai Phong tourism development in the context of current international integration from a political economic perspective.

4.2. Scope of research

- Space: Research in Hai Phong.

- Time: Period from 2001 to 2011, vision to 2020.

5. Research methods

- Inheriting and applying the achievements of tourism research of the authors, at the same time thoroughly grasping the viewpoints, guidelines and policies of the Party and State on tourism development in our country today.

- Approach the research topic from a dialectical materialist, logical-historical and systematic perspective.

- Use theoretical research methods, collection, classification, analysis, synthesis, comparison... to clarify theoretical issues of the topic.

- Thoroughly grasp some practical research methods such as statistics, analysis of practical data... to find out the strengths, weaknesses and solutions for sustainable development of Hai Phong tourism in the current context of international integration.

6. Contribution of the thesis

- Explain basic theoretical issues on tourism, tourism development; the relationship between international integration and tourism development.

- Point out the shortcomings and limitations in tourism development in Hai Phong. Based on the forecast of Vietnam tourism development, the current situation and development requirements of Hai Phong city's tourism industry in the context of international integration, propose feasible solutions to promote tourism development in Hai Phong city in the coming time to 2020.

- The research results of the thesis can be used as reference material for agencies, departments and branches of the city to serve the planning of policies to promote tourism development in the following years; reference material for universities, colleges and tourism businesses in Hai Phong.

7. Structure of the thesis

- In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, the content of the thesis includes 3 chapters:

Chapter 1: Tourism development in the context of international integration.

Chapter 2: Current status of tourism development in Hai Phong in the context of current international integration.

Chapter 3: Directions and solutions for tourism development in Hai Phong in the current context of international integration.

Chapter 1

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION

1.1. Tourism and tourism development

1.1.1. Tourism

1.1.1.1. Concepts of tourism

Tourism is an activity that has existed for a long time in the history of human development. Nowadays, tourism has become an indispensable need in social life and is developing strongly into a key economic sector in most countries in the world. However, the concept of "Tourism" is understood very differently. The reason is that due to different circumstances (time, area), under each different approach, there is a different understanding of tourism.

- Consider the semantics of the word "Tourism" used in each country.

Tourism is a very popular term, it comes from the Greek word “tonos” which means to go around. This term was Latinized into Turnur and then into “tour” (French) which means to go around, to walk, to depart and “touriste” is a person who goes for a walk. According to Robert Langquar, the word “tourism” first appeared in English around 1800 and was internationalized so many countries used it directly without translating. In Germany, the word “Derfremdenverkehrs” is used to mean that tourism is perceived as the relationship, the movement to go to strange regions and places of the traveler.

In Vietnamese, the term “travel” is translated through Chinese. Du means to go out, and lich means to experience. The Chinese also call tourism “du lam” which means to go out to improve awareness.

Thus, in general, “tourism” is understood as the travel of individuals or groups of people leaving their place for a short period of time to surrounding areas for rest, entertainment or medical treatment. The Chinese have considered tourism to include 5 elements: food, shelter, practice, pleasure, and medicine. Traveling is to be

Taste delicious food, stay in comfortable rooms, travel in luxury vehicles, have fun and entertainment, and have the opportunity to shop for goods and clothes...

- Considered from the perspective of different subjects and tasks of those subjects when participating in "tourism activities". For tourists, it is a journey and stay at a place outside their regular residence to satisfy their material and spiritual needs. For tourism business owners, it is the process of organizing production and service conditions to serve tourists in order to maximize profits. For local authorities with tourist sites, it is the organization of infrastructure, material and technical facilities to serve tourists; organizing diverse business activities to support tourists' accommodation and journey; organizing the consumption of locally produced products, increasing revenue for residents, for the budget, improving the living standards of residents; organizing state administrative management activities to protect the natural and social environment of the region, etc.

- From different perspectives and approaches, there are many different definitions of tourism. Over the past 7 decades, since the establishment of the International Union of Official Travel Organization (IUOTO) in 1925 in the Netherlands - the predecessor of the WTO, many organizations and individuals have proposed different concepts.

In 1963, with the aim of internationalization, at the United Nations Conference on Tourism held in Rome, experts defined tourism as follows: "Tourism is the sum of relationships, phenomena and economic activities arising from the travel and stay of individuals or groups outside their usual place of residence or outside their country for peaceful purposes. The place they go to stay is not their place of work".

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