First of all, traders, through tourism economic relations are formed. Tourism is a real bridge for international trade and attracting foreign investment.
- Tourism, the leading industry in implementing the open-door integration policy, is a bridge of cooperation, peace and friendship; thanks to the frequent meetings between people brought about by tourism, people can move towards establishing a peaceful atmosphere and tolerance in society, a necessary psychological factor to resolve conflicts between nations. In other words, tourists are also ambassadors of peace and friendship.
- When assessing the role of an economic sector in a country's market economy, especially a service sector such as tourism, it is necessary to consider the economic and social aspects. Because tourism has positive and "negative" aspects. That is, if the tourism business (especially international tourism) is not developed in the right direction, it can cause "pollution" of the economic, cultural and social environment, due to "negative" factors from outside. Therefore, it is necessary to have a strategy for developing tourism in the right direction, both developing the economy and preserving a healthy landscape and environment, social relations and ensuring national security.
Tourism development in the process of international economic integration aims to meet the following requirements:
- First of all, it is necessary to expand and penetrate the world tourism market. Within the framework of the WTO, the tourism industry must participate in the market opening policy, and domestic tourism enterprises must participate in the global playground. Conversely, it must open up for partners around the world to participate in providing tourism services in Vietnam.
- The tourism industry must respond by participating deeply in international organizations within the multilateral framework such as the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), UNWTO, the Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA)… to promote its position and create its image in the world tourism market.
- Strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation to mobilize capital, technology, experience in tourism development, human resource training, cooperation in promotion and exploitation of key markets.
- Tourism development requires the synchronous completion of the legal framework.
in accordance with the regulations of UNWTO and ASEAN countries.
- Develop a tourism development strategy; improve the investment environment to attract direct investment in tourism; focus on building infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism to increase the attractiveness and quality of products. Quickly establish representatives in key markets, research partner markets, and promote activities to enhance the image of tourism.
- Improve the quality of destinations, build ASEAN into an attractive common destination, and aim to build a community by 2015.
1.3. Tourism development to meet the requirements of international economic integration
1.3.1. Sustainable development
In 1980, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) first introduced the concept of "Sustainable Development". According to IUCN, "Sustainable development must take into account the exploitation of renewable and non-renewable resources, the favorable conditions as well as the difficulties in organizing short-term and long-term action plans". This definition focuses on the use of resources but does not provide a comprehensive concept of sustainable development. In 1987, the United Nations Commission on Environment and Development (UNCED) introduced the concept of sustainable development. According to UNCED, "sustainable development satisfies the needs of the present without reducing the ability to satisfy the needs of future generations". Thus, sustainable development is the integration, interweaving and satisfaction of three interactive systems: the natural system, the economic system and the socio-cultural system. Sustainable development does not allow giving priority to one system while causing destruction to another. Sustainable development creates a balance of three aspects:
- Economic sustainability: Maintaining long-term efficiency for all economic activities, creating prosperity for the community.
- Social sustainability: Benefits are distributed fairly, poverty reduction is focused on long-term. Creating equality for all. Respecting different cultures.
- Environmental sustainability: Protect and manage resources, minimize environmental pollution, conserve biodiversity and other natural resources.
1.3.2. Sustainable tourism development
Sustainable tourism development is the development trend of world tourism, the process of maximizing economic benefits, not damaging resources, not negatively affecting the environment. Sustainable tourism cannot be separated from sustainable development.
Sustainable tourism meets the needs of tourists, the tourism industry and local communities without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defined: Sustainable tourism is the development of tourism activities to meet the current needs of tourists and local people while still paying attention to the conservation and enhancement of resources for the development of tourism activities in the future. Sustainable tourism will have a plan to manage resources to satisfy the economic, social and aesthetic needs of people, while still maintaining cultural integrity, biodiversity, the development of ecosystems and systems that support human life.
The goals of sustainable tourism we can exploit include:
- Achieving economic goals first, in increasing the contribution of tourism to local GDP.
- Ensure social equity in development, making the community enjoy.
- Improve the quality of life for local communities, the development of tourism brings prosperity to the local economy.
- Maximize the needs of visitors.
- Maintain environmental quality: reduce air pollution, destruction of natural resources, maintain biodiversity and cultural diversity.
Sustainable tourism development is a development process that focuses on all three aspects: economic, social and environmental. Concern for economic development is the ability to maintain the economy in the long term and this process brings maximum benefits to the local community. However, economic development is not at any cost but must pay attention to social and environmental justice. The environment is understood in a very broad sense. That is the natural environment, economy, culture, politics and society are important factors that create diverse and unique tourism products.
In the modern economy, tourism is called a “smokeless industry” meaning that sustainable tourism achieves three goals: economic efficiency, environmental efficiency, and socio-cultural efficiency. It is a clean industry associated with types of tourism compatible with sustainable tourism, with long-term development principles balanced with environmental and social goals.
Sustainable tourism development is a long-term goal, requiring a balanced development strategy, taking into account the whole picture, and synchronous coordination between tourism businesses, authorities, tourists and local communities. Nowadays, sustainable tourism development is an indispensable element of sustainable development in the context of international integration.
As an economic - service sector, tourism aims at development.
sustainable on 3 pillars: economic, environmental and social. The business process aims to maximize profits while ensuring environmental, ecological and social aspects. It is a balanced development process, not harming the environment and the enjoyment of the community for economic benefits. Achieving economic goals, ensuring social justice and maintaining environmental quality. It is a green, sustainable tourism industry, the "smokeless industry" that it is honored.
1.3.3. Conditions for tourism development
Tourism development requires general and specific conditions.
- General conditions: Economic, social, political development situation and economic relations.
In each country, the socio-economic development strategy is an important orientation for development policies, including long-term and short-term, with forecasts, goals, and development perspectives. The tourism industry cannot develop without development strategies. When the economy, culture, society, and politics develop, it creates conditions for tourism to develop. On the contrary, tourism cannot develop when the national income of the population is low, the standard of living and living conditions are difficult. To develop tourism, in addition to development policies and guidelines, people must be ready for tourism, that is, they use part of their income for traveling. Stable political conditions, guaranteed social security, a peaceful, prosperous, open country, and good international relations are important factors for tourism development.
- Conditions of tourism resources, including natural tourism resources and human tourism resources. The role of tourism resources in creating tourism products is extremely important. Natural tourism resources include terrain, geomorphology, soil, climate, vegetation, hydrology, forests, flora and fauna, etc., creating natural components of tourism products. Human tourism resources include tangible and intangible cultural values, architectural works, historical relics, political and economic achievements, cultural activities, etc. Tourism resources
History creates characteristics for tourism development of different regions.
- Conditions of technical infrastructure such as transportation, postal, telecommunications systems, electricity and water supply systems, means of transport, tourism facilities such as hotel systems, restaurants, routes, tourist attractions... social infrastructure such as national education system, health and healthcare, cultural and festival management system, cultural and religious facilities...
- The role of state management of tourism is a core factor in tourism development.
calendar:
+ It is a tourism development strategy associated with local development strategy.
direction.
+ Create a legal framework for tourism development through a system of legal documents.
+ Organize, direct, operate, inspect and control tourism activities.
In summary, tourism development conditions include general conditions and conditions on tourism resources, technical infrastructure and social infrastructure serving tourism.
CHAPTER 2
CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
2.1. Overview of the Central Highlands
The Central Highlands includes 5 provinces: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong.
Dong, natural area 54,640 km2, accounting for 16.5% of the country's area, population
5,107 thousand people account for 6% of the country's population. The Central Highlands is located in the center of the Southern Indochina mountains, with natural corridors connecting with the coastal provinces of the Central and Southeast regions; with international border gates Bo Y (Kon Tum) and Le Thanh (Gia Lai) bordering the two neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia on the East-West corridor and not too far from deep-water seaports such as Dung Quat, Chan May, Nha Trang. Therefore, the Central Highlands has an extremely important strategic position in terms of national defense and security, and at the same time has advantages for developing an economy integrated with the region and the world.
Table 2.1. Area and population of the Central Highlands provinces
Administrative unit
Area (Km 2 ) | Population | ||
Total population (People) | Density (people/ km2 ) | ||
Central Highlands | 54,640.2 | 5,107,437 | 93 |
Lam Dong | 9,772.2 | 1,186,786 | 121 |
Kon Tum | 9,690.5 | 430,037 | 44 |
Gia Lai | 15,536.9 | 1,272,792 | 82 |
Dak Lak | 13,125.4 | 1,728,380 | 132 |
Dak Nong | 6,515.3 | 489,442 | 75 |
Maybe you are interested!
-
Development Solutions of Vietnam's Tourism Industry to Meet Integration Requirements -
Exploiting the cultural value of Hang Kenh communal house - Hai Phong to serve tourism development - 1 -
Restoration and Restoration of Monuments Associated with the Construction and Development of Zen Tourism -
Foreign Studies on Improving Competitiveness for Tourism Development -
Applying Local Marketing in Bac Ninh Tourism Development - 2
Source: Central Highlands Province Statistics Office.
2.1.1 Natural resources of the Central Highlands
2.1.1.1. Terrain, land, minerals
The Central Highlands is located in both the East and West Truong Son Mountains, so the land, terrain and climate are diverse. The average altitude of the whole region is about 600-800m above sea level, but there are very low places such as the border area of Dak Lak province, only 200m high, and there are places like Langbiang Da Lat, 1500m high. Many mountain ranges overlap with peaks over 200m high such as Ngoc Linh, Chu Hmu, Chu Yangsin, Lang Biang. The terrain of the Central Highlands runs from North to South with consecutive plateaus.
In addition to forest resources, the Central Highlands has advantages in land, of which the most prominent is red basalt soil with about 1.5 million hectares, mainly distributed on the plateaus: Kon Ha Nung, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Nong, Lam Vien and Di Linh, which is ranked as the best soil in the world. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of hectares of black soil, alluvial soil suitable for many types of crops, favorable for the development of a diverse agriculture, with many key products such as: coffee, rubber, pepper, cashew, hybrid corn, cotton, tea, exported vegetables. Mineral resources in the Central Highlands are diverse, some have large reserves such as peat, brown coal, kaolin clay, pozzolan and bauxite with reserves of about 4.5 billion tons, accounting for 91% of the country's bauxite reserves, mainly distributed in Dak Nong and Lam Dong. Valuable metal minerals such as iron, wolfram, antimony, lead, zinc, gold; Precious stones such as sapphire, cinnabar, corundum, rose quartz and crystal quartz... are evenly distributed in the provinces. The terrain, land and soil conditions are ideal land to create typical and attractive tourism products of the Central Highlands such as research tourism, field trips for scientific research activities, farm tourism, garden tourism... With the terrain of the Central Highlands suitable for adventure tourism, mountain climbing tourism, parachuting tourism... which are developing strongly in the world.
2.1.1.2. Hydrology
The Central Highlands has a dense network of rivers and streams with many rapids and waterfalls; it is the source of four main river systems: the Po Ko-Sesan river system (Kon Tum) flowing into the Mekong River; the Na-Ayun river system (Gia Lai) flowing into the Da Rang River.