the way of a true artist. But because he was too passionate about his artistic aspirations, Vu blindly went against the interests of the people. And having to suffer a tragic fate, Nguyen Huy Tuong proved and promoted the role of the masses. The masses are the creators of art, the creators of history. A true art never goes against the interests of the majority of working people.
In the play, we can distinguish the personalities of the main and supporting characters. The central character is Vu Nhu To and is the character that carries the problem of the work. This character acts throughout the play, through which we can understand the basic content of the play. Vu is the key person at the forefront of the conflict between the two sides in the play. Nguyen Huy Tuong has fully portrayed the essential aspects of the character of Vu Nhu To. Compared to the mass characters in the play, the character of Vu Nhu To is built richer, more diverse, and more prominent. Vu's personality is described by the author in many aspects, in many different relationships, through which we see that Vu is a true, resilient artist with a noble desire to create art.
For the supporting characters, the author does not describe them as deeply and richly as the main characters, but they also have some special personality traits of the character, have a name, age, and soul on stage. The role of the crowd (supporting characters) is also emphasized in clarifying the theme and content of the work. Only then will the audience remember who they are and which character they are on stage. In short, whether the main character or supporting character is focused on and successfully built by the author in terms of personality, that character is easily noticed and admired by the audience.
Because the characteristics of drama must be reflected through actions, the description of the character's personality is limited to the scope of the character's language and actions. Therefore, it is impossible to describe the character's personality in drama.
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pervasive with every expression that must be selected to become the character's characteristic.
With Bac Son , Nguyen Huy Tuong deeply experienced the historical role of the masses in the revolutionary struggle. For the first time on stage, people appeared who came from the masses, the working class, the new people of the era with simple personalities, clear likes and dislikes, but surprisingly attracted and excited the audience. Mr. Phuong, an old man enthusiastic about the revolution; Mrs. Phuong, the embodiment of emotions; Miss Thom, a girl with a personality that loved beads and makeup like women, but also had the virtue of sacrifice and enlightenment; Sang was the embodiment of youth full of innocence and ideals... All of these characters and personalities created a play of historical value on stage.
If the playwright does not have a comprehensive understanding, does not grasp all the manifestations of personality aspects, and only uses a few personality traits and then brings them up as typical traits, then that character will not have depth, will be pale, and cannot stand out. A character with only one personality trait will be monotonous and easily become a concept, but a character described with too many different manifestations of all aspects of personality cannot arouse aesthetic interest in the audience. Each character in a script is built to express the theme of the work, for example, expressing the theme as well as the tragic conflict between art and the masses. Nguyen Huy Tuong has portrayed the character of Vu Nhu To very successfully. Nguyen Huy Tuong not only portrays the character of a true, brave artist, but also talks about the blindness in the thinking of the character Vu, which is the desire for art that goes against the interests of the masses. Or in The People Who Remain, besides certain limitations, the play is still considered a majestic, elaborate work, with each character having their own unique personality; the problem is
more complicated. And requires flexible and correct handling from the playwright.
Choosing the family of Doctor Thanh as the basis for exploiting the conflict, Nguyen Huy Tuong has shown some of the nature of Hanoi resistance. Through the deep exploitation of the psychology and personality of each character, the author has pushed the conflict in the play to its climax. Doctor Thanh's mood with his family's resistance, as well as the enthusiasm of the youth class such as Lan, Kinh, Son enthusiastically in Those who stay behind, the ideas have once commented " only like to describe the petty bourgeoisie, only like to delve into the psychology of that class... " therefore, the mass characters in the work have not received due attention to their role in Hanoi's resistance. Those who stay behind only express the concerns of an individual role but not the concerns of the masses, so for the audience the play has been greatly obscured.
It can be affirmed that no character image becomes immortal if the character's personality is not described through internal struggles. In Vu nhu To, the character Vu had fierce conflicts in the thoughts of an artist. Vu opposed the violence of the ruling class, opposed the tyranny but wanted to take advantage of that power to build an eternal Cuu Trung Dai. That meaning was further promoted by Vu meeting a kindred spirit who supported his artistic aspirations. Dan Thiem, the conflict between the citizen and the artist pushed Vu nhu To to an unjust death.
Or the character Thom in Bac Son also left a beautiful impression on the reader. Born into a poor family, with a father and younger brother following the revolution, the character Thom still retains the good nature of a pure soul. Although she is the wife of a traitor - Ngoc, Thom's personality is fundamentally different from Ngoc's. Thom's mood is tormented and miserable, right from Act IV.
In the play, we see Thom always feeling sorry and regretful. That lingering regret makes Thom have to act to atone for his sins. When he was shot unconscious, Thom was still afraid of his sins, his uncle and younger brother were still angry and hateful. Here, Nguyen Huy Tuong made the audience moved and sympathetic to the character Thom. The author was somewhat successful in expressing the inner suffering of this character. Thom's sobbing in her dying moments caused a deep impact on the author's and the reader's souls.
Nguyen Huy Tuong has not yet built typical characters, but the people here more or less have personality and typical features, for the first time in the play, publicly affirming the role of new people in life and in the revolution.
In each different era, the nature of the internal struggles of the personality will also be different. Because the task of the playwrights is to go deep into life to understand, firmly grasp, deeply the essential aspects of human nature, of the internal struggles, the internal conflicts of personality to portray characters with much depth of thought, attractive to the audience.
Nguyen Huy Tuong's plays have successfully created many characters with personalities. The changes or developments in the characters' personalities are due to the impact of circumstances. Historical circumstances have caused the character of Doctor Thanh in Those Who Stay to have inner turmoil. Doctor Thanh is a famous intellectual, due to family circumstances, this character is forced to choose whether to go or stay in the Capital. In this person, there is not yet full faith in the new regime, so in the character's mood, there arises the desire to be left alone, not wanting to collaborate with the French, because that has done evil and slave work, but is afraid to go out to join the resistance for fear of hardship. Those torments are more or less influenced by historical circumstances.
The characters in a work of art are modeled in real life and through the author's creativity, they are fictionalized into artistic images. So how can that character leave a lasting impression in the hearts of readers and viewers? The playwright has built the character of a specific character and because of that character, that character must participate in the dramatic conflict. When participating in the dramatic conflict, the character's personality will develop, for example, the stronger and more intense the conflict in the play Bac Son is, the more profound and outstanding the character's personality participating in that conflict will be. The conflict between our side and the enemy's side created an old man Phuong with a brave, indomitable personality, always believing in the revolution, or the young man Sang who is also resilient because of his deep enlightenment of ideals... In addition to the conflict, the character's personality must be described in action, that is the character Vu Nhu To in Vu Nhu To with the action of building Cuu Trung Dai showing the desire for art, the action of not submitting to tyranny...
The issue of personality in dramatic art has many other complex aspects. Here, we mainly study the art of character building in three specific plays by Nguyen Huy Tuong: Vu nhu To; Bac Son; Those who stay , so we may not have reached the true purpose of the thesis. Basically, when studying the characteristics of historical dramas by Nguyen Huy Tuong, we encountered many difficulties and limited understanding. We look forward to receiving sincere contributions from readers.
3.3. The art of organizing dramatic action.
We often say: “ In the beginning is action, people must have action” , the same goes for drama, because it is a literary form that reflects life’s problems through action. Action is the characteristic of drama, drama without action is not drama…so what role does action play in drama?
When studying dramatic action, we must understand that action is a form of human activity in society with relationships. Human actions are very rich and diverse, there are big actions, small actions, there are important and prominent actions with social significance but there are also normal, flat actions, only valuable to individuals...
Art in general and dramatic art in particular reflect phenomena in life. That is the basic principle of realism in art. For dramatic art, not every action in life can become a dramatic action, if it does not fully meet the conditions required by the requirements and characteristics of dramatic art.
Sometimes that action must directly or indirectly participate in a certain struggle. By exploiting historical conflicts, Nguyen Huy Tuong built the actions of characters who directly participated in those conflicts. On the path to realizing his artistic aspirations, Vu Nhu To encountered difficulties and obstacles. Vu was determined not to build Cuu Trung Dai for the debauched kings to enjoy, that action created a conflict between artists and tyranny and oppression. That action has the value of becoming a mirror for everyone to look at. Or the resistance action of the Bac Son people against the oppression of French colonialism... Therefore, we see that in plays, action is always an action of struggle.
Nguyen Huy Tuong has organized dramatic action in his work very successfully, creating struggles and conflicts with ideological and artistic value. The action in Nguyen Huy Tuong's plays is dramatic, the audience must be very impressed with Act V of the play Vu nhu To . In this act, the action of the character Vu nhu To has two choices. If he listens to Dan Thiem, he will run away, save his life, otherwise he will stay and live or die with Cuu Trung Dai... Outside, there are cheers from the people, the
The rebels' pursuit brings the play's conflict to a climax. This attracts viewers more than the previous acts of the play.
Through the organization of dramatic action, many characters reveal their personalities, satisfying the curiosity of the audience. It stimulates the audience to want to learn, explore and perceive useful lessons through the plays. In Those Who Stay, Doctor Thanh later actively participates in the resistance for two reasons: one is to see his son and hope that he will return, the other is because he was betrayed by Ngoc Cam. The change in circumstances leads to the change in the character's actions. If it were like before, perhaps Doctor Thanh could not have followed the revolution, he would still be an ordinary intellectual, without any motive to change. But the dramatic action has progressed depending on the situation the character is in. Doctor Thanh changes his thinking, follows the revolution, this makes the audience satisfied and has a great impact on the revolutionary spirit of the audience. Or the action of Thom following the revolution in Bac Son directly serves the ideological theme of the revolution. The character Thom has a very slow ideological transformation, perhaps due to his background, this character came to the revolution very late. Thom's action of being a liaison for the Viet Minh was supported by everyone. Although it was late, it was a sure step on the path to revolution. On the other hand, in Bac Son, the action only revolves around one central character. The first three acts focus on Mr. Phuong, but the last two acts focus on Thom. This makes the structure less tight, less unified with the action. The two deaths are relatively equally important, making the reader not pay much attention to Thom or Mr. Phuong.
The way all actions in other plays of Nguyen Huy Tuong are organized is basically reasonable. From the internal actions to the external actions of the characters are unified but they develop in a diverse and complex way.
The playwright's work is complex depending on the situation and character and requires careful and meticulous analysis by the playwright.
Understanding the position and role of dramatic action, organizing it in a work of art is no longer a difficult thing for Nguyen Huy Tuong, he has combined both internal and external actions in a play. However, that combination needs to have a suitable ratio. In the play Bac Son, external action is expressed more, while in Nguoi O Lai, internal action holds an important position.
Internal actions are secret thoughts, calculations, considerations, and ideological struggles (the character of Doctor Thanh); while external actions are actions, intentions, or activities that we can see (the construction of Cuu Trung Dai by Vu Nhu To).
In other words, internal action helps readers and viewers see the spiritual world and soul of the character. It creates deep vibrations in the audience. External action is closely linked to the development of the plot of the play. Without this action, the play will become a " lyrical poem " of the characters that cannot be performed. And without internal action, the play will become a clash between puppets.
Nguyen Huy Tuong's talent lies in his skillful use of the art of organizing dramatic action. If we only focus on exploiting Vu Nhu To's external actions with the intense, urgent events on stage, perhaps no audience will remember who that character is and what the issue raised in the play is. It was Nguyen Huy Tuong who made the audience understand the content of the play as expressing the conflict between artistic aspirations and the interests of the people. The audience will remember Vu Nhu To as a true artist with artistic aspirations but unsuccessful because his artistic creation went against the interests of the people.