hundred volts, this voltage will induce into the secondary coil an electromotive force of about several tens of KV enough for the spark plug to ignite.
2.7.2. Type 2 : Use one coil for each pair of spark plugs.
a. Structural diagram.
Including: High voltage wire (1), Ignition IC (2), Spark plug (3), Coil (4). The double coils are attached to the spark plugs of 2 parallel cylinders.
1
4
3
2
Figure 16.3.
Dual coil ignition system
b. Electric circuit and working principle.
For a 4-cylinder engine with the firing order 1-3-4-2 as shown in the figure, there are 2 coils. The first coil has two ends of the secondary coil directly connected to spark plugs 1 and 4, the second coil is connected to spark plugs 2 and 3. At the ignition time, pistons 1 and 4 are both in the same position near the top dead center but in 2 different strokes, so the gap resistance of the 2 spark plugs is different. If engine 1 is in the compression stroke, R is large, and engine 4 is in the exhaust stroke, R is small (due to the presence of combustible gas), so only engine 1's spark plug ignites. The ECU sends out control pulses to open and close the transistors according to the firing order of the engine.
For a 6-cylinder engine, to ensure the firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4, the direct ignition system uses 3 coils: one cylinder number 1 and number 6, one cylinder number 2 and number 5 and one cylinder number 3 and number 4.
3
1
T1
4
T2
2
ECU
Figure 16.4. Circuit diagram
2.7.3. Type 3 : Use one coil for 4 cylinders.
In this ignition system, the coil has two primary coils and one secondary coil connected to the spark plugs through high voltage diodes. Because the two primary coils are wound in opposite directions, when the ECU controls the opening of transistors T1 and T2 in turn, the voltage on the secondary coil will change sign. Depending on the sign of the high voltage pulse, a spark will appear at the corresponding spark plug through the high voltage diodes in the forward direction. For example, if the secondary coil has a positive pulse, a spark will appear at number 1 or number 4.
Diodes D5 and D6 are used to prevent magnetic interference between the two primary coils (when T1 or T2 is closed) but they increase the power dissipation on the igniter.
The disadvantage of direct ignition systems type 2 and 3 is that the ignition direction on the two spark plugs in the same pair is opposite, leading to an ignition voltage difference of about 1.5 to 2 kV.
Figure 16.5. Direct ignition system using one coil for 4 cylinders.
2.8. Failure phenomenon, cause and treatment of non-contact electronic ignition system.
Status
Phenomena | Reason | Handle | |
1 | Engine | -Ignition timing is not | -Adjust the timing of the attack |
not start | correct | fire | |
moveable | -Bobine broken | -Check the coil | |
or difficult | -Faulty IC cluster | -Check IC Cluster | |
start | -Delco is broken. | -Delco check | |
-High voltage wire is broken. | -Check high voltage wire | ||
-Faulty spark plug | -Replace spark plugs | ||
-Boiler wire is loose or broken. | -Check the wire | ||
2 | Engine | -Broken spark plug | -Adjust or replace spark plugs |
do not hold | -Bobbin wire loose, broken | -Check the wire | |
about | -Ignition timing is not | -Adjust ignition timing | |
or die | correct | ||
machine | -Bobin is broken | -Check the coil |
Maybe you are interested!
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Car body electrical practice - 8
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If the voltage is out of specification, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within specification, install the front fog light relay and follow step 5.
Step 5 Check the front fog light switch
- Remove the D4 connector of the fog light switch
- Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the front fog light switch.
Measurement location
Condition
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Light switchFront Fog OFF
>10kΩ
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Front fog light switchON
<1 Ω
- Standard resistor
D4 connector is located on the combination switch assembly.
If the resistance is out of specification, replace the combination switch (the fog light switch is located in the combination switch).
If the resistance is within specification, follow step 6.
Step 6 Check wiring and connectors (front fog light relay-light selector switch)
- Disconnect connector D4 of the combination switch assembly
- Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage value of jack D4 on the wire side.
Measurement location
Control modecontrol
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) - (-) AQ
TAIL
11 to 14 V
D4 connector for the wiring of the combination switch assembly
If the voltage does not meet the standard, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within standard, there may have been an error in the previous measurements.
Step 7 Check the front fog lights
- Remove the front fog light electrical connector.
- Supply battery voltage to the fog lamp terminals
Jack 8, B9 of front fog lamp on the electrical side
blind first.
Power supply location
Terms and Conditions
Battery positive terminal - Terminal 2Battery negative terminal - Terminal 1
Fog lightsbefore morning
- If the light does not come on, replace the bulb.
If the light is on, re-plug the jack and continue to step 8.
Step 8 Check wiring and connectors (relay and front fog lights)
- Disconnect the B8 and B9 connectors of the front fog lights.
- Use a voltmeter to measure voltage at the following locations:
Measurement location
Switch location
Terms and Conditions
B8-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ON TAIL size switchFog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B9-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ONTAIL size switch Fog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B8 and B9 connectors on the front fog lamp wiring side
Voltage is not up to standard, repair or replace the jack. If up to standard, there may have been an error in the measurement process.
2.2.4. Procedure for removing, installing and adjusting fog lights 1. Procedure for removing
- Remove the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to remove the 3 screws and remove the front part of the front inner ear liner
-Remove the fog light assembly
+ Disconnect the connector.
+ Use a screwdriver to remove 3 screws to remove the fog light cover
2. Installation sequence
-Rotate the fog lamp bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and remove the fog lamp from the fog lamp assembly.
-Rotate the fog light bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and install the light into the fog light assembly.
- Use a screwdriver to install the fog light cover
-Install the electrical connector
Attention: Be careful not to damage the plastic thread on the lamp assembly.
- Install the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to install the front inner bumper with 3 screws.
3. Prepare the vehicle to adjust the fog light convergence. Prepare the vehicle:
- Make sure there is no damage or deformation to the vehicle body around the fog lights.
- Add fuel to the fuel tank
- Add oil to standard level.
- Add engine coolant to standard level.
- Inflate the tire to standard pressure.
- Place spare tire, tools and jack in original design position
- Do not leave any load in the luggage compartment.
- Let a person weighing about 75 kg sit in the driver's seat.
4. Prepare to check the fog light convergence
a/ Prepare the vehicle status as follows:
- Place the car in a dark enough place to see the lines. The lines are the dividing line, below which the light from the fog lights can be seen but above which it cannot.
- Place the car perpendicular to the wall.
- Keep a distance of 7.62 m between the center of the fog lamp and the wall.
- Park the car on level ground.
- Press the car down a few times to stabilize the suspension.
Note: A distance of approximately 7.62 m is required between the vehicle (fog lamp center) and the wall to adjust the convergence correctly. If the distance of 7.62 m cannot be achieved, set the correct distance of 3 m to check and adjust the fog lamp convergence. (Since the target area varies with the distance, please follow the instructions as shown in the figure.)
b/ Prepare a piece of thick white paper about 2 m high and 4 m wide to use as a screen.
c/ Draw a vertical line through the center of the screen (line V).
d/ Set the screen as shown in the picture. Note:
- Keep the screen perpendicular to the ground.
- Align the V line on the screen with the center of the vehicle.
e/Draw the reference lines (H, V LH and V RH lines) on the screen as shown in the figure.HINT:
Mark the center of the fog lamp on the screen. If the center mark cannot be seen on the fog lamp, use the center of the fog lamp or the manufacturer's name mark on the fog lamp as the center mark.
H line (fog light height):
Draw a line across the screen so that it passes through the center mark. Line H should be at the same height as the center mark of the fog light bulb.
Line V LH, V RH (center mark position of left fog lamp LH and right fog lamp RH):
Draw two lines so that they intersect line H at the center marks.
5. Check the fog light convergence
a/ Cover the fog lamp or remove the connector of the other side fog lamp to prevent light from the unchecked fog lamp from affecting the fog lamp convergence test.
b/ Start the engine.
c/ Turn on the fog lights and make sure that the dividing line is outside the standard area as shown in the drawing.
6. Adjust the fog light convergence
Use a screwdriver to adjust the fog light to the standard area by turning the toe adjustment screw.
Note: If the screw is adjusted too far, loosen it and then tighten it again, so that the last rotation of the light adjustment screw is clockwise.
3. Self-study questions
1. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with automatic headlight function
2. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with the function of rotating headlights when turning
3. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Hyundai Porter car
4. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Honda Accord 1992
5. Draw the lighting circuit on a 1993 Toyota Lexus
LESSON 3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL SYSTEM
I. IMPLEMENTATION GOAL
After completing this lesson, students will be able to:
- Distinguish between types of signals on cars
- Correctly describe common symptoms and suspected areas causing damage.
- Connecting signal circuits ensures technical requirements
- Disassemble, install, check, maintain and repair the signal system to ensure technical requirements.
- Ensure safety in work and industrial hygiene
II. LESSON CONTENT
1. General description
The signal system equipped on cars aims to create signals to notify other vehicles participating in traffic about the vehicle's operating status such as: stopping, parking, braking, reversing, turning...
Signals are used either by light such as headlamps, brake lights, turn signals….. or by sound such as horns, reverse music….
Just like the lighting system. A signal system circuit usually consists of: battery, fuse, wire, relay, electrical load and control switch. Only some switches of the signal system are on the combination switch. The switches of other signals are usually located in different locations such as in the gearbox or brake pedal……
2. Maintenance and repair
2.1. Turn signals and hazard lights
The installation location of the turn signal is shown in Figure 3.1. The turn signal control switch is located in the combination switch under the steering wheel. Turning this switch to the right or left will make the turn signal turn right or left.
The hazard light switch is used when the vehicle has a problem while participating in traffic. When the hazard light switch is turned on, all the turn signals on the vehicle will light up at a certain frequency. The hazard light switch is usually placed separately from the turn signal switch (some old cars integrate the hazard and turn signal switches on the same combination switch cluster).
Figure 3.1 Turn signal switch Figure 3.2 Hazard switch
The part that generates the flashing frequency for the lights is called a turn signal relay. The turn signal relay usually has 3 terminals: B (positive power supply); E (negative power supply); L (providing the turn signal switch to distribute to the
lamp)
2.1.1. Circuit diagram
To generate the frequency for the turn signal, a turn signal relay is used in the turn signal circuit. The current from the turn signal relay will be sent to the turn signal switch assembly to distribute the current to the turn signal lights for the driver's purpose.
Figure 3.3. Schematic diagram of a turn signal circuit without a hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Electric lock; 3. Turn signal relay; 4. Turn signal switch; 5. Turn signal lamp; 6. Turn signal lamp; 7. Hazard switch
Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of turn signal circuit with hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Combination switch cluster; 3. Turn signal;
4. Turn signal light; 5. Turn signal relay
Today's cars no longer use three-pin turn signal relays (B, L, E) but use eight-pin turn signal relays (figure 3.5) (pin number 8 is used for hazard lights).
For this type, the current supplying the turn signal lights is supplied directly from the turn signal relay to the lights.
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Internal Combustion Engine Vibration Isolation System -
Design and manufacture of electric power steering system model - 9 -
The Nature and Role of the Internal Control System -
Some Solutions to Improve the Legal System of Alimony
-Faulty IC cluster -High voltage wire is not good | -Check IC Cluster -Check high voltage wire | ||
3 | Engine misfires or accelerates poorly | -Faulty spark plug - Coil wire is loose or broken. -Incorrect ignition timing | -Adjust or replace spark plugs -Check the wire -Re-adjust ignition timing |
4 | The engine started and then turned off quickly. | -Broken spark plug -Incorrect ignition timing | -Adjust or replace spark plugs -Re-adjust ignition timing |
5 | Engine overheat | -Ignition timing is not correct | - Adjust the time ignition |
III. Maintenance of contactless electronic ignition system
3.1. Procedure for disassembling and assembling parts:
- Remove the high voltage wires from the coil to the distributor and from the distributor to the spark plugs.
- Remove the wire connectors at the electric lock, electronic unit, high voltage coil and distributor.
- Remove the bolts connecting the high voltage coil, electronics, and distributor to the engine body.
- Remove the high voltage coil, electronics, and distributor from the engine.
- Remove the spark plugs from the engine.
- Clean the outside of the parts.
3.2. Cleaning, inspection and external identification:
- Auxiliary resistors, electronics.
- Electromagnetic sensor (magnet, signal rotor and solenoid coil).
- High pressure coil.
- Power divider.
- Electric lock, spark plug.
- Electrical wires.
3.3. Procedure for installing parts on the engine:
The installation procedure is the reverse of the disassembly procedure with the following notes before installation:
- Apply grease to the gears and gear shaft of the distributor.
- The electrical wire connectors must make good contact and be in the correct position, avoiding wetting the electronic components.
- Adjust the initial ignition advance angle of the engine properly when installing the distributor.
- Connect the high voltage wires in the correct position (in the engine firing order).
3.4. Check the ignition sensor
Status
Content | Tool | Technical requirements | |
1 | Check the electromagnetic ignition sensor | ||
1.1 | Check coil resistance | Multimeter | Set on resistance scale, measure coil resistance and compare with standard. |
1.2 | Check sensor operation | Multimeter | Place the measuring rod at both ends of the coil, use your hand to turn the delco, if the clock hand moves, it is Ignition sensor is still good. |
1.3 | Check the air gap of the rotor and the magnetic steel core (for built-in sensors) delco) | Leaf base | Measure the clearance between the rotor teeth and the exposed steel part of the coil. The standard value is 0.2 up to 0.4 mm. |
2 | Check the optical sensor | ||
2.1 | Wiring for the strike system fire | According to the ignition system diagram | |
2.2 | Delco rotation | ||
Observe and check the spark plug | If there is no fire, it could be due to a broken Delco. We check the signal. at the foot | ||
3 | Hall sensor test | ||
3.1 | Connect the positive battery terminal to the Hall molecule, the negative battery terminal with permanent magnet price | ||
3.2 | Place a thin steel bar in the gap between the magnet and the Hall element. | Allows the steel bar to rest against the magnet. | |
3.3 | Touch the (+) probe to the Hall molecule, the other probe to the steel bar | Multimeter | If the meter reading is within 0.5 V then the sensor is working properly, otherwise the Hal sensor must be replaced. |
2.3
3.5. Check the ignition IC (electromagnetic type)
Status
Content | Tool | Technical requirements | |
1 | Remove the IC assembly from the splitter. electricity | screwdriver | No damage to the wire |
2 | Locate the legs of IC cluster and record | ||
3 | Wire the IC cluster according to the diagram | screwdriver | Integrated ignition system, when testing IC must remove negative wire bobbin |
4 | Power supply to the test circuit IC | 12V power supply | Check again before issuing source |
5 | Generate pseudo pulse | 1 K Ω resistance wire connected | One end of the wire connects + battery, one end swipes the T wire |
series lights LED | |||
6 | Observe the LED and evaluate | LED flashing means IC is still there | |
IC status | Good. | ||
LED light does not flash | |||
IC is broken. |
3.6. Check the coil, distributor, and spark plugs similar to the normal ignition system.
IC cluster test diagram
R= 1kΩ
B
C
BATTERY
IC
R= 1k Ω
T
3.7. Procedure for checking and repairing the programmable ignition system with delco
1. Identify the components of the ignition system
a. ECU box
On the ECU there are symbols for the poles, depending on the manufacturer and model of the car, the symbols are different, so to determine the ECU power pins, we must rely on the electrical system diagram. The power pins of the ECU in the ignition system are as follows:
- Toyota: ECU pins are denoted by abbreviations (English)
- FORD: ECU pins are marked with numbers and abbreviations (English)
- NISSAN: ECU pins are marked with numbers
b. Ignition IC: Ignition IC in Delco programmable ignition system has the following types:
+ 5-pin, 6-pin type (used for electromagnetic sensor ignition system)
+ 3-pin type (used for optical-separate sensor ignition system)
Based on the diagram we can determine the pins of the IC.
c. Ignition sensor: The ignition sensor is located in the delco and has output wires.
2. Wiring for ignition system
Status
Content | Technical requirements | |
1 | Read the diagram and identify the ignition circuit | List the power pins and redraw the ignition circuit diagram |
2 | Identify the power pins in the ignition system on the ECU | Correctly position the legs |
3 | Identify the output pins of the IC and ignition sensor | |
4 | Wiring for ignition system | Fight according to the diagram |
5 | Check the operation of the ignition system | |
5.1 | Check for cool touch | If the circuit is open, it is a short circuit and must be checked again. |
Turn off the ignition. | ||
Measure the continuity between the power cord (+) and (-) of the system. | ||
5.2 | Place the high pressure head 12mm away from the ground, Quay delco | There is a high pressure spark that is the ignition system working. |