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Territorial organization of agriculture - Industry of grape growing and processing in Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan - 8


The total natural land area is 336,006.04 ha. Ninh Thuan is the intersection of 3 important traffic routes (National Highway 1A, Thong Nhat Railway, and National Highway 27), facilitating trade with provinces across the country.



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2.3.2.1. Natural conditions


Land


According to the results of additional investigation, classification, and mapping of soil in Ninh Thuan province in 2000 according to the directional classification method (WRB) conducted by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, there are 9 soil groups with 75 soil types in Ninh Thuan province. These are:

Sandy soil group


Area 10,401.30 ha, accounting for 3.10% of natural area, distributed in coastal communes and wards of Ninh Hai district, Phan Rang-Thap Cham town. The main mechanical composition is coarse sand, loose structure, good drainage.

Saline soil group


Area 5,532.81 ha, accounting for 1.65% of natural area, including saline soil in Dam Nai, Ninh Hai district; highly saline soil in Ca Na - Ninh Hai district; low and medium saline soil in Ho Hai, Phuong Hai, Nhon Hai communes, Ninh Hai district.

Alluvial soil


Area 8,340.62 ha, accounting for 2.48% of natural area. Alluvial soil deposited annually is distributed along Cai River.

Alluvial soils that are not deposited are distributed quite concentratedly in most of the plains of districts and towns; alluvial soils outside streams are distributed sporadically along rivers and streams in mountainous areas. This is a good soil group of the province, with flat terrain, thick soil layer, medium-light soil texture, soil reaction from acidic to slightly acidic, rich in humus, N, P R 2 R O 5, K R 2 R O from average to good, easy to drain... proactive water, suitable for all types of crops. This soil group is used to grow rice, corn and other crops.

Gley soil group


Area 7,755.60 ha, accounting for 2.30% of the province's natural area. This land group is distributed in some communes of Ninh Phuoc, Ninh Hai and PR-TC town.


MAP OF SOIL OF NINH THUAN PROVINCE



Newly transformed soil group


Area 9,049.83 ha, accounting for 2.70% of the province's total area. This land group is mainly distributed in some communes of Ninh Phuoc (4,267.70 ha), Ninh Sem (4,390.80 ha), Ninh Hai districts.

Semi-arid gray soil group


Area 232,015 ha, accounting for 69% of the province's total area. This land group is mainly distributed in Ninh Son, Bac Ai districts (140.6 thousand ha), Ninh Phuoc (51.1 thousand ha).

Gray soil group


Area 28,423.40 ha, accounting for 8.50% of the province's total area, distributed in Ninh Son, Bac Ai, Ninh Phuoc. The soil has light mechanical composition, good drainage, thick layer, suitable for many types of crops.

Red soil group


Area 1,840.00 ha, accounting for 0.55% of the province's total area, distributed in Ninh Son and Ninh Phuoc. The soil has light mechanical composition. The soil is poor in nutrients and has low humus content.

Eroded land bare rocks


Area 17,274.40 ha, accounting for 5.10% of the province's total area. The soil is eroded quickly, so the saline soil layer is washed away, losing the ability to produce agriculture.

Climate


Located in the driest region of the country, it has a typical tropical monsoon climate characterized by hot, dry, windy weather and large evaporation, shown in the following aspects:

Number of sunshine hours


Ninh Thuan is located at a low latitude, with long daylight hours all year round. Furthermore, during the dry season which lasts 8-9 months, the sky is often clear or cloudy, so Ninh Thuan has an average of 2,800-2,900 hours of sunshine per year.

During the first 7 months of the year (from January to July), each month has an average of over 240 hours of sunshine, and an average of over 8 hours per day. The months of March, April, and May have a large number of sunshine hours, from 286 to 306 hours. The months with the least sunshine are from August of the previous year to January of the following year, but still have over 6 hours. The month with the least sunshine is November (152 hours). The difference between the sunniest months and the least sunny months is only about 120 to 130 hours of sunshine.

In Ninh Thuan, there are very few days without sunshine. There are about 5-11 days without sunshine in the whole year. The number of sunny days and hours of sunshine is high, suitable for the "very bright" requirement of grapevines, so it is suitable for growing many crops in a year with high biological productivity.

Temperature


Ninh Thuan has high temperatures all year round, with an average annual temperature of

27.4 0

0 0 0

PP C. Maximum temperature is 36.8 P C P

allows for multiple crops per year.


Humidity

, and the minimum is 19.4 P P C. The total heat accumulation is 9,400 P P C,


The average annual relative humidity in Ninh Thuan is from 70 - 83%. The Phan Rang area has an average annual relative humidity of below 75%, the lowest in the province and the country. During the dry season, the average humidity in many months is not over 70%.

In the rainy season, humidity is much higher than in other months, but still less than 85%; the annual amplitude is quite large, up to 16%, far exceeding other places. The period with the highest humidity is 83% (September), and the lowest is 70% (July).

Rainfall


Ninh Thuan is one of the provinces with the least rainfall in the Central region of our country. Most areas in Ninh Thuan have an average rainfall of about 500-600mm/year.


year (optimum range for Vitis vinifera L. grapevines is 700 - 850mm/year).

Rainfall is unevenly distributed between the two seasons of the year. The rainy season starts from late July to November, and stops completely in early January of the following year.

Meanwhile, the dry season lasts from January to the end of July. The highest rainfall is in September (105.8mm/year), and the lowest is in January (0.1mm/year).

In 2002, the total natural land area of ​​Ninh Thuan province was 336,006.0 ha. Agricultural land was 59,122.2 ha (accounting for 17.6%); of which annual crop land accounted for 89.4% (52,889.5 ha), mainly swidden land; land for growing grapes accounted for over 50.0% of the land area for growing fruit trees (1,584 ha compared to 2,850 ha), which shows that Ninh Thuan province has great potential to develop into a typical grape region. Land with other purposes of use accounted for only a very small proportion of the natural land structure of the province in 2002 (accounting for 5.0%, of which land with water surface for aquaculture accounted for 0.5%, specialized land accounted for 3.7%, and residential land accounted for 0.8% of the total natural area of ​​the province). Most noteworthy is that the total unused land area accounts for 30.4% of the province's natural land (equivalent to 101,984.6 hectares).

Assess the province's grape development potential according to adaptation level


Among the many factors that determine whether a region or another can effectively grow crops, land is one of the specific and important factors contributing to the success of that decision. Ninh Thuan is a province with a dry, hot, windy climate, and the untapped land potential for grape cultivation is still very large. Because of this, in recent years, the Provincial People's Committee has directed the provincial departments and agencies to coordinate with agencies and units outside the province to conduct crossbreeding, trial production and expansion of many new grape varieties with many new and suitable cultivation methods, the most prominent of which is the "Safe Grapes" cultivation method.


in the direction of organic biology" to exploit this potential to the maximum and effectively.

With a total suitable land area of ​​7,905 hectares, Ninh Thuan province has great conditions for growing grapes. Compared to the area being planted in 2003 of 2,185 hectares, the total area with good conditions for growing grapes but not yet exploited in the province is currently 5,720 hectares, meaning that up to 72.36% of the land area for growing grapes has the potential to be raised.

Among the districts, Ninh Phuoc district is more advantageous than other districts in the province in terms of: total adapted area, cultivated area in 2003, and potential area, corresponding to 4,783ha, 1,500ha, and 3,283ha. The district has cultivated 32.36% of the adapted area, the remaining 68.64% is considered potential area; and the district is continuing to invest in development in the coming years.

Ninh Hai district has 1,717 hectares of suitable area, 100 hectares of which can be cultivated, and the rest

1.6 hectares of unexploited land, and is the district with the largest unexploited land area suitable for growing grapes in the province (94.18% of potential area).

Ninh Son district, with 766ha of suitable area, but only 85ha are cultivated, so the potential area is up to 681ha, equivalent to 88.90% of the area not yet exploited.

Bac Ai and Ninh Son districts are mountainous districts of the province; conditions for transportation and irrigation are still difficult, and the water requirements of grapevines are not yet proactive; meanwhile, other crops such as cassava, cashew, etc. adapt better to low water conditions; so in recent years, the district has focused on developing these crops more than grapevines (1,000 hectares of cassava and 2,268 hectares of cashew in 2003). There are currently two communes in the district cultivating grapes: Nhon Son commune with 80 hectares, and My Son commune with 5 hectares. Meanwhile, because it was only established in 2001, and there has not been any research project to evaluate the adaptability of grapevines, Bac Ai district has not been able to develop grapevines compared to other districts and towns in the province.


Finally, PR - TC Town, 639ha of adapted area, the area being planted in 2003 was 500ha, meaning there is 139ha of potential area, corresponding to 21.75% of the area that can grow grapes that has not been exploited.

MAP OF APPROPRIATENESS ASSESSMENT OF GRAPE PLANTS IN NINH THUAN


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