Teaching Activities According to the Vnen Model in Secondary Schools

Diagram 1.2: Managing the elements of the DH process

Managing teaching activities must simultaneously manage the teacher's teaching activities and the student's learning activities, in which: The teacher is both affected by the subject of teaching management and plans the activities himself.

DH, self-organize teaching and organize learning for learners, self-direct their teaching activities and direct learners' learning activities, and at the same time self-check and evaluate their teaching results and check and evaluate learners' learning results.

Learners develop their own plans, organize, direct and check their own learning activities according to the teacher's plans, organization, direction and assessment methods.

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1.3. Teaching activities according to the VNEN model in secondary schools

1.3.1. Teaching and learning activities according to the VNEN model

Teaching activities in the direction of innovative teaching methods (according to the VNEN model) are teaching activities that aim to overcome one-way transmission and train students to have creative thinking habits. Gradually apply advanced means and modern means to the teaching process, ensuring conditions and time for self-study and self-research for students. The content of teaching activities in the direction of innovative teaching methods is to improve the quality of comprehensive education, enhance the nurturing of the young generation with patriotism, love for the homeland and family; national pride, socialist ideals; compassion, respect for the law; studious spirit, and the will to make a career [25].

1.3.2. Teaching activities according to the VNEN model in secondary schools

Teaching activities in the direction of innovation in teaching methods in secondary schools are shown in the Resolution of the 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam: Innovation in education and training methods to overcome one-way transmission, teaching activities to overcome one-way transmission, training students to have creative thinking habits. Step by step application

Advanced means and modern facilities in the teaching process, ensuring conditions and self-study time for students.

Content of teaching activities according to the orientation of innovative teaching methods in secondary schools.

- Innovate teaching methods in the direction of promoting students' positivity, proactiveness and creativity in the process of acquiring knowledge.

- Innovate teaching methods in the direction of combining different teaching methods (traditional and modern) in a flexible and creative way to both achieve teaching objectives and be suitable for practical objects at the grassroots level.

- Innovate teaching methods towards developing students' self-study ability.

- Innovate teaching methods in the direction of combining individual activities with group activities and promoting individual abilities.

- Innovate teaching methods towards enhancing practical skills.

- Innovate teaching methods towards using modern technical means in teaching.

- Innovate teaching methods towards innovating testing methods and evaluating students' learning outcomes.

- Innovate teaching methods in the direction of innovating the way of preparing lesson plans, planning lessons and building lesson objectives.

1.3.3. Requirements for innovating teaching methods according to the VNEN model in secondary schools

To complete the educational goals of the proposed level, when implementing innovation in teaching methods according to the VNEN model in secondary schools, it is necessary to:

- Closely follow the goals of general education.

- Suitable for specific DH content.

- Suitable for students' age characteristics.

- Suitable for the school's facilities and teaching conditions.

- Suitable for innovation in testing and evaluating teaching and learning results.

- Combining the selective and effective absorption and use of advanced and modern teaching methods with the exploitation of positive elements of traditional teaching methods.

- Increase the use of teaching aids and pay special attention to the applications of information technology.

For teachers:

- Design, organize, and guide students to carry out learning activities in diverse, rich, and attractive forms that are suitable for the characteristics of the lesson, the characteristics and level of students, and the specific conditions of the class, school, and locality.

- Encourage, motivate, create opportunities and conditions for students to participate actively, proactively and creatively in the process of discovering and understanding lesson content; pay attention to exploiting students' existing knowledge, experience and skills; foster students' interest, need for action and confident attitude in learning; help them develop their full potential.

- Design and guide students to perform exercises to develop thinking and practice skills; guide the use of equipment and learning tools; effectively organize practice hours; guide students to get into the habit of applying learned knowledge to solve practical problems;...

- Use teaching methods and forms in a reasonable, effective, flexible manner, suitable to the characteristics of the grade level, subject; content and nature of the lesson; characteristics and level of students; teaching duration and specific teaching conditions of the school and locality.

1.3.4. Teaching methods and innovation in teaching methods according to the VNEN model

1.3.4.1. Teaching methods

Teaching method is a system of ways of activities of teachers and students to achieve well the defined teaching goals and tasks. Teaching method includes teaching method and learning method.

- Teaching method: is the way to organize cognitive activities, control intellectual and practical activities, educate students' awareness and correct attitudes. Of the teacher in the teaching process.

- Learning method: Cognitive and training methods to form a system of knowledge and practical skills, forming the learner's personality.

These two methods do not exist independently or separately from each other, but are related and dependent on each other. They are both the purpose and the cause of each other's existence in the teaching and learning process.

1.3.4.2. Innovation in teaching methods according to the VNEN model

Along with the innovation of the objectives, content of the secondary education program and the way of assessing students' learning outcomes, teaching methods must also change accordingly. Innovation of teaching methods is extremely important in improving the quality of teaching and learning. Innovation of teaching methods is the key issue of Vietnam's education innovation policy in the current period. Innovation of teaching methods will fundamentally change the way of thinking and doing of generations of students - the future owners of the country. Thus, innovation of teaching methods will impact all elements of the education and training process. It creates modernization of this process.

Innovating teaching methods according to the VNEN model is not essentially replacing old teaching methods with a series of new teaching methods. In essence, innovating teaching methods is innovating the way of implementing methods, innovating the means and forms of implementing methods on the basis of fully exploiting the advantages of old methods and flexibly applying some new methods to maximize the positivity, initiative and creativity of learners. Thus, the ultimate goal of innovating teaching methods is how to make students truly active, proactive, self-aware, always wondering, exploring, thinking and being creative in the process of acquiring knowledge.

knowledge and learn how to acquire that knowledge to develop and perfect one's personality.

The teaching methods that were commonly used in the past, which we still call traditional teaching methods, such as the lecture method and the question-and-answer method, are still being implemented in all of today's teachers' teaching hours. But if these methods are still carried out in the same way as they were used in previous decades, they will certainly become less effective. Therefore, the lecture method needs to be "innovated".

Nowadays, the development of information technology has not turned learners into “writing machines” and teachers into “reading machines”. Photocopiers, projectors, projectors, etc. will reduce the time spent by teachers on the board and students on notebooks. In class, teachers should focus on organizing the process of acquiring knowledge. The presentation method will become active when teachers present for an appropriate amount of time and know how to combine it smoothly, reasonably and scientifically with other methods to make students interested and enthusiastic about the activities. Methods that can be combined with presentations include: illustration methods using diagrams, tables or real objects, brainstorming methods with questions that stimulate learners’ thinking, problem-posing methods, situational methods, open-ended methods - questions and answers, etc. However, if these teaching methods are not carried out in accordance with their true meaning and function, they cannot be called active teaching methods.

For example: The open-ended method - question and answer is a method in which the interaction between teachers and students is carried out through a system of questions and corresponding answers on a certain topic. Teachers do not directly give complete knowledge but guide students to think step by step to find new knowledge themselves . Or the Visual method is a method in which teachers hang visual aids

Observe or introduce experimental equipment, technical equipment... State requirements to guide students' observations.

- Teachers present the contents in diagrams, charts, maps... conduct experiments, demonstrate technical equipment, projectors, movies...

- Require students to present and explain the content of diagrams and charts, present what they have learned through experiments or through technical means, projectors, and movies.

- From the details and information students obtain from visual aids, the teacher asks questions requiring students to draw general conclusions about the issue that the visual aids need to convey.

…

Thus, it can be understood that innovation in teaching methods is not the replacement of familiar existing methods with new methods, or the use of strange-sounding names of methods such as groups, situations, goldfish tanks, etc. In essence, it is necessary to understand correctly how to do and carry out teaching methods, and be flexible and creative in using them in different circumstances and situations so that teaching methods have a positive impact on learners. It can be said that the positivity of a method does not lie in its name but in the process of using it.

1.4. Managing teaching activities in secondary schools according to the VNEN model

1.4.1. Middle school principal

The principal of a secondary school is responsible for organizing and managing the activities and educational quality of the school. The principal is appointed by the Chairman of the People's Committee of the district (or city) for public secondary schools and recognized by the Chairman of the People's Committee of the private secondary schools according to the appointment or recognition process of the principal by the competent authority.

Duties and powers of the Principal of a Secondary School

Develop school development plans; plan and organize the implementation of teaching and education plans; report and evaluate implementation results to the School Council and competent authorities;

Establish professional groups, office groups and advisory councils in the school; appoint group leaders and deputy group leaders; propose members of the School Council to submit to competent authorities for decision;

Assign, manage, evaluate, classify; participate in the recruitment and transfer process; reward and discipline teachers and staff according to regulations;

Administrative management; effectively manage and use the school's financial resources and assets;

Manage students and student activities organized by the school; review and approve student assessment and classification results, sign and confirm transcripts, sign and confirm completion of primary school programs for primary school students (if any) of multi-level general schools and decide on rewards and discipline for students;

Attend training courses on politics, expertise, and management skills; participate in teaching an average of 2 periods per week; enjoy allowances and preferential policies according to regulations;

Implement grassroots democracy regulations and create conditions for political and social organizations in schools to operate to improve the quality of education;

Implementing socialization of education, coordinating and mobilizing social forces to participate in educational activities, promoting the role of schools in the community [4].

1.4.2. Managing teaching activities of secondary school principals according to the VNEN model

The New School Model Project in Vietnam (GPE-VNEN Project, Global Partnership for Education - Viet Nam Escuela Nueva) is a pedagogical project aimed at building and replicating an advanced school model,

modern, suitable for the development goals and characteristics of Vietnamese education.

Managing teaching activities of the principal in secondary schools according to the VNEN model is the impact of the principal on the teaching process in secondary schools (carried out by the collective of teachers and students, with the effective support of social forces) to form and comprehensively develop students' personalities according to the training goals of the school.

1.4.2.1. Content of managing teaching activities of secondary school principals according to the VNEN model

a) Manage teaching assignments for teachers

The assignment of tasks to teachers must be based on the teacher's ability, the specific conditions of the school, the interests of the students, the characteristics and requirements of each class, and must refer to the wishes of the teachers. Assigning teachers according to their abilities will bring good results. On the contrary, if the assignment is based on emotions and personal feelings, it will lead to bad consequences for the school's teaching activities. Therefore, the principal must listen to the wishes of the teachers and carefully select and consider each case to best promote the abilities of each person.

b) Program implementation management

Implementing the teaching program is a mandatory requirement to ensure that the training plan is in accordance with the objectives. Implementing the teaching program is a State decree issued by the Ministry of Education and Training. To effectively manage the implementation of the teaching program, the principal must have a firm grasp of the subject programs according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training, and thoroughly instruct teachers to strictly comply with them, and not to arbitrarily change or distort the program.

To control teaching activities, the principal must rely on the content of the program. Therefore, mastering the teaching program is a prerequisite to ensure effective management of teaching activities. Managing the implementation of the program of secondary school teachers is managing the correct teaching and teaching of all subjects according to the requirements of the regulations.

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