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Survey Rate of Determinants for Planning for Ntm Construction Activities




Figure 4.7 Citizens' suggestions on the level of participation.

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The results of the next survey showed that up to 68.5% of respondents recognized that people's needs and aspirations were decisive factors in planning activities to build new rural areas. Thus, people felt their role in planning activities to build new rural areas.

However, we see that the percentage of people who think that the opinions of the authorities at all levels are the deciding factor is up to 31.5%. This situation partly reflects the reality of the new rural construction taking place in the communes of Quy Nhon city, where most people understand and have the need to contribute their opinions and wishes in the new rural construction, but still always expect the government to participate in planning for all local activities.




Figure 4.8 Survey ratio of decisive factors for planning for new rural construction activities

One good thing is that through the survey, up to 54.9% of the people interviewed were invited to attend meetings to discuss and give opinions on issues related to the construction of the new rural areas. This shows that the local government has been very active in creating conditions for discussion with the people and actively receiving reasonable contributions from the people in the construction of the new rural areas. However, besides that, 35.4% of the people were not invited to attend the meetings and 9.7% of the people were not interested in this. The main reason for the problem is that up to 52.6% of the people interviewed said that they did not have time. Through in-depth interviews, it was shown that, with the characteristics of the people in island and peninsula communes, the man who is the head of the household often goes to work at sea and is away from home at night, so he does not have the conditions to attend meetings to discuss issues related to the construction of the new rural areas. This is also something that the commune-level government needs to pay attention to in order to have a method.


and the time for consultation with people in coastal communes is more appropriate, creating conditions for people to contribute their opinions and wishes.



Figure 4.9 Percentage of people invited to participate in activities related to new rural construction.

Through interviews with a number of households, it is shown that the participation of people from the beginning in planning, making projects to build new rural areas or collecting community opinions for new rural planning is carried out quite well by the commune authorities, but when it comes to collecting people's opinions on which projects should be built first, the level of people's financial and material contributions to the construction of local projects, etc., the localities have not paid much attention.

A noteworthy figure is that 16.8% of respondents said that they were not interested in participating in planning for rural development in their locality. In addition to the reasons mentioned above, there is another subjective reason that local people are only interested in jobs, benefits or public services.


The construction process is directly and practically related to their daily lives, while the work that they describe as being at the "macro" level, of a technical and professional nature, must be the responsibility of the local government, and the people cannot participate. With this shallow awareness of the people, the local government must see more clearly its responsibility to have more appropriate solutions and methods, so that in the short term as well as in the long term, the construction of the new rural area in the locality must truly have the participation and contribution of the people, the participation and ownership role of the rural community in the process of building the new rural area is one of the most important factors to ensure sustainable rural development.

Thus, in participating in discussions and opinions in building new rural areas, there is still a large number of people who do not fully perceive their role, always waiting for the local government to plan activities to build new rural areas in the locality, they are only interested in jobs, benefits or construction works that are directly and practically related to their daily lives. Activities according to regulations that require the participation of the people such as: which works should be built first; the level of money and material contributions of the people for the construction of local works, ... are rarely consulted by the government with the people's opinions, the people mostly only know when starting construction or bringing it to people's meetings, when it is necessary to call for contributions. The level of people's participation according to the scale of "knowing, discussing, doing, checking" tends to decrease gradually. Only activities directly related to people's lives and when it is necessary to contribute costs to build works directly related to the community will have people's participation.


4.2.4 People directly participate in building new rural areas

According to the report of Quy Nhon City People's Committee, the total investment capital for new rural construction in the past 5 years in the city in the period of 2011 - 2015 was 156,633 million VND, of which people's contribution was 17,348 million VND, accounting for 11.1%. ( Summary report of 5 years of implementing the National Target Program on new rural construction in the period of


2011-2015 period, and implementation of tasks for the period 2016-2020, Quy Nhon City People's Committee, 2016 ) If we include the contribution of the people such as: donated land area of ​​76,282 m2 , participation in over 8,200 working days in local construction projects, self-investment in the process of production development, self-renovation and repair of fences, gates, toilets, ... then it can be said that the contribution of the people when participating in the construction of the new rural area accounts for a very important part.

The forms of people's contributions are also very diverse, from contributing money, donating land to working days. 42.6% of households participated in contributing working days, 25.4% of households donated land, 15.6% of households contributed money, and 9.8% of households participated in kind. This is completely understandable, because people in rural areas with low incomes have limited financial contributions. On the other hand, these are purely agricultural and purely fishing communes with the majority of workers working in agriculture and fishing, so participating in working days will be suitable for the ability to build common works in the locality.



Figure 4.10 Forms of people's contributions


* Some typical models of direct participation of people: Rural road construction model

One of the infrastructure projects in the 4 surveyed communes that the government and people are interested in and choose to prioritize is the asphalting and concrete of traffic routes. This is of great interest to the people and they enthusiastically participate in meetings organized by the commune when collecting community opinions on the construction of local traffic routes. After 5 years of implementation, the 4 communes building new rural areas of Quy Nhon city have built 21.41 km of commune roads, 26.27 km of village roads, 30.81 km of alley roads, 10.93 km of intra-field roads, the traffic system to the commune People's Committee headquarters and the main roads of the commune, village, and hamlet have been built and basically completed, creating favorable conditions for people to travel and live. As of December 2015, all 4 communes met the traffic criteria.

In the construction of rural roads, the commune authorities have mobilized the people's strength from donating land to build rural roads. According to the report of Quy Nhon City People's Committee, 476 households have donated land to build rural roads and some social security works with a total area of ​​76,282 m2 , worth more than 1,947 million VND (according to state prices). (Summary report of 5 years of implementing the National Target Program on New Rural Construction in the period of 2011-2015, and deploying tasks in the period of 2016-2020).

A remarkable success worth noting about the good way of doing things of the commune authorities is that they mobilized the entire political system to participate in propaganda and mobilizing people to participate in building roads. The communes organized meetings to get people's opinions on which road sections needed to be constructed first, how much the road was widened, how people would participate and contribute, reminding each other to dismantle fences themselves, participate in the construction process, etc. Therefore, the cost of compensation and site clearance before construction was insignificant, people voluntarily dismantled fences, cleaned up


trees, architectural objects to hand over the site, participate in the labor day, create the best conditions for the construction unit. After completion, some main roads were assigned to the commune-level associations in charge in the form of "Self-managed roads", coordinating with the branches in the villages to regularly carry out the work of weeding the roadside, maintaining hygiene, and handling and patching small damages. Therefore, up to now, when asking the opinions of people in the 04 communes, the most satisfied with the implementation of the new rural construction program is the construction of rural roads.

Hybrid rice production model


Among the criteria for evaluating NTM, the income criterion is one of the criteria that authorities at all levels pay close attention to and direct. From the beginning, the province has had a policy of implementing the transformation of crop structure, economic restructuring, based on the characteristics and advantages of each locality to form large-scale specialized areas, promulgating policies to support seed prices, preferential loans, technical support, etc. Thanks to that, many localities have proactively applied it in practice, taking advantage of the support of specialized agencies, businesses and especially the proactiveness of the people, so the income criterion has been achieved early in the localities.

One of the programs that is considered successful and contributes to changing the face of the countryside is the hybrid rice production program implemented in Phuoc My commune. Since the beginning of the New Rural Development Program, the hybrid rice production program has received attention and direction from authorities at all levels. This is considered one of the solutions to transform the crop structure to intensify farming, increase productivity and rice output, in order to increase the income value per hectare of cultivation, and increase income for local people.

However, when it was first implemented in localities, the program encountered resistance from many farmers for the following reasons: people had no experience in producing hybrid rice; the amount of hybrid rice seeds when sown was too little, only 2 - 2.5 kg/sao (500m2 ) while pure rice had been sown for a long time at 6 - 8 kg/sao, how could there be enough seeds to sow, if


affected by floods, rats eat and there is no rice to harvest; hybrid rice production requires additional investment in fertilizers, pesticides, care, high costs, etc.

To make people believe in the program, the Economic Department and the City Agricultural Extension Station discussed and agreed with Phuoc My commune to select about 2-4 sao of rice fields in each village and to choose the field owners who must be advanced and active to build demonstration models of hybrid rice production. Technical staff of the Economic Department and the City Agricultural Extension Station went down to the villages and hamlets to increase technical support for the field owners, organize direct guidance and instruction in a "hands-on" manner for the field owners to carry out the stages in the production process. The results of the demonstration models were successful beyond expectations: the average hybrid rice yield reached 72-78 quintals/ha (previously pure rice in the commune only reached 45-50 quintals/ha), rice was less susceptible to pests and diseases, the cost of buying fertilizer and pesticides was not much higher than pure rice production, hybrid rice tasted better, the selling price of hybrid rice was 600-800 VND/kg higher than pure rice depending on the time, ...

From the initial results of the demonstration models, the local government coordinated with specialized agencies to organize field workshops right at the model owners' fields, inviting all farmers in the production area to visit the field and evaluate the results of hybrid rice production. A good way is that the person reporting the results and the implementation process of the model is the field owner who directly produces hybrid rice, not the technical staff. The questions of the people were explained clearly and easily by the field owner, so the farmers who came to visit were truly convinced of the advantages of hybrid rice varieties. At the field workshop and at the village and hamlet meetings later when discussing the expansion of hybrid rice production, the people who had visited the field and the owners of the model fields stood up and expressed their high consensus on applying hybrid rice production, explaining to other farmers when they disagreed with the program, and most of the meetings ended with the result that the majority of people decided to apply hybrid rice production in the next crop.

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