previously published. Based on the inheritance of available research results, the researcher has supplemented and developed scientific and practical arguments suitable for the purpose and research objectives of the thesis.
During the research process, these documents are continuously updated, supplemented and analyzed in detail to find out the appropriate and necessary content for the thesis. This method is used in the research in the chapters: chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3.
4.2.2. Sociological investigation methods
To carry out the research task, in addition to data and information obtained from secondary sources, the author collected primary information through sociological research methods, including qualitative research methods (in-depth interviews) and quantitative research methods (questionnaire interviews).
- Questionnaire survey: the author conducted a questionnaire survey on functional agencies and voluntary social insurance participants; the survey form was built into 02 samples, according to two groups of survey subjects to find out the differences or similarities between the assessment of voluntary social insurance policy and proposed changes to improve the policy.
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Form No. 1 : for the group of subjects who are experts in the field of social insurance, including: officials and civil servants of the Social Insurance Department - Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; researchers of the Institute of Labor and Social Affairs - Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; officials of Vietnam Social Insurance at all levels; officials of the Department, Division of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; lecturers of the Social Insurance Faculty - University of Labor and Social Affairs; lecturers teaching and researching public policy and social policy of the National Academy of Public Administration.
Based on the research purpose, time and budget, the author used a non-random, purposeful sampling method for these subjects. The survey form was sent to subjects in the provinces of Lai Chau, Lang Son, Son La, Dak Nong, Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue, Hung Yen, Ho Chi Minh City using the Google Forms tool. The form was designed on the Google Forms application of Drive, including 3 parts: Part 1 introduces the purpose
survey; Part 2 survey content; Part 3 personal information. The questions are designed in the form of multiple answer options and are mandatory, except for the question in part 3 which is not mandatory for information about full name, the survey respondent can leave this question blank. This form is sent directly via email, zalo by sharing the link, the survey participant answers directly via email and sends it back to the surveyor.
Form 2 : for voluntary social insurance participants. This form is used to survey workers who are voluntary social insurance participants such as freelance workers and farmers in the following provinces and cities: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Thua Thien Hue. The number of ballots issued is 500, 413 were received, but the number of usable ballots is 340. The survey subjects of the thesis include both freelance workers in urban areas and farmers in rural areas; the survey subjects are diverse in terms of ethnicity and occupation; income level and marital status.
Data processing method : after collecting the questionnaires, the thesis author used SPSS software, EXCEL and Google Forms tool to process the collected information; set up illustrative tables and charts; use these results as evidence for the thesis content.
- In-depth interview method:
Expert interviews : During the thesis, the researcher used the interview method, discussed and asked for experts' opinions on voluntary social insurance policies and directions for improving voluntary social insurance policies. The experts invited for interviews included: 02 lecturers researching public policy and social issues of the National Academy of Public Administration; 02 experts from the Institute of Social Labor Science Research, 01 expert from the Department of Social Insurance, Ministry of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs; 01 expert from the International Labor Organization (ILO); leaders of social insurance agencies of some provinces and cities such as Hung Yen, Dak Nong, Thua Thien Hue, Hanoi. The total number of experts interviewed by the thesis author was 10 people. The thesis mainly used the results of these interviews to explain
Understand the basic issues of the thesis, find suitable solutions to perfect the voluntary social insurance policy.
Interviewing voluntary social insurance participants : The author of the thesis interviewed people who have participated in voluntary social insurance and those who have not participated in social insurance to find out the comments, assessments, wishes and suggestions of workers regarding voluntary social insurance.
4.2.3. Comparison method
To have objective assessments, during the analysis process, the researcher conducted a comparison method of the current situation and solutions to improve voluntary social insurance policies in Vietnam compared to some countries, thereby drawing lessons for Vietnam.
4.2.4. Synthetic analysis method
This method has been used by the researcher throughout the research process of the thesis. To carry out the research purpose and tasks, the researcher uses this method to systematize and create a scientific basis for voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam. On that basis, propose solutions to improve the policy.
5. Research questions and hypotheses
5.1. Research questions
- What research projects have been done in the world and in Vietnam on voluntary social insurance policies?
- What is the scientific basis for voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam?
- What factors affect voluntary social insurance policies?
- What is the current voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam?
- What solutions are needed to improve voluntary social insurance policies in Vietnam?
5.2. Research hypothesis
The 2006 amended and supplemented Law on Social Insurance for the first time regulated the implementation of voluntary social insurance and the 2014 Law on Social Insurance has many amended and supplemented regulations.
to attract employees to participate in voluntary social insurance. These regulations and policy solutions are proposed on the basis of studying the characteristics of voluntary social insurance in Vietnam and referring to and learning from experiences in implementing voluntary social insurance in the world. However, the number of people participating in voluntary social insurance is still very small, accounting for a small proportion of the group of subjects eligible to participate. The reason is that the voluntary social insurance policy still does not have flexible short-term regimes; the State's support is not much; people do not have confidence in the policy. Therefore, researching and finding solutions to implement a new voluntary social insurance policy that is scientific, synchronous and suitable to the reality of Vietnam will overcome the shortcomings and weaknesses in the current voluntary social insurance policy, increase the coverage of voluntary social insurance, and enhance the self-security ability of employees.
6. New contributions of the topic
- From the system of research methods and theories used in the research process, the thesis has made new theoretical contributions in the analysis of voluntary social insurance policies in Vietnam. In addition to systematizing concepts related to the thesis topic such as the concept of social insurance, the concept of public policy, the thesis has supplemented and developed the concept of voluntary social insurance, social insurance policy and voluntary social insurance policy as the basis for the research of the thesis.
- The thesis has analyzed to determine the factors affecting the voluntary social insurance policy based on the system of previous studies on voluntary social insurance. However, because the studies have focused on the development potential and factors affecting the development of voluntary social insurance, the system of factors affecting the voluntary social insurance policy has not been determined . Therefore, the thesis has analyzed and determined the factors affecting the voluntary social insurance policy such as: voluntary social insurance institutions; natural, economic and social characteristics of the country; capacity of human resources in the field of social insurance; financial capacity, awareness of stakeholders in the field of social insurance; development trends of commercial insurance through these factors to analyze the development trends and find directions to improve the voluntary social insurance policy.
- The thesis has analyzed, evaluated the current situation and found out the limitations of voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam and the causes of those limitations. In addition to the causes pointed out by some studies, the thesis has identified and added new causes such as the position of voluntary social insurance policy is not high, not commensurate in the relationship with compulsory social insurance; State investment in voluntary social insurance policy is still limited; some local leaders' direction on developing voluntary social insurance is not yet resolute; and violations in the social insurance system have undermined people's trust in the social insurance policy. Finding new limitations helps the thesis identify directions and solutions to improve voluntary social insurance policy.
- In addition to systematizing the views of the Party and the State on voluntary social insurance policy, the thesis has proposed five views as a basis for proposing solutions. The views of the thesis on voluntary social insurance policy include: social insurance policy needs to be implemented on the principle that participating in social insurance is both a right and a responsibility of employees; enhancing the role and position of voluntary social insurance policy; people's trust in the social insurance system is an important basis affecting the success of voluntary social insurance policy; implementation of voluntary social insurance policy content must be based on the level of socio-economic development in each period; voluntary social insurance policy must be synchronous and linked with other social policies.
The thesis has identified opportunities and challenges for implementing the voluntary social insurance policy objectives and proposed solutions to improve the voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam. In addition to the solutions that have been published in previous studies but still have practical and scientific value up to now, the thesis has proposed new solutions with high practicality and feasibility such as proposing to supplement the sick leave and occupational accident regime; proposing a new level of support for voluntary social insurance participants; mobilizing non-state resources to support the voluntary social insurance fund; proposing to include propaganda about the voluntary social insurance policy in the general education curriculum; mobilizing the participation of the system
politics in implementing voluntary social insurance policy goals and linking voluntary social insurance policy with other socio-economic policies.
7. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis
Firstly, the thesis contributes to perfecting the theory of voluntary social insurance policy;
Second, the thesis contributes to perfecting voluntary social insurance policies, proposing changes in both policy content and policy implementation, thereby achieving the goal of expanding the coverage of voluntary social insurance;
- The new contributions from the research results can be used as reference materials for industry managers and local authorities in Vietnam on voluntary social insurance policies. The thesis can also be used as reference materials for research, teaching on voluntary social insurance policies and building and perfecting the system of related policies and laws.
8. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis is structured into 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research on voluntary social insurance policy
Chapter 2: Scientific basis of voluntary social insurance policy Chapter 3: Current status of voluntary social insurance policy in Vietnam Chapter 4: Viewpoints and solutions to improve social insurance policy
volunteer in Vietnam
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON VOLUNTARY SOCIAL INSURANCE POLICY
1.1. Studies on social insurance policies
1.1.1. Research works in the world
Butler, Richard J (1999), The Economics of Social Insurance and Employee Benefits , This book examines employee benefits, including: first, government-mandated non-wage benefits such as workers' compensation, unemployment insurance, and social security benefits; and second, benefits provided voluntarily by employers such as group health care, disability benefits, paid sick time, pensions, life insurance, and other types of benefits. The book is divided into three parts. Part one briefly introduces these benefit programs and discusses some economic and insurance concepts that are useful both in evaluating current programs and in understanding what changes might mean for future costs and benefits. The next two parts of the book deal with social insurance programs and employer-provided benefits, respectively.
Marcelo, B., & Guillermo, C. (2014), Work and tax evasion incentive effects of social insurance programs: Evidence from an employment-based benefit extension, This paper examines how social insurance programs shape the incentives for individuals to take up registered employment and report earnings to the tax authorities. The analysis is based on a social insurance reform in Uruguay that extended health insurance coverage to dependent children of registered private sector workers. The identification strategy is based on a comparison between individuals with and without dependent children before and after the reform. The reform increased the number of registered jobs eligible for benefits, but this was mainly due to an increase in new labor force participation rather than a shift from non-employment.
registered to registered employment of workers. The change was larger for the groups of parents with young children and cohabiting adults. Finally, the reform increased the proportion reporting paid income above pre-reform levels by 25%, mainly for workers in small businesses.
ILO (2015), Extending the social security coverage for farmers in the Republic of Moldova: findings and recommendations based on the social security assessment survey . Effective policies and strategies for extending social security coverage to farmers must be based on an in-depth analysis of target groups, and an assessment of their social security needs and the services available to them. To this end, a social security assessment survey was conducted in November 2015 to collect baseline data on living conditions, household income structure and social security coverage status of Moldovan farmers. This report focuses on the following contents: reviewing existing social security policies and related tax policies for farmers; presenting the main results of the statistical survey as well as focus group discussions; summarizes key issues in extending social security coverage to farmers and discusses their policy implications.
Ben Braham Mehdi (2016), Pension Systems Contribution Determinants: a Cross Sectional Analysis on Tunisia. This article presents an analysis of pension coverage based on contribution density. This approach is justified by the fact that coverage rates do not provide a clear indication of effective contributions and in particular cannot explain the low private sector pensions observed in many developing countries. After calculating the contribution share of private sector workers in Tunisia, an econometric analysis based on administrative data identifies the determinants of this share. The results show that the contribution shares of the most vulnerable groups are very low compared to other workers. Women are more likely to contribute to the pension system and the contribution density decreases with the size of the enterprise.