Voluntary Social Insurance Policy Evaluation

All implementing agencies from central to local levels must make plans that include the following steps:

+ Plan on organization and operation such as system of participating agencies, staff, implementation mechanism;

+ Plan to provide material resources such as finance and equipment;

+ Implementation schedule;

+ Plan to inspect and urge policy implementation;

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+ Plan on regulations, content, organization and implementation of voluntary social insurance policy.

In the step of developing a plan to implement the voluntary social insurance policy, tasks such as determining human resources, material resources, and policy implementation time are always carefully considered.

Step 2: Organize the implementation of voluntary social insurance policy

After documents, programs, and projects are issued and approved, the implementing entities are assigned the responsibility to organize the implementation of the documents, and to implement these programs and projects. The specific content of organizing the implementation of documents, programs, and projects is different. However, it can be summarized into the following activities:

- Propaganda and dissemination of voluntary social insurance policy.

This is also the next step after the policy has been approved, helping people and authorities at all levels raise awareness, understand the goals and contents of the voluntary social insurance policy, thereby helping the policy to be implemented smoothly and effectively. To do this, it is necessary to invest in professional qualifications, political qualities, technical equipment, and means to convey information about the voluntary social insurance policy to agencies and human resources for implementation.

For voluntary social insurance policies, propaganda must be carried out regularly and continuously, both before and during the policy implementation. To effectively propagate, it is necessary to use many different forms such as contact

directly, indirectly; on mass media, through local loudspeakers.

- Assign and coordinate the implementation of voluntary social insurance policies.

A policy is often implemented in a large area and many organizations participate, so there must be coordination and reasonable division of labor to complete the task well. On the other hand, the activities to implement the goals are extremely diverse and complex, they are intertwined, promote each other, and restrain each other, so it is necessary to coordinate between levels and sectors to implement the policy.

If this activity takes place according to the policy implementation process in a proactive, scientific and creative manner, it will be highly effective and maintain stability.

When implementing, it is necessary to clearly assign tasks and coordinate synchronously between levels and sectors; it is necessary to closely coordinate between state management agencies on social insurance, the social insurance sector and relevant agencies.

- Adjust voluntary social insurance policy.

This is necessary and happens regularly during the policy implementation process, and is carried out by competent State agencies (usually the agency that sets the policy has the right to make adjustments).

Adjustments must maintain the original policy objectives, only adjusting the measures and mechanisms to implement the objectives. This activity must be extremely careful and precise, not distorting the original policy.

Adjusting voluntary social insurance policies to edit, innovate and supplement the subjects, objectives and contents of the policy to suit reality.

- Monitor, inspect and urge the implementation of voluntary social insurance policy.

Any implementation must be monitored and supervised to ensure that these policies are properly implemented and that all resources are effectively used.

State agencies conduct inspections and if conducted regularly, it helps managers grasp the implementation of policies and thereby make accurate conclusions about policies.

Inspection activities also help implementing entities recognize their limitations in order to make adjustments, supplements, and improvements to improve the effectiveness of the policy.

Inspection and monitoring are important to implement the policy mechanism for the right subjects, detect violations and handle them promptly. It can be said that this step is very important, because if the inspection and examination of the implementation of the social insurance policy is not seriously implemented, it will affect the effectiveness of the policy.

Step 3: Summarize and conclude the implementation of voluntary social insurance

Periodically, public policy implementing entities conduct interim and final reviews of implementation results. The interim and final reviews of policy implementation are conducted from bottom to top.

This step is carried out continuously during the period of maintaining the voluntary social insurance policy. During this process, the policy can be evaluated in part or in its entirety. This evaluation activity must be carried out for both State agencies and policy implementers.

In the interim and final reports, mid-term evaluation reports and final evaluation reports, it is necessary to clearly show the implementation process, achieved results, limitations and propose recommendations to superiors to handle difficulties in implementation organization.

2.2.3.3. Evaluation of voluntary social insurance policy

Public policy evaluation is the stage of examining the impact of public policy on each subject or development process, measuring the results and effectiveness of a policy in practice after implementing the policy. Policy evaluation honestly examines the output results of activities in the public policy process, systematically assesses the impacts brought about by the implementation of public policy solutions and compares it with the original goals to determine the level of achievement of the desired goals in terms of quantity and quality [66.p319].

Public policy evaluations are systematic, process-based activities that examine all aspects of an intervention.

policies (inputs, implementation activities, outputs and impacts) and how to use resources effectively [60.p19].

Thus, there are different views on policy evaluation. There is a view that policy evaluation only evaluates the output or effectiveness of policy implementation; there is a view that policy evaluation can be carried out at all stages of the policy process and has many different forms (pre-evaluation; post-evaluation; performance evaluation; impact evaluation; cross-evaluation; baseline, mid-term and end-term evaluation).

Policy evaluation aims to provide government agencies with useful and timely information to manage, coordinate resources and make policy interventions if necessary.

Assessment of voluntary social insurance policy aims to provide state agencies operating in the field of voluntary social insurance with sufficient information and evidence to plan and implement voluntary social insurance policy; to make timely policy interventions to improve and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the policy.

The criteria commonly used in public policy evaluation in general are policy effectiveness; policy efficiency; assessment of policy equity; policy responsiveness and comprehensiveness.

Policy effectiveness reflects the extent to which policy objectives are achieved. Policy effectiveness has both theoretical and practical effects. For voluntary social insurance policies, policy effectiveness is assessed in terms of whether the policy is widely known; whether the policy is implemented and enforced in practice by relevant agencies;

The effectiveness of a policy reflects the relationship between the results achieved and the input resources of the policy. Evaluation of effectiveness aims to evaluate the costs of the policy, so it is necessary to determine the input and output costs of the policy. Evaluation of effectiveness is especially meaningful for implementing a policy in conditions of limited resources and funding. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the voluntary social insurance policy also requires determining the input and output costs of the voluntary social insurance policy.

Evaluating the fairness of a policy is closely related to the issue of distribution, addressing the relationship between resource allocation and the impact and effectiveness of the policy. For voluntary social insurance policies, the requirements for fairness are fairness in policy position compared to compulsory social insurance; attention, investment in resources and actions to achieve policy goals; direction of action to achieve fairness for voluntary social insurance participants compared to compulsory social insurance participants.

Policy responsiveness reflects whether a policy satisfies the needs and values of the policy's target groups or related groups. Policy responsiveness reflects the actual effectiveness and partly demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of the policy in practice. The responsiveness of voluntary social insurance policy reflects whether the policy meets the needs of related parties such as policy participants, policy implementers and policy managers. Concerned with the responsiveness of voluntary social insurance policy means concerned with whether the policy is actually effective, the usefulness and the possibility of success of the policy. The responsiveness of voluntary social insurance policy can be assessed by the coverage of social insurance policy and the growth rate of the number of voluntary social insurance participants.

Comprehensiveness of policy satisfies issues such as the level of coverage of the policy for the problem to be solved; whether the policy content has fully covered all aspects or not. Each policy problem has many aspects to be solved; many policy options; many methods of policy implementation and a system of goals. Assessing the comprehensiveness of policy is to pay full attention to the above contents and arrange and solve each of those issues.

In fact, to evaluate the voluntary social insurance policy, we can use the criteria of the rate of increase in the number of voluntary social insurance participants, the rate of voluntary social insurance coverage, and the rate of increase in the rate of voluntary social insurance coverage.

2.3. Factors affecting voluntary social insurance policy

2.3.1. Institutions on voluntary social insurance

The viewpoint and stance of the political regime on an issue in a country will determine the existence, development or decline of that issue. If the issue is of interest, the State will invest resources and funds to develop it and vice versa, if the issue is not of interest or importance, the issue will not have the opportunity to develop.

The viewpoints of the ruling party and the state are not only the basis for forming the political system but also the basis for forming other necessary conditions for implementing policies such as: apparatus; human resources; financial resources and scientific research, international cooperation in that field.

Social insurance policy is a type of public policy, the core policy of social security policy. Voluntary social insurance is a complete piece to complete and expand the coverage of social insurance policy. Therefore, the state leadership and management institutions greatly influence the voluntary social insurance policy. Factors belonging to the leadership institutions such as the political determination of the ruling party, demonstrated through participation in the international conventions on social security of the ILO and the United Nations; the determination to develop voluntary social insurance of the political system at all levels... will affect the voluntary social insurance policy.

The birth and development of voluntary social insurance policy is greatly influenced by the thinking and political views on voluntary social insurance policy of the leadership institution. Social insurance is a policy that has been implemented for a long time, but mainly developed in the working environment with labor relations, the formal employment sector. The development of voluntary social insurance or social insurance for farmers and informal workers stems from the awareness of the need to ensure social security for all workers.

From political determination, necessary conditions for voluntary social insurance participation have also been issued, such as improving administrative procedures, financial investment, changing policy implementation methods, and close coordination between agencies.

Social Insurance and related agencies to implement voluntary social insurance will make voluntary social insurance easier to access, learn about and participate in.

As in Vietnam, at first, social insurance only existed in the collective economic sector and the state economic sector. Later, when the economic and political institutions were reformed, social insurance was implemented in other economic sectors but still only applied to the sector with labor relations. Workers in the informal economic sector and farmers were still not subject to compulsory social insurance. In fact, this policy led to shortcomings such as difficulties in developing social insurance participants. With the promulgation of Resolution 28-NQ/TW on reforming social insurance policies in Vietnam, including voluntary social insurance, voluntary social insurance has created a new political position for voluntary social insurance after 10 years of its inception. From a policy issued mainly to perfect the meaning of social insurance policies, with little attention from authorities at all levels to implement, up to now, voluntary social insurance policies have become an important component of social insurance policies and social security policies for informal workers in Vietnam.

2.3.2. Natural characteristics and level of socio-economic development of the country

The birth of social insurance is influenced by the natural conditions of each country. The more favorable the natural conditions, the higher the people's ability to earn high income, so they will accumulate and reinvest, reducing risks in life. On the contrary, if the natural conditions are unfavorable, with many natural disasters, people's need for insurance will increase to protect their assets and income. This is also the inevitable need that makes the insurance industry born. Therefore, the more unfavorable the natural conditions are, the more necessary social insurance becomes for people.

The economic development conditions of the country and localities affect the success of developing voluntary social insurance policies. Economic development conditions and high economic growth will lead to improvements in the lives of the whole society. At this time, people will be interested in the quality of life and the way to improve the quality of life is to protect income through insurance.

Characteristics of economic structure and economic sectors also affect voluntary social insurance policies. In countries with developed economies and modern economic structures, workers mainly work in the economic sector with labor relations, the number of workers in the informal sector is small, so the formation or non-formation of voluntary social insurance policies does not have a big impact. However, in countries with underdeveloped economies and a large number of workers in the informal sector, the formation of voluntary social insurance policies for workers with disabilities is a mandatory condition to ensure social security.

The development of the education system also affects the voluntary social insurance policy. With the development of education and the improvement of people's intellectual level, people will form a civilized, disciplined lifestyle, and voluntarily participate in social insurance. On the contrary, if education is poorly developed and people's intellectual level is not high, people will not understand about social insurance, about the necessity of social insurance, and will think that social insurance is unreliable and unsafe. These are the things that cause difficulties in developing voluntary social insurance policies.

Population characteristics have a decisive influence on the establishment and success of voluntary social insurance policies. Characteristics of population, labor, employment and income will create the reality of whether or not society has a need for voluntary social insurance. If there is "demand", there must be "supply" to meet it, this is an objective necessity of society. If the population is young, the number of people of working age is high, the number of pensioners will be low and there will not be an income crisis for the elderly. But if the population is aging and aging, the need to create income security for the elderly becomes urgent and the State cannot help but act to create this security. Therefore, characteristics of population size, structure and quality have a direct influence on the formation and development of social insurance policies.

Voluntary social insurance policies are also affected by the polarization of rich and poor in society in countries. Different income status leads to the trend of polarization of rich and poor in society. For those with average and high incomes in the informal sector, the contribution level is not an issue.

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