Some Measures to Manage Natural Science Teaching Activities in the Orientation of Developing Students' Capacity in Secondary Schools

3.1.4. Ensuring consistency

The ultimate goal of educational management is to improve the quality of teaching and learning, to produce the "best product" that is recognized by parents and society. It is not simple, a series of measures must be built synchronously in correlation with each other, supporting each other to have results. Therefore, it requires managers to have vision, deep understanding, determination to propose measures according to their intentions and direct their implementation synchronously. However, there are key measures, supporting measures, but that does not mean that this measure is important, other measures are overlooked, creating a gap when implementing management goals.

3.1.5. Ensuring practicality

The practicality of the measures is appropriate to the circumstances, conditions, resources (human resources, material resources, financial resources), and educational environment of the school, on the basis of strict compliance with the regulations set forth by the Ministry of Education and Training, in order to meet practical requirements.

3.1.6. Ensuring feasibility and effectiveness

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To achieve this, when developing measures, it is necessary to ensure scientificity, in the process with specific and precise steps. The measures must be verified, tested in an objective manner and have high feasibility. The measures must be widely implemented and adjusted to be increasingly perfected.

This requirement requires that the proposed measures can be conveniently applied to the management practices of secondary school managers, become a reality and bring high efficiency in performing the management functions of managers.

3.2. Some measures to manage teaching activities of Natural Science subject according to the orientation of developing students' capacity in secondary schools in Nam Po district, Dien Bien province

Based on theoretical research and analysis of survey results on the current status of management of teaching and learning activities of Natural Sciences in the direction of developing implementation capacity at secondary schools in Nam Po district, I propose the following groups of measures:

3.2.1. Organize propaganda to change the awareness of managers and teachers about the importance of teaching Natural Science in the direction of capacity development.

Perception is a process of reflecting and reproducing reality into human thinking. Therefore, to change the practice of managing teaching activities to improve the effectiveness of implementing the goal of improving the quality of Natural Sciences, the first issue is to influence managers, teachers, students and students' families to have a correct understanding of the role, goals, significance and importance as well as the existing problems in the current situation of managing teaching activities to unify the will, actions to propose and implement measures to ensure both necessity and feasibility. This is an urgent requirement in the current situation of implementing teaching activities in Natural Sciences in secondary schools.

3.2.1.1. Objectives of the measure

The team of managers and teachers of Natural Science must clearly understand that teaching is a special activity in the school, the most basic route to achieve educational goals, grasp the modern teaching perspective, is an interactive process between (Teacher-Student, Student-Student, Student-Teacher) in which "Learning" is the core activity; learners are the object of "Teaching" activity and also the subject of learning activities. Learning activities of students in Natural Science are organized, directed and controlled by teachers in the process of discovering and searching for knowledge, creative thinking, and developing learners' practical capacity.

But in the face of the current situation of the quality of the spearhead still facing difficulties, a number of managers and teachers are still afraid of difficulties, lack confidence, have not renewed their thinking, and have not dared to invest... Therefore, in order to gather and mobilize both forces into a unified block, determined to direct and implement the resolution on the goal of improving the quality of Natural Science subjects, developing the potential for the goal of "cultivating talents", it is necessary to flexibly apply and raise awareness and perception for managers and teachers.

3.2.1.2. Content and implementation

The impact content is to raise awareness of management science, pedagogical science and educational innovation issues, foster a sense of responsibility for the task of educational innovation in general and Natural Science in particular in secondary schools in the current situation.

Conduct propaganda for managers and teachers of Natural Sciences and other forces in society to understand the important role of teaching activities in the direction of capacity development, specifically the implementation of Resolution No. 29-NQ/TW dated November 4, 2013 of the 8th Conference of the 11th Central Executive Committee on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training; in which it is necessary to overcome the most fundamental limitation, which is the situation of teaching and learning in the way of imposing one-way transmission and mechanical memorization.

Teaching in the direction of developing practical capacity, the teacher is the guide; the teacher is the main agent in trying to create the best conditions for learners to explore, discover and receive new knowledge; the pedagogical ability of the teacher helps students develop their learning capacity right in the classroom. Teachers need to pay attention to imparting knowledge from teaching materials; Organizing, designing activities, supporting learners to have the highest level of learning and thinking methods.

All managers and teachers must be deeply aware that innovation in goals, programs, content, teaching methods, and assessment is very important. Therefore, they must constantly study and improve their professional qualifications to perform well in teaching tasks in order to perform well in teaching from the perspective of developing learners' capacity and qualities; fostering students' learning methods, learning habits, and self-study methods such as learning through books and other official information channels... thereby students strive to strive in the learning process to achieve teachers' teaching goals.

For students who are the main force in the teaching activities of natural sciences, they must have a correct perception of the role and significance of studying natural sciences. From the correct perception, it will create a basis for determining learning goals and personal striving directions. The task of managers is to influence, propagate, and educate students to study natural sciences not only to expand and improve subject knowledge but also to develop talents, practice learning skills, and teachers to promptly meet the learning needs in modern society. The impact on students' cognition must be appropriate to the psychological characteristics of their age, avoiding being heavy, reluctant, and imposing.

3.2.1.3. Implementation conditions

It is necessary to concretize the guidelines and policies of the Party and the State, the directives of the school year at all levels into the school plan with specific actions and solutions, closely linked to the tasks of each individual and collective in the school. In order to help teachers and managers properly grasp educational innovation, consider it necessary to implement, grasp the requirements of textbooks compiled by experts, from the program, content, active teaching methods... Equip teachers with the necessary knowledge and professional skills to meet the requirements of innovative teaching methods in the direction of developing students' capacity, initiative, creativity and self-study ability. Provide guidance on how to design and develop teaching plans, use teaching equipment, innovate testing and assessment of students' learning outcomes...

Regularly organize training for teachers on how to innovate teaching activities in the direction of developing students' capacity from official documents compiled by the Ministry of Education and Training. According to statistics, the majority of secondary school teachers (except for a good and excellent group), the rest are still confused in applying new teaching methods when textbooks are adjusted and supplemented. Therefore, teacher training does not stop and be satisfied with professional training courses organized by the Department of Education and Training.

The organization is to give teachers more time to study and research, provide more facilities, and create comfortable working conditions for teachers.

In Nam Po, there are still limitations: Some teachers and staff have not realized the importance of studying and improving their professional qualifications, so their qualifications are weak, not meeting the requirements of educational innovation and the form of organizing teaching and learning in the direction of developing students' capacity, the application of information technology in schools is still weak... Therefore, the Department of Education and Training has consulted with the District People's Committee and the Department of Education and Training for teachers and staff to participate in training courses to improve their professional qualifications, promote the movement of self-study and self-training of each individual teacher, especially paying attention to teachers who know ethnic languages, have a sense of responsibility, are conscientious about their profession, are not afraid of difficulties, are ready to serve students in remote areas, remote areas, and areas with special difficulties.

3.2.2. Strictly manage the objectives, programs and teaching content of Natural Sciences according to the orientation of capacity development.

3.2.2.1. Objectives of the measure

Natural Science teachers must be aware of and understand the objectives, programs, and content of Natural Science at secondary school level, which is to form specialized Natural Science competencies for students, which are: Knowledge competencies combining the content and knowledge of three subjects in the current general education program: Biology, Chemistry, and Physics; Scientific research competencies (Observation competencies, Experimental competencies) and laboratory competencies, and competencies to solve problems related to Natural Science, linked to knowledge in practical life.

Ensure strict management of the development and implementation of the Natural Science program and content, ensuring adequate professional conditions for teachers to implement the teaching program on schedule for the school year and achieve the set goals.

To create for teachers the habit and ability to develop scientific teaching plans, be creative and effective, enhance the sense of discipline, teaching order and discipline to meet the requirements of innovation in teaching Natural Science today to meet the requirements of educational innovation.

3.2.2.2. Content and implementation

Direct and organize the unification of the development of goals, programs, and teaching content of Natural Sciences in the direction of developing implementation capacity based on the framework program prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training as a basis. The school manages the development and implementation of the program and teaching content of Natural Sciences depending on the actual conditions of the school but must ensure the set goals.

To ensure the implementation and good implementation of the program, the manager needs to synchronously deploy measures such as implementing directive documents, training, coaching, motivating and encouraging teachers to complete their tasks; creating conditions for teachers in terms of time to do a good job in professional work such as reducing meeting time, arranging reasonable schedules; organizing discussions and evaluations on the content, program, methods and measures of program implementation. In addition, there should be measures to direct, inspect and evaluate the implementation of the content and program of each teacher, such as checking the teaching schedule, the number of notes on the progress of program implementation, checking the teaching plan book on the program implementation plan, checking the class notebook on the plan for implementing the lecture program...

Managers need to direct professional teams to effectively manage the implementation of teachers' content and programs, and have measures to organize and guide teachers to grasp new points of the program in order to absorb and adapt to the innovation of textbooks or requirements on knowledge and skills standards in the program. In addition, it is necessary to inspect and supervise the implementation of teachers' content and programs, and report to the school teachers who have achievements in applying teaching in the direction of capacity development.

bring high efficiency. At the same time, promptly correct and criticize cases that have not implemented the correct program and subject content, intentionally deviate from the program and content, and lack flexibility in teaching.

3.2.2.3. Implementation conditions

Managers and teachers must be people who deeply understand and take the lead in building and implementing the goals, programs, and teaching content of Natural Sciences in the direction of developing practical capacity.

Reasonable teaching assignment, ensuring teaching according to the correct topics (Chemistry, Biology, Physics) according to the curriculum distribution structure of the Ministry of Education and Training brings stability to each school year, avoiding disruption and changing teachers that affect the subject teaching plan that teachers have built.

Must ensure adequate documents, learning materials, facilities, and equipment to implement the program and teaching content of Natural Science according to the capacity development orientation.

Focus on regular training for teachers in concentrated forms, or through "connected school" websites so that teachers can learn and share experiences in teaching students, have a timely reward and encouragement system, and encourage teachers to achieve high achievements in teaching.

3.2.3. Organize training to innovate teaching methods of Natural Sciences in the direction of developing practical capacity.

3.2.3.1. Objectives of the measure

The purpose of innovating teaching methods in schools today is to promote students' activities such as promoting their self-study ability, promoting their positivity, initiative and creative potential in each student. This is the general trend of educational innovation and also a special feature of modern teaching methods to meet the requirements of fundamental and comprehensive educational innovation today. Therefore, the purpose of this management measure is to promote teachers' initiative and creativity in innovating teaching methods.

Learning according to the capacity development orientation; applying teaching methods of Biology, Chemistry, Physics according to the capacity development orientation of students in the school's pedagogical community.

3.2.3.2. Content and implementation

Implementing the direction of teaching and learning activities in the direction of developing practical capacity requires the direction to ensure the following basic contents:

The training course aims to thoroughly understand to all staff and teachers the viewpoint of innovating teaching methods from the perspective of teaching according to the content approach to teaching according to the orientation of developing practical capacity. Capacity must have a flexible and organized combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes, emotions, values, personal motivations... to meet the requirements and effectiveness of learners. The textbook replacement program after 2018 aims to focus on forming those factors in students by integrating them and is described in 3 main areas, including: Moral qualities, general capacity such as thinking, communication, creativity, criticism... and specialized capacity formed in the process of teaching the subject.

The school board established a steering committee to innovate teaching methods, considering this a “revolution” in education. The task of the steering committee is to develop an action plan, organize the implementation of the plan, and closely monitor the implementation of innovation in teaching by Natural Science teachers to meet the requirements of educational innovation.

Require and guide the Natural Science teacher group (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) to research, discuss and agree on teaching methods, especially good and difficult topics; need to create the best conditions (in terms of time and facilities) for groups to organize seminars and extracurricular activities.

It is necessary to guide and thoroughly implement the innovation of teaching methods in the direction of developing teachers' capacity, paying attention to the level of knowledge, psychological characteristics, cognitive ability, thinking level and living circumstances, and learning conditions of students in order to have appropriate teaching methods.

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