Solutions to Complete the Implementation Plan of the Strategy to Enhance Human Resource Capacity to Adapt to Banking Activities in the New Era

products according to the farming, fishing and returning cycles; customers who grow rice and crops mobilize according to the harvest season; focus on mobilizing from secondary farming and livestock, non-agricultural income (if farmers cannot be persuaded to deposit money in banks, a large part will be "consumed" quite quickly). Mobilize savings deposits from pensioners, veterans' associations, other associations, economic organizations, administrative and career organizations, schools, development support funds, cooperatives, provincial lottery companies, electricity companies, Vietnam Computerized Lottery One Member Limited Liability Company (Vietlott),... Attract payments through banks such as payments for purchasing seeds, livestock, fertilizers, pesticides, land preparation, machinery and equipment between enterprises and farmers; salary payment transactions for socio-economic organizations. Take advantage of the possibility of using temporarily unused capital from investment projects for the development of the NoNT region to invest in medium and long-term credit, which is a cheap source of capital and has a relatively long usage time. To increase the mobilization of medium and long-term capital, banks need to focus on expanding capital mobilization channels through the issuance of corporate bonds with terms of 02 years, 03 years and 05 years, especially bonds with the purpose of developing high-tech economic zones invested in value chain linkages from production to consumption to increase the attractiveness of attracting investors. Through the issuance of corporate bonds, banks can mobilize more medium and long-term capital to increase lending for the development of the NoNT region. In addition, it is necessary to focus on implementing banking services such as payment services, collection and payment on behalf, cards, international payment services and foreign currency trading, deposit services in one place can withdraw money in another place and the recipient can be in another place.

The term structure of deposit mobilization is also a challenge for branches of commercial banks in the Key Economic Zone, short-term deposits account for a large proportion, in 2011 it was 72.64%, in 2017 it decreased to 56.51% of total deposits; term deposits over 12 months in 2011 had a proportion of 14.32% and increased in 2017 to 30.01%; the rest are non-term deposits. Therefore, commercial bank branches still have to use short-term capital for medium and long-term loans, in the period 2011-2017 it reached 69% (in 2011), in 2017 it decreased to 38.87% [50,51,52,53]. Therefore, commercial banks need to have a practical plan in mobilization to have a more reasonable capital mobilization structure.

Branches of banks in the Key Economic Zone need to link together in capital mobilization to avoid competition in interest rates, leading to depositors withdrawing money from one bank to another, incurring additional costs and causing unstable fluctuations in mobilized capital. Accordingly, branches can provide joint loans to invest in high-tech product value chains to nurture mobilized capital; link to attract customers by perfecting processes and procedures, speeding up transaction processing speed to maintain deposit flow to increase mobilized capital. Implementing solutions to enhance and perfect capital mobilization capacity and link capital mobilization above will contribute to increasing capital sources for lending to develop the Key Economic Zone of the Mekong Delta.

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3.2.1.2. Solutions to complete the implementation plan of the strategy to improve human resource capacity to adapt to banking activities in the new era

In general, the labor force in the banking sector in the Key Economic Zone is quite large. By the end of 2017, the total number of bank employees in the Key Economic Zone was 11,988 people (Can Tho 4,200 people, An Giang 3,590 people, Kien Giang 2,718 people and Ca Mau 1,480 people), of which the number with university or college degrees or higher accounted for nearly 90%, the remaining about 10% were in the administrative, miscellaneous, asset management, fund and most of them were vocationally trained [50,51,52,53]. However, the weaknesses and shortcomings are more or less in aspects such as management capacity, behavior, professionalism and knowledge of the lending field. Therefore, bank branches in the Key Economic Zone need to have a plan to organize and develop their human resources to adapt to the characteristics of the operating area, specifically:

- One. Strengthen self-training: Schools only train basic knowledge and skills, especially the ability to think, learn and be creative. As for specific practical skills, businesses in general and banks in particular must train and develop them in their own way. Accordingly, commercial bank branches need to proactively train and develop their staff regularly according to training and coaching documents issued by the bank according to the specific job requirements of each part of the job, thereby improving professionalism and ethics to develop human resources to adapt to the application of new technology and techniques.

- Two. Linking in training and specialized training: Branches of commercial banks in the key economic zones need to link together in training on topics such as high-tech KTNo, KTNo lending in the climate change environment, green credit, high-tech aquaculture lending, high-tech chicken, duck and pig farming lending, organic rice farming lending, high-tech rice farming lending, high-tech fruit tree growing lending, high-tech crop growing lending... Lecturers are experienced experts in banking, KTNo and related experts, even good farmers, not anyone else. Branches of commercial banks combine with each other in training and fostering to reduce training costs, be specialized, and have the opportunity to exchange experiences with each other. Understanding people, understanding work, understanding technology, understanding costs, understanding equipment functions, understanding the advantages and difficulties of customers will have the practical ability to propose improvements to loan processes and documents, and will have ways to manage loans to ensure the quality and effectiveness of those loans. Only then will bank staff be able to advise customers on the use of loans.

- Third. Strengthen professional activities: It is also important to note that banks should maintain professional activities a few times a month for about 30 minutes on weekends so that staff in teams or departments can exchange experiences on specialized content and update new content, thereby learning from each other.

- Four. Strengthening skills training to meet integration requirements: An important step in training and fostering human resources is to strengthen training and fostering skills in applying information technology and foreign languages. Strengthening training in applying information technology skills is necessary for banking activities, especially when digitalization will be higher and more popular in the future. Applying information technology helps bank staff significantly improve their work, because each credit officer in the Key Economic Zone is in charge of an average of 10,000 to 12,000 customers, with an area with a radius of about five to seven kilometers, the volume of records, loan management, the area of rivers and canals, and the characteristic of "generous" customers of farmers in the Southwest region is really difficult for credit officers. Foreign languages help access information technology documents, information on new operations, and be ready to participate in

With the increasingly deep integration of banking, especially free trade agreements, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the impact of Industry 4.0, English is even more necessary.

- Five. Using collaborators: Another aspect that supports human resources for commercial banks in the Key Economic Zone is that banks can use retired financial and banking officers to work as collaborators, and localities can use these retired workers as consultants for lending organizations in their localities.

- Six. Increase the initiative of commercial bank branches in training, fostering and using their human resources. Commercial banks need to reserve a portion of the training and fostering budget so that branches have the funds to proactively implement it.

- Seven. Have a plan to use human resources well and take care of the lives of staff: Along with training and development, there must be a plan to optimally use human resources based on the trained expertise and the capacity of workers in the job, proficient and good at each job, and arrange them for that job. Focus on training core staff in the rotation planning through the work sections to be proficient and have a deep understanding of the work systematically and therefore prioritize or only appoint as managers those who are proficient and have a deep understanding of professional expertise, have knowledge of management, and have good moral qualities to meet the needs of enhancing the development of the economy in the Key Economic Zone in the new environment, especially the environment of new technology.

In addition to training and appointment, it is necessary to focus on taking care of the material and spiritual life of human resources, first of all, increasing income for bank staff in rural areas, especially bank branches in the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone, such as business salary and bonus regime; training and development regime to improve qualifications; and working expenses in specific river areas to ensure that personal money is not used when going on business trips.

In short, the quality of human resources and the use of human resources are decisive for the process of enhancing the development of the economy in the Central Economic Zone. Therefore, training a team of professional staff and employees who are good at expertise and profession,

Political stability and moral qualities are among the decisive conditions for success in banking operations. This is also the factor that brings success to banks in enhancing the development of the economy in the Key Economic Zone.

3.2.1.3. Increase lending according to programs, projects, and key infrastructure chains for high-tech agricultural economic development with flexible interest rates.

To implement this solution, it is necessary to focus on the following key issues:

- One. Focusing investment capital on "key infrastructure chains": Focusing large capital sources from many sources including budget capital, commercial bank capital, self-accumulated capital, socialized capital, foreign investment capital, foreign funding capital (for example, it is possible to negotiate for ADB to lend directly to investors, according to the General Statistics Office, up to now, ADB has lent Vietnam 15.4 billion USD, technical assistance 310.6 million USD and non-refundable aid 329.5 million USD from the World Bank (WB) [3], focusing highly on investment capital for "key infrastructure chains" to create conditions for enhancing commercial bank development of key economic zones. It is possible to first choose "key infrastructure chains" including: Economic Zone Economic Zone, waterway transport routes including Cai Mep - Thi Vai port in Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Saigon port connecting with waterways (such as Xoai Rap river, Nuoc Man canal, Vam Co river, Cho canal Rice, Tien River) to ports in the Mekong Delta and modern logistics enterprises to invest in creating a synchronous technical infrastructure. According to Decision No. 3383/QD-BGTVT dated October 28, 2016 of the Ministry of Transport approving the Detailed Planning of the Mekong Delta Seaport Group (Group six) for the period up to 2020, with a vision to 2030 [7], including seaports in 13 provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta, Phu Quoc Island and islands in the Southwest sea (except the seaport on Soai Rap River of Long An is within the planning scope of seaport group number five). The Mekong Delta currently has 32 seaport wharves nearly 2,900 m long, with a construction scale that can receive ships with a capacity of 20,000 DWT (tonnes), with a capacity of 22 million tons/year, but due to lack of connection and poor port infrastructure, import and export goods of the Mekong Delta are almost transported by road through the city.

HCM and Cai Mep Vung Tau, the transportation cost is too expensive, pushing up the price of goods, affecting the competitiveness and reducing the economic efficiency of the Mekong Delta as well as the Key Economic Zone, thereby affecting the ability of both the access and the supply to increase the development of the Key Economic Zone's economy.

Concentrating all investment capital sources on the "key infrastructure chain" will create a breakthrough in both quality and quantity in the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone and the complete economic infrastructure chain, so that the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone can soon assume the role of a dynamic region, a locomotive promoting the development of other regions and the country's economy. If investment and lending for the key project chain are not implemented soon, there will be a lack of synchronization, causing waste and failure to develop, and will fall into the situation of "bridges waiting for roads or roads waiting for bridges" as has happened before. Synchronous investment in the key project chain is to apply the Theory of balanced development or "growth poles" (A. Hirschman, F. Perrons and G. Pestane de Bernis), that there cannot be enough capital to invest in the whole economy at the same time, so we must first invest in the growth poles.

- Two. TDNH focuses on lending to KTNo for new technology and key products:

[i] Considering KTNo as a part of the chain of key investment projects, accordingly, the focus of commercial banks in the area will mainly be on lending to KTNo for new technology: organic agriculture, high-tech agriculture applying VietGap, GlobalGAP, encouraging according to Good Agricultural Practices (AseanGap), European standards, even the standards prescribed by each country, each market, this is also the basic content of green credit. [ii] Applying Ricardo's Comparative Advantage Theory to determine the comparative advantages of each province in the Key Economic Zone and linking with sub-regions of provinces in the Mekong Delta in seafood, fruit trees, crops, rice, thereby focusing on expanding the area of new technology agricultural raw materials. Accordingly, commercial banks and other capital sources need to focus on increasing loans for KTNo development in the Key Economic Zone according to four key export products: seafood, fruit, crops and rice. Specifically: Can Tho needs to focus on investment to become an industrial, trade - service, education - training center.and science - technology, health and culture of the Mekong Delta region. Besides, the land area

Rice is still over 80 hectares with an output of nearly 1.5 million tons, it is necessary to focus on producing high-quality rice, safe vegetable areas with a planting area of over 2,000 hectares, specialty fruit areas associated with eco-tourism with a scale of 14,000 hectares and raising pangasius according to the Aquaculture Standards of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP), VietGAP, GlobalGAP with an area of 46.7 hectares [ŀ40]. An Giang focuses on lending for investment in four key products: Rice, fish, especially commercial pangasius with 336 hectares with an output of over 98,000 tons, fruits with 13,000 hectares mainly high-quality mango with an output of about 90,000 tons, vegetables, medicinal plants [147]. Kien Giang focuses on lending for investment in developing rice, shrimp, various types of aquatic products, pepper, pineapple, livestock and poultry farming suitable to the ecological conditions of four production areas: Long Xuyen Quadrangle, West Hau River, U Minh Thuong, island sub-regions and islands. Kien Giang's advantageous products are aquatic products including fish, squid, octopus (nearly 40,000 tons/year), shrimp about

6,500 tons/year, rice of all kinds about 1,000,000 tons/year, fish sauce 310,000 liters [144]. Focus on lending in Ca Mau according to the identification of six key agricultural products of the province: high-quality rice, hybrid acacia, catfish, ecological shrimp, sea crab and banana. In which, focus on investing in developing commercial tiger shrimp and crab and breeds for the entire Mekong Delta region on the basis of investing nearly 100 billion VND to build a high-quality seed production farm of Viet Uc Group. By 2020, the area of intensive and super-intensive shrimp farming will reach about 20,000 hectares, the area of improved extensive shrimp farming will reach from

120,000 hectares or more; to achieve the target of total five-year aquatic product output (2016-2020) of 2.8 million tons [148].

TDNH invests in KTNo according to the value chain for a union from production - processing - consumption - modern logistics enterprise chain to have high productivity, clean products, reduce costs, low prices, high competitiveness of products in the market. It is necessary to implement quickly and clearly to bring the high-tech agricultural loan package up to thousands of billions of VND as the Government has directed and commercial banks have committed. Strengthening TDNH to develop high-tech KTNo is an important condition for customers to not only repay bank loans but also increase their ability to accumulate, creating more supply for banks to increase capital mobilization.

Safer and more effective credit institutions have the conditions to enhance credit institutions to develop the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone.

- Third. Expanding the form of lending through new-style cooperatives: To enhance the development of the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone, banks in the Key Economic Zone need to study and expand, giving priority to lending through new-style cooperatives, especially high-tech cooperatives. New-style cooperatives are established on a voluntary basis, including enterprises as members (a trend that will become more popular). The cooperative must agree with each other to commit to having legal value on the assets contributed to the cooperative as collateral for loans, considering it as one of the conditions for borrowing capital. Because the assets of members contributed to the cooperative are only "use rights" but not "ownership" rights, so they must voluntarily agree to be collateral, then when risks occur, the bank can handle the collateral to recover capital for the bank. The conditions for borrowing capital are set by the bank, and the preparation of those conditions is prepared internally by the cooperative. Lending to customers who are banking cooperatives will reduce many transaction points, control the loan from the beginning with a feasible production and business plan, loan purpose and capital usage process, control cash flow, and have a more sensitive risk detection ability. Increasing lending to customers who are new-style cooperatives is a breakthrough in lending to create a breakthrough in the development of the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone.

- Four. Focus on lending to develop the economy, minimize spreading loans: Strengthening credit institutions to develop the economy in the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone means lending more focused, in larger quantities, lending more comprehensively along the value chain, lending more closely to limit risks, lending to reproduce the economy in depth. The remaining agricultural production that has not yet organized new technology agricultural production will seek capital from other channels such as the Bank for Social Policies, microfinance, people's credit funds, mutual funds, etc. Basically, strengthening credit institutions to develop the economy in the Mekong Delta Key Economic Zone only focuses on lending to develop new technology economy, so gradually ending spreading loans, lending to small production with outdated techniques, low efficiency and unstable productivity. Based on the agricultural development roadmap in the general planning of the Mekong Delta, from now until 2020, the amount of credit institutions will be reduced by

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