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Research on landscape assessment for agricultural, forestry and tourism development in Dong Thap Muoi area, Dong Thap province - 15



* For agricultural production:

This is a key industry and has absolute strength in Dong Thap Muoi region, so it is still prioritized for development. To ensure that agriculture remains the economic sector.

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Research on landscape assessment for agricultural, forestry and tourism development in Dong Thap Muoi area, Dong Thap province - 15

position

strength of the province compared to the Mekong Delta region and the whole

water,

Landscapes with favorable terrain, fertile soil, proactive irrigation, low flood depth, priority for rice cultivation (landscapes 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15) and crops (landscapes 5, 6, 20) as well as fruit trees (landscapes 4, 10). Landscapes 18, 19, 24, although less favorable for agriculture, have now been renovated and produced on a large scale, so they continue to be developed.

Landscape No. 7 (micro-distribution zone in river banks), No. 12 with characteristics of grassland and shrubs, because the area of ​​these river banks is not stable, it is necessary to have measures to improve the soil, prevent landslides and apply sustainable farming measures to develop agriculture such as growing rice and crops.

Landscapes No. 18, 19, 24 have large flooding depths, flooding durations of over 4 months, and soils contaminated with alum, which are considered less favorable for agriculture, but have now been renovated and produced on a large scale, so they can continue to develop agriculture (rice cultivation) or can be produced in the direction of agroforestry, both ensuring environmental issues and bringing higher economic efficiency. However, production activities must pay attention to the issue of keeping alum to avoid "alum leakage" that negatively affects the surrounding landscape and the environment.

* For forestry industry:

Because it borders Cambodia (48,702km long) and has 2/3 of its area in the Mekong Delta, a typical wetland ecosystem of the Mekong Delta as well as of our country, with high biodiversity and great value, however, they are also very susceptible to being disrupted in terms of sustainability if people do not know how to "behave" properly. Therefore, the issue of forest protection and development in the research territory is always a top priority, especially for the purpose of border protection and conservation of wetland ecosystems.

To ensure environmental protection and protect border lines, landscapes No. 1 (distributed in Tan Hong) and landscape No. 7 (distributed in Hong Ngu) are given priority for forest development because the current vegetation status includes forest (landscape No. 1) and shrubs and grasslands (landscape No. 7).

Landscapes No. 9, 13, 17, 22, where there are still natural forests and planted forests on land

Acid sulfate soils, shallow acid sulfate soils, deep acid sulfate soils and a small number of alluvial soils far from the river are prioritized for forest development to preserve flooded and waterlogged acid sulfate ecosystems of the DTM. However, to ensure economic value, it is necessary to carry out selective exploitation, combined with aquaculture in the form of combined forestry and fishery (landscapes No. 9, 13, 22) or combined with the development of wetland ecotourism (landscapes No. 17 (Gao Giong), 22 (Thap Muoi). Thus, it is necessary to ensure the conservation of wetland ecosystems, protect the environment and gain economic value.

Landscapes No. 1, 17, 13, 22 (distribution zones in Tram Chim National Park) need to be strictly zoned and protected because they belong to Tram Chim National Park, have a very high biodiversity conservation function, and are considered a miniature EIA with a diversity of ecosystems such as: Melaleuca forest ecosystem (Melaleuca spp.), Flooded grassland ecosystem

Seasonal water

baby

(Xyris indica), ghost rice (Cryza rufipogon), wild rice

(Cryza

minuta), sedge

(Eleocharis sp.), reed grass

(Panicum repens), field

grass mouth

(Ischaemum sp.), water lilies (Nymphaea sp.) and almost all animal species

endemic to the wetlands of the Mekong Delta such as: Gia day, Giang sen, Cong coc, Co, ca Loc, ca Sac rang, ca Ro, ... and especially the presence of the species Grusantigone sharpii (also known as Red-crowned Crane or Crane) - a typical migratory bird species and in danger of extinction (listed in the Red Book of Vietnam and the World).

Landscapes No. 2, 14, 23 (distribution zone in Thap Muoi) all 3 zones are distributed close to each other, deep in the DTM and low-lying terrain, flooding time is over 4 months and flooding depth is over 100cm, the area is assessed as less favorable for agricultural and forestry development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out breeding zones, switch to afforestation for economic exploitation or follow the agroforestry method (planting forest trees interspersed with fruit trees).

* For fishery production:

As an important economic sector and has been strongly developed in recent times. In addition to the province's dense system of rivers, canals, ponds and lakes, most of the research area also has a period of flooding during the flood season (lasting over 3 months), which is a great advantage for the development of the fishing industry.

With a dense system of rivers and canals, the province has strongly developed aquaculture on fish rafts and nets on the river. This form makes good use of the year-round flooded water surface with very good water quality and abundant natural plankton food sources. Therefore, these are areas that need to be prioritized for aquaculture development.

Landscapes No. 8 and 16 are very favorable for freshwater aquaculture, especially those that bring high economic efficiency. However, development must go hand in hand with environmental protection for sustainable development and long-term economic efficiency.

Although landscape types 4, 5, 6 are prioritized for agricultural development, because these landscapes are still flooded for an average of 3 months during the flood season, this is a very favorable condition for aquaculture, the most effective is giant freshwater prawn. Although only one crop can be raised per year, it is necessary to have zoning measures and scientific planning in the form of combined agriculture and forestry to exploit most effectively and protect the environment of the area, avoiding unplanned digging of fish ponds on agricultural land.

The remaining landscapes (landscapes No. 21 and 25) are currently water surface areas but are located deep in the interior of the Dong Thap Muoi area, with poor water quality, water contaminated with alum, and weak infrastructure and infrastructure, making them less favorable for aquaculture than the above landscapes. Therefore, it is necessary to have reasonable investment measures to renovate and combine farming in the form of agriculture - fishery (for landscape No. 25) and forestry - fishery (for landscape No. 21 in Tram Chim National Park) to make reasonable use of this surface water resource and protect the wetland ecosystems of the Dong Thap Muoi region.

The above are only the results of orientation for the development of some production sectors at the macro level for the Dong Thap Muoi region of Dong Thap province. To have more detailed territorial planning results, especially for localities, it is necessary to have more in-depth studies on landscape ecology to arrange crops and livestock reasonably for agriculture - forestry - fishery and tourism as well as conduct landscape assessments for all specific economic sectors in the research area, in order to comprehensively develop the Dong Thap Muoi wetland area.

CONCLUDE

Analyzing landscape diversity, aiming at rational use of resources and environmental protection requires research and comprehensive assessment of natural resources and natural resources of each territorial unit. Applying this approach to the Dong Thap Muoi region will achieve positive results for rational use.

The analysis of each landscape formation factor shows the diverse and complex differentiation of the landscape in Dong Thap Muoi region. The comprehensive assessment of the natural conditions partly outlines the picture of the natural resource potential of the research territory.

The problem of comprehensive natural geography approach can contribute to clarifying the nature of nature, clarifying the laws of origin, development, and natural differentiation characteristics in order to thereby propose appropriate directions for use in the development of each territorial unit.

In particular, landscape assessment is an effective and important method of the comprehensive geographical research direction, with a very important position and role, helping to plan the territory for sustainable socio-economic development based on the principle of optimal use of landscape ecological characteristics and establishing harmonious relationships between humans and the environment. Landscape assessment allows to determine natural potential in close relationship with institutions, policies as well as the level of awareness.

scientific and technological knowledge of the territory.

social art is expressed

present through the process of resource exploitation

The direction of research and landscape assessment for the purpose of rational use of the territory has been applied in the Dong Thap Muoi region of Dong Thap province. Through research and analysis of the Dong Thap Muoi landscape, the project has built a classification system and landscape map of the Dong Thap Muoi wetland (scale 1: 100,000) with specific differentiation as follows: Dong Thap province's landscape is divided into 1 landscape class, 1 landscape sub-class, 1 landscape type and 25 landscape types distributed over 318 zones, with 4 main functions: protection and environmental protection; natural restoration and conservation; economic exploitation and sustainable agricultural development; sustainable fisheries development.

Based on the analysis of the characteristics of landscape types and factors affecting the development of agriculture, forestry, fishery and tourism, the topic has selected and classified assessment criteria for each specific sector. The assessment is

The assessment was carried out using a weighted composite score. Excluding landscapes with limiting factors, 16 landscape types were assessed for agricultural development, of which 9 landscape types were considered highly favorable, 2 landscape types were considered moderately favorable, and 5 landscape types were considered less favorable. For forestry development, 9 landscape types were assessed, of which 4 landscape types were considered highly favorable, 2 landscape types were considered moderately favorable, and 3 landscape types were considered less favorable. For fishery development, 7 landscape types were assessed, of which 1 landscape type was considered highly favorable, 4 landscape types were considered moderately favorable, and 2 landscape types were considered less favorable.

The landscape assessment results have shown us a picture of the suitability of each production and economic sector assessed with the characteristics and differentiation of natural resources across the entire research territory.

From the results of the assessment of landscape types for specific production and economic sectors, the project has made recommendations and distributed the space of production and economic sectors for the purpose of rationally using the territory and protecting the environment of the research territory.

Through the assessment results and recommendations, orientations for the development of agriculture, forestry, fishery and tourism in Dong Thap Muoi in particular and the rational use of the province's resources in general. We see that, compared to the socio-economic development plan of the province, we believe that the results of the project will be important bases for the locality to refer to in adjusting the socio-economic development plan for the purpose of rational use of resources and sustainable development of Dong Thap Muoi wetland area, Dong Thap province in the future.


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