Quang Ninh Tourism Development Policy.

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Special ecosystems: Quang Ninh has many diverse, pristine ecosystems with many rare species of flora and fauna. These are tropical marine ecosystems with evergreen vegetation all year round on the islands, mangrove forests with many types of wild birds and animals. Quang Ninh also has very unique coral ecosystems with 197 species of coral, accounting for 80% of the total number of coral species in the West Pacific region. Corals in Ha Long Bay grow in strips, have high coverage, including rare coral species such as red coral, horn coral listed in the Red Book of Vietnam and the world, Bai Tu Long National Park (Van Don), Dong Son - Ky Thuong Nature Reserve (Hoanh Bo), marine parks are very meaningful in preserving these special and valuable ecosystems.

2.1.2.2. Human tourism resources.

Historical, cultural and revolutionary relics. The system of historical, cultural, revolutionary and architectural relics are important resources for tourism development, especially cultural tourism.

Quang Ninh is a place with a tradition of patriotic struggle. In the process of historical development for thousands of years, this place has preserved many valuable historical, cultural, revolutionary and architectural relics. These are invaluable assets not only of Quang Ninh but also of the whole country and the Vietnamese people. Many historical, cultural and revolutionary relics here have great value not only in terms of history but also as famous scenic spots that are meaningful for tourism development (Bach Dang Stake Field...). Many of these relics have been ranked as national relics. As of 2004, the province had 53 relics ranked at the national level and many other relics ranked at the local level.

Group of historical and cultural relics : This is a group of relics that are very important in exploiting tourism services. Among them are relics that are of special significance and have great appeal to tourists. Typical are the Yen Tu relic and scenic complex (once the spiritual capital of Dai Viet); Cua Ong temple; Bach Dang stake field; temple complexes such as Quan Lan pagoda, Tien Cong temple, Bac Ma pagoda, etc. Most notably is the world natural and cultural heritage Ha Long Bay with thousands of large and small islands and dozens of caves, many of which contain traces of ancient Vietnamese culture, the most special is the Bai Tho Mountain relic and scenic complex with the immortal poem of Le Thanh Tong (1468) carved on the cliff.

Revolutionary relic group : A land rich in patriotism, the birthplace of many heroic predecessors of the nation. Many lands have become famous in the revolutionary struggle of the nation such as Bac Ma village, Binh Duong commune, Dong Trieu district - where the revolutionary army of the Fourth War Zone of Tran was established.

Hung Dao on June 8, 1945; Mao Khe coal mine - where the first Communist Party cell of the Mining region was established. When talking about Quang Ninh, people think of Bai Tho Mountain with the red flag with yellow star, symbolizing the indomitable revolutionary fighting spirit of the people of the Mining land.

Traditional festivals: Like many other regions of Vietnam, Quang Ninh is also a locality with many unique festivals throughout the year. In addition to the common festivals of the whole country, there are also festivals with strong characteristics of the Northeastern coastal region of our country. Traditional festivals in Quang Ninh are often associated with historical events or folk cultural activities, associated with the religious life of the people.

Typical folk festivals include: the O Po festival of the San Chi ethnic group in Binh Lieu district; the love duet singing festival of ethnic minorities every spring; the Cheo Can festival; the wedding singing custom in Hoanh Bo... The special feature of the Hoanh Bo wedding singing custom is that the groom's family must sing to the bride's family until they are accepted before they can take the bride, if they lose, they must go back and prepare again.

Some other festivals in Quang Ninh are both spring tourism and religious such as Yen Tu Pagoda Festival, Cua Ong Temple Festival, Tien Cong Festival, Quynh Lam Pagoda Festival... Among the historical festivals, we must mention Quan Lan village festival, which is the place to worship Deputy General Tran Khanh Du, an outstanding naval general of the Tran Dynasty. Currently, the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism has restored a number of festivals of ethnic minorities and achieved many positive results. In Ha Long Bay area, the Department has restored the unique customs and practices of fishermen such as: antiphonal singing, wedding ceremonies, traditional seafood catching methods, which are very popular with tourists.

Traditional handicrafts: Ceramic handicraft villages in Dong Trieu and Mao Khe towns; seafood fishing (squid fishing, grouper fishing, temple fishing, digging for sandworms, raking for clams...); handicrafts from coal... In addition, among the ethnic minorities in Quang Ninh, there are also

Brocade weaving, bamboo and rattan weaving... If these occupations are invested and exploited, they can attract a large number of tourists and provide many souvenir products for tourists.

Traditional culture of ethnic minorities such as Dao, Tay, San Diu, Hoa (accounting for about 10% of the population) is concentrated in the districts of Hoanh Bo, Ba Che, Tien Yen, Binh Lieu, Quang Ha, Mong Cai, Van Don; specialties such as Ha Long clam wine, Hoanh Bo soaked sticky rice wine, sour sausage, Quang Yen clam soup, Tien Yen Ca Say, roasted sea worms, squid sausage... can be exploited for tourism purposes.

2.1.2.3. Quang Ninh tourism development policy.

Recognizing the role and importance of tourism for the overall socio-economic development of Quang Ninh, the issue of tourism development was included in the agenda of the Congresses of the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th terms and was specified in the resolutions of these Congresses. Quang Ninh tourism in this period had its first steps of development. In 1994, Quang Ninh tourism welcomed an extremely important event, strongly affecting the development of the industry, which was the recognition of Ha Long Bay by UNESCO as a world natural heritage. However, the development of Quang Ninh tourism in this period was not commensurate with its potential and was still isolated, not creating an organic relationship with other socio-economic sectors. Recognizing this situation, the 11th Provincial Congress spent a lot of time discussing the issue of tourism development. This Congress also marked a shift in awareness towards the development of Quang Ninh tourism in the new period. The first step was that tourism was widely recognized as a key economic sector, the main driving force of the province's socio-economic development. To concretize this awareness, the Quang Ninh Provincial Party Committee for the first time issued specific instructions for the direction of the sector, which was Resolution No. 08 on innovation and development of Quang Ninh tourism in the period 2001 - 2010.

The resolution consists of three parts, part one is an assessment of the tourism situation in the period 1991 - 2000, which points out the achievements of Quang Ninh tourism. Along with the general development of the whole province, in recent years, Quang Ninh tourism has made significant progress, the awareness of all levels, sectors and people about tourism has clearly changed, tourism infrastructure in key areas has been invested, creating important facilities for the tourism industry to develop at a faster pace. The resolution points out many specific achievements that the tourism industry has achieved in the period 1991 - 2000, technical facilities and human resource promotion work. At the same time, the resolution also frankly points out the shortcomings and weaknesses of the industry. Tourism activities still have many weaknesses, tourism products are monotonous, poor, and of low quality. Infrastructure and technical facilities serving tourism are still lacking in uniformity, accommodation facilities are still few and of low quality. State management of tourism has not received due attention and still has many shortcomings, there is no strategic orientation and long-term development planning. The management staff and professional expertise of the industry are not up to the task. The development between industries is not uniform, the efficiency of tourism business activities is low, the tourism environment is not really good, tourism promotion is still at a low level and ineffective, there is no marketing strategy for the international tourism market. Based on the above-mentioned limitations, the resolution sets out the viewpoint, objectives and solutions for developing Quang Ninh tourism by 2010. Regarding the viewpoint of development, the resolution requires the industry to take advantage of all advantages to develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector. Developing tourism is a common task of all levels, sectors, social organizations and all people in the province. Tourism development must be closely linked to ensuring security, social order and safety, preserving traditional customs and promoting national cultural identity. Regarding the goal of welcoming 6 million visitors by 2010, tourism revenue accounts for 14% of the province's GDP. The resolution sets out

Suggestions for development solutions, emphasizing the improvement of policy institutions, calling for domestic and foreign investment, and promoting the creativity of economic sectors.

Implementing Resolution No. 08, the Provincial People's Committee has directed the Department of Tourism and the Department of Planning and Investment to coordinate in researching and planning the development of the tourism industry in the immediate future. This is the first detailed plan for Quang Ninh tourism. It comprehensively assesses the factors affecting the development of Quang Ninh tourism, the current status of tourism development in the period 1991 - 2000, clearly indicating the achievements and existing limitations. The plan has made comments on the development of the domestic and international context, analyzed the influence of the context on the development of the industry, on that basis, provided specific orientations for the development of the tourist market, orientation for product development, orientation for the development of technical facilities and human resources. According to the plan for the period 200 - 2010, Quang Ninh will have 4 main tourism centers: Ha Long, Mong Cai, Van Don and Uong Bi. Analyze the strengths, weaknesses and development directions of each tourist. Finally, propose specific solutions to effectively implement this plan.

In March 2005, the provincial Party Committee also issued Resolution No. 21 on "promoting the development of service industries until 2010 and orientation to 2015". In which, there is a part mentioning the development of Quang Ninh tourism industry. Resolution No. 21 also preliminarily evaluates the results of tourism activities after the year of implementing Resolution No. 08. Also in this resolution, the goal of developing Quang Ninh tourism is raised to become a leading tourism center of the country, striving to build Quang Ninh tourism into a strong brand in the Southeast Asian region by 2015.

In 2010, Quang Ninh held the 13th Provincial Congress. The Congress also devoted time to tourism development, the concern of the Congress.

The resolution of the congress is specified in the resolution: “Further promote investment in tourism infrastructure development, develop tourism routes in Uong Bi, Ha Long, Van Don, Mong Cai. Improve the quality and efficiency of tourism in Ha Long Bay, develop tourism in Hon Gai lagoon, form high-class marine eco-tourism areas, cultural tourism, diversify tourism products associated with Ha Long Bay, Bai Tu Long Bay, Yen Tu relic site, Bach Dang historical relic site. Strive to welcome 6.9 million tourists in 2015, including 3.3 million international visitors. The resolution of the congress also requires the Provincial People's Committee, the Department of Culture - Sports - Tourism, the Department of Planning - Investment to urgently complete the tourism planning project of Quang Ninh for the period 2011 - 2020 and vision to 2030”. In addition, the Provincial Government has also issued many documents directing specific tasks related to the development of the tourism industry such as: Resolution No. 09 on "Work, management, conservation, and promotion of the heritage value of Ha Long Bay until 2005". Decision No. 4117/QD-UB of the Provincial People's Committee on "Work on management of boats on Ha Long Bay". Regulations on evaluating the activities of tourism business units...etc.

Tourism has received great attention and direction from the provincial government and Party Committee, which is reflected in a series of policy documents on development orientations. However, from the perspective of sustainable development, there has not been any policy document specifying the issue of sustainable development for Quang Ninh tourism, but it has only been mentioned in general terms such as environmental protection and ecotourism, etc., which is not enough compared to the actual requirements. Hopefully, in the Quang Ninh tourism development project for the period 2011 - 2020 and vision 2030, "Issues related to sustainable development will be mentioned in a more specific and in-depth manner".

2.2. Tourism development situation in Quang Ninh.

2.2.1. State management of tourism.

The Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism is a state management agency responsible for managing all tourism activities in the province. After the merger in 2007, state management gradually stabilized, the organizational structure was streamlined, and management capacity was improved according to the vertical and territorial structure. The Department has arranged the organization and planned staff to suit the new situation. It has developed plans to coordinate with functional departments to implement tourism activities, restore and preserve tourism resources and environment, regularly conduct inspections of tourism businesses, rectify and handle violations, advise the leaders of the Province and the Central Government to issue regulations suitable to the situation of tourism management and development in the province. State management is also demonstrated through international cooperation activities, continuing to implement cooperation programs with France, China, and Japan. However, state management of tourism activities still has some limitations: lack of strictness, lack of synchronization in managing tourism activities, lack of specialized staff. Management of planning and tourism environment is not proactive and timely, staff training is still slow. In the coming time, the Province needs to have drastic solutions to overcome these limitations, in order to create a driving force for sustainable development, integrating with the general development of domestic and international tourism.

With the policy of socialization, tourism business activities have had the participation of many economic sectors with many types of business. In which the leading role is state-owned enterprises. However, in the recent period, the tourism industry has also recognized the strong growth of the private sector, in the near future this will certainly be the main force contributing to the development of the tourism industry in Quang Ninh.