A. Erythromycin .
B. Chloramphenicol.
C. Doxycycline .
Maybe you are interested!
-
Present the Uses, How to Use, and Dosage of the Medicines in the Lesson Content. -
Basic Refrigeration Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering - Intermediate - Ha Nam Vocational College 2020 - 1 -
Vietnam's international integration policy from 1995 to present - 16 -
Present the Definition, Diagnostic Criteria According to International Convention and State the Epidemiological Characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome -
Identifying Vietnamese folk songs from 1945 to present - 4
D. Gentamicin
33. Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause bone marrow suppression.
A. Ampicillin.
B. Erythromycin .
C. Chloramphenicol .
D. Doxycycline.
34. Antibiotics can be toxic to the liver.
A. Erythromycin .
B. Chloramphencol.
C. Metronidazole .
D. Gentamicin
35. Antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria.
A. Cefalexin .
B. Chloramphenicol.
C. Metronidazole .
D. Gentamicin
36. Antibiotics have side effects: can cause irreversible deafness.
A. Cefalexin .
B. Erythromycin .
C. Metronidazole .
D. Gentamicin .
37. The drug is effective against dysentery bacilli.
A. Cefalexin .
B. Erythromycin .
C. Chloramphenicol .
D. Sulfaguanidine.
TRUE OR FALSE ANSWER.
1. When you are sure of an infection, you should use antibiotics.
2. Use antibiotics at low doses at first and then gradually increase the dose.
3. Must combine antibiotics for quick recovery.
4. Anti-Sock test is not required before injecting Penicillin derivatives.
.
5. Take Penicillin G & V when infection is confirmed.
6. Using high doses of aminosides for a long time, the patient had ear damage, but it was reversible.
if stopped or reduced dose.
7. Using high doses of aminosides for a long time can cause ear damage in patients, but it can be reversible if the dose is stopped or reduced.
8. Using high doses of aminoglycosides for a long time can cause kidney damage in patients, but it can be recovered if the dose is stopped or reduced.
9. When children have dysentery, Tetracycline should be used for treatment. 10. Doxycycline has the same effect as Tetracycline.
11. Cholestatic hepatitis may occur with Erythromycin lasting ≥ 1 week. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.
1. Use antibiotics only when …………………………………………….
2. Should combine 2 antibiotics from 2 different families.
3. Do not combine two antibiotics with the same toxicity.
4. Use 1 or more antibiotics when ……………………………………
5. When using Sulfamide, you must ……………………………….
6. Sulfamide must be used for the full duration ………………………………
7. Name the first generation oral Cephalosporin drugs ………….. , …………
8. Gray baby syndrome caused by ……………………………………
9. Macrolide group: Contraindicated: being treated with ........................., Ergotamine.
10. Name a drug in the Marrolid group that is safe for pregnant women ........................... 11. Name a group of drugs that have side effects: photosensitivity group
...............................
12. Mechanism of action of Sulfamide:
Due to competition with .....................................................................
13. Contraindications of Gentamycin: hypersensitivity, .................................................. ,
................................. , myasthenia gravis .
14. Gentamycin is used in cases of infections: .......................................... , urinary tract, digestive tract, bone, soft tissue, ................................. , peritonitis,
....................
LESSON 12. DISINFECTANTS - DISINFECTANTS
TARGET:
1- Present the uses, directions for use, and dosages of the drugs listed in the lesson. 2- Guide the community to use drugs safely and appropriately.
I-OVERVIEW:
Disinfectants include substances that have:
- Effect: Kills bacteria and parasites.
- Mechanism: Inhibits the reproduction and growth of bacteria and parasites.
- Uses:
+ Antiseptics are used to apply and wash the skin to sterilize and clean the skin before injection, surgery or to treat infected skin diseases, to clean wounds and ulcers.
+ Disinfectants are widely used to disinfect and clean the environment in families, public restrooms and medical facilities.
- Characteristics: some are poisonous, be careful.
+ Store and label according to regulations, the label must have the words "do not drink".
+ Avoid confusion when dispensing & using. II- COMMONLY USED DRUGS:
1. Red medicine (Mercurocrom, Merbromin):
- Indication: Antiseptic when fast action is not required.
+ Skin (does not eat skin).
+ Skin wounds, abrasions.
+ Acne.
+ The surgical site.
- Contraindications:
+ Do not use for deep wounds or extensive tissue damage.
+ Do not use to sterilize surgical instruments.
* Use with caution in infants.
2. Potassium permanganate (other name: Potassium permanganate) .
- Effect: Strong antiseptic, eliminates odors, tightens skin.
- Uses:
+ Wash and disinfect wounds, pimples, and ulcers: 0.2% - 0.5% solution.
+ Gastric lavage for poisoning by Alkaloids, Cyanides, and Phosphorus: 0.1% solution.
+ Vaginal and urethral douching: 0.5% solution.
+ Treatment of burns due to tightening: 0.2% solution.
+ Solutions are mixed only when used.
+ Wash raw vegetables, sterilize water, treat organic matter in water...
3. Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol ).
- Effect:
+ External use: Antibacterial by coagulating bacterial protein.
+ Used in: alcohol < 10 o increases gastric juice secretion, increases intestinal motility, increases absorption of drugs and food.
small dose: little effect on respiration & circulation.
Medium dose: increased blood pressure, increased myocardial contractility.
High doses cause depression: paralysis of the respiratory and circulatory centers due to poisoning
- Uses:
+ Disinfect hands and scratches with 70o alcohol .
+ Sterilize tools with 90o alcohol to burn.
+ Used as reagent, solvent for preparing medicinal alcohol, medicinal wine.
- TDP :
+ Long-term use: addictive.
+ Taking high doses causes acute poisoning: vomiting, talking a lot, gesticulation, respiratory and circulatory disorders, high doses cause coma.
- CCĐ:
+ Liver disease.
+ Gastric ulcer.
- Uncle :
+ Blue alcohol is alcohol that has been dyed with methylene blue only antiseptic not drink
4. Iodine Alcohol:
- Effect:
+ Strong antiseptic: due to its oxidizing properties, it denatures the albimin in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells. Very good for shallow wounds, less effective for deep, crushed wounds.
+ Oral use: helps the synthesis of thyroid hormones, increases metabolism.
- Uses:
+ Disinfect wounds and surgical sites: 1% solution.
+ Treat skin fungus: 2% solution.
+ Ringworm 5%.
+ Hand disinfection before surgery 2%.
* Lugol's 1% solution is used for people with goiter due to iodine deficiency, Iodotanic Syrup.
- Note:
+ The drug may cause sensitivity when applied topically.
+ Currently, Polyvidone iodine (Betadin, Povidin) is commonly used, which is less irritating to the skin and mucous membranes than iodine. If overdosed, it will cause acute poisoning (vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, swollen throat, acute pneumonia).
5. Methylene Blue:
- Effect:
+ Antiseptic
+ Detoxifies cyanide and substances that cause methemoglobin in the blood.
- Indications - dosage:
+ Treating impetigo and skin ulcers: apply 1% solution 2-3 times/day.
+ Urinary tract antiseptic (pyelonephritis, cystitis): take 0.05 - 0.2g/day in 0.05g coated tablets or douche the vagina with 0.2 - 0.5% solution.
- Side effects:
Use / short time: because
- Often causes anemia.
- Some gastrointestinal symptoms when taken orally or IV at high doses.
- Contraindications:
- Kidney failure.
- Pregnant, breastfeeding.
- No spinal injection.
- Do not treat methemoglobinemia and chlorate poisoning.
- Note:
Use oral methylene blue urine is blue
6. DEP (Diethyl phthalate):
- Effect:
+ Kills scabies and some insects (mosquitoes, leeches).
+ Does not cause skin irritation.
- Uses:
+ Treats scabies & some skin parasites.
+ Mosquito and leech prevention, apply 2-3 times/day in solution or 95% ointment
- Contraindications:
+ Allergic to drugs.
+ Avoid applying to eyes and mucous membranes. 7. CHLORAMINE B
- Effect: strong antiseptic due to decomposition into strong oxidizing products (Hypochlorous acid HClO)
- Indications:
+ Mix cleaning solution: wounds, ulcers, hand disinfection, preparation room.
+ Disinfect waste, disinfect polluted water sources.
- How to use:
+ Disinfect the wound: wash with 0.1% solution.
+ Hand disinfection: soak hands in 0.5% solution.
+ Disinfection: use 2-3% solution. The above solutions should only be mixed when used.
+ Water disinfection: 0.01 - 0.02g/liter of water. Can be used after 30 minutes. 0.05g tablet form can sterilize 1.5 liters of water.
- BQ: Bottles are tightly closed, dry, moisture-proof, and protected from light.
- Note: If there is no chloramine B, replace it with chloramine T. EVALUATION.
CHOOSE THE MOST CORRECT SENTENCE.
1. The drug has the strongest antiseptic effect.
A. Ethanol.
B. Potassium permanganate
C. Chloramine.
D. Iodine alcohol.
2. Use Methylene blue in the following cases, except:
A. Vaginal douching.
B. Skin ulcers.
C. Nephritis.
D. Stomatitis.
3. The medicine is effective in treating ringworm.
A. Red medicine.
B. Ethanol.
C. Iodine alcohol.
D. Potassium permanganate
TRUE OR FALSE ANSWER.
1. Using 70o alcohol to disinfect is best.
2. 1% potassium permanganate solution can be swallowed.