Potentials and Advantages in Economic, Social and Human Conditions

40 - 50 days), the least is Quynh Luu, Quy Chau (10 -15 days). The Southwest wind has caused dryness, heat and drought, seriously affecting production and life.

Nghe An also has some special weather phenomena that are heavily influenced by storms and tropical depressions, on average 2-3 storms per year, the strongest wind sometimes gusts above level 12, the storm season is usually in August - October, storms come with heavy rain, causing floods in many places in the plains and mountains, causing great damage to people and property. Frost is only likely to occur in high mountainous areas and some midland areas with terrain and soil favorable for the penetration of cold air and loss of temperature due to strong radiation from the ground such as Phu Quy. This weather phenomenon has a certain impact on tourism development, especially causing danger to tourists.

Regarding hydrology, Nghe An has a fairly dense river system, with an average river density of about 0.9 km/km 2 . The whole province has 7 rivers flowing directly into the East Sea with an average length of about 60 - 70 km. The largest river is the Ca River (Lam River), the remaining rivers have small basins of about 2000 - 3000 km. The Ca River is 532 km long, originating from upper Laos, and the section flowing through Nghe An is 375 km long, with 11 large and small waterfalls, some of which have potential.

hydropower construction potential. The main branches of the Ca River include: Nam Mo River, Nam Non River, Hieu River, Gang River, Giang River. Most of these branches are located in mountainous areas with the characteristics of large river slopes, narrow beds, few alluvial flats, and wider river beds downstream. In addition, there are canal systems for the purpose of leading and extracting fresh water for production or daily life. In general, Nghe An's hydrological system has relatively abundant surface water resources to meet the production and daily life of the people, although the distribution is uneven over time and by territory, the flow regime of the rivers changes greatly by season, so it still creates localized flooding or drought in many places in the province.

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Nghe An is located in the transition zone of two North-South climate zones, tropical monsoon climate, with cold winters from the North, while also bringing the hot characteristics of the South, affecting the development of rich and diverse tourism according to the climate season.

* Some key natural resource potentials for development

tourism development:

+ Pu Mat National Park is located in the territory of 3 districts Anh Son, Con Cuong and Tuong Duong with an area of 91,113 hectares of the largest natural forest in the North; rich and diverse flora, with 1,513 species; fauna has 42 species. In the area, there are many rare species of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book of Vietnam and the world; the system of hills, mountains, streams, and waterfalls in the national park is very convenient for organizing various types of tourism: eco-tourism, resort, research and adventure tourism. There are also many ethnic groups living here with many customs and practices and brocade weaving, many specialties such as Mat fish... which will create many attractive tourism products.

+ Pu Huong Nature Reserve: Covering an area of 49,860 hectares. Through investigation and survey, it was discovered that the ecosystem is diverse and rich with 291 species, including 63 species of mammals, 176 species of birds, 35 species of reptiles, and 17 species of mammals. There are a total of 88 families, 26 orders, of which 45 are listed in the Vietnam Red Book. Regarding plants, there are 665 species belonging to 341 genera and 117 families, of which 43 species are listed in the Vietnam Red Book. This is a potential for organizing ecotourism and trekking tourism.

+ Hung Hoa Mangrove Forest in Hung Hoa commune, the suburbs of Vinh city, has a vegetation cover of Mangrove trees covering 70 hectares. In addition, there are also some other types of trees such as mangroves, vines... This place is also called Tram Chim Hung Hoa, a habitat for many types of birds such as storks, herons, Sau birds, Cu Giay...

+ Tham Noi Cave in Chau Thuan commune, Quy Chau district is a large cave.

many diverse stalactites with different shapes. In the cave, the houses

Archaeologists have discovered fossils and dwellings of ancient Vietnamese people. This place attracts many tourists every year.

+ Bua Cave. Located in Chau Tien commune, Quy Chau district, it is a scenic spot associated with many historical legends, customs, and community cultural activities of the Thai people. It is a cave associated with mountains, rivers, and strange stalactites, so this place is a beautiful landscape that attracts people. In 1937, King Bao Dai chose this place to hold a beauty contest. Every year, Bua Cave organizes a festival with many activities and diverse forms of activities, attracting a large number of tourists to visit.

+ Khe Kem Waterfall. The waterfall is located in Pu Mat National Park, 500 m high, the water flows all year round from above, pouring down like a white silk strip on the green background of the garden. On both sides of the waterfall are vegetation with hundreds of types of flowers. The average temperature in the summer is 20 degrees, very suitable for organizing all types of tourism. This place also has specialties such as wine, vegetarian rice, bamboo rice with the culture of the Thai ethnic group, which are unique ingredients to create products for tourists.

+ Cua Lo Beach. It is a beach longer than 8 km, with fine and flat white sand, clear blue sea water, moderate salinity, and the sea water changes with the seasons: winter is about 18-20 degrees, summer is about 25-20 degrees. Not far from the resort is a system of islands that create beautiful scenery for the resort. Cua Lo is famous for the Sea Daisy flower that King Bao Dai brought from France to plant. Currently, the tourism service system here is relatively good compared to the area.

+ Quynh Phuong - Quynh Luu beach is a beach over 10 km long with fine white sand and clear blue water. This is a newly exploited beach so it still retains its pristine beauty. There are also many types of seafood at reasonable prices, so it has attracted many tourists to come and relax.

+ Lan Chau Island, Ngu Island, and Mat Island are intact islands with long, beautiful beaches, clear blue water, and white sand, very convenient for organizing tourism services for visitors.

2.1.2. Potentials and advantages in terms of economic, social and human conditions

Nghe An was formerly a common Vietnamese land, during the Qin Dynasty it belonged to Tuong Quan, during the Han Dynasty it belonged to Cuu Chan, during the Ngo Dynasty it divided the district of Cuu Chau and named it Cuu Duc, during the Song Dynasty it was named Chau Hoan, later it was changed to Nhat Nam district, during the Tang Dynasty it was named Ba Chau (Hoan, Dien, Duong Lam). When it came to the Dinh and Le Dynasties it was named Chau Hoan, during the Ly Dynasty in 1010 Chau Hoan was used as a camp, in 1036 under the Ly Thai Tong Dynasty it was renamed Chau Nghe An and the name Nghe An appeared from that time as an ancient land, where archaeologists have scientifically researched and found traces of ancient people living there since the Paleolithic era.

Through the process of national liberation struggle, conquest, and transformation of nature and society, this land has been created with a rich cultural history, a treasure of architectural culture and a traditional humanistic value with a unique way of behaving and social relations, with the character of the people of Nghe An, although strict, strict, and severe, but above all is honesty, living with enthusiasm, righteousness, diligence, simplicity, studiousness, strong will, courage and community solidarity. That precious characteristic of the Nghe people has been accumulated and trained through many generations, through many eras in extremely harsh struggles for survival, development and has become the main factor in producing famous historical figures, scholars, scientists, and cultural figures such as Mai Hac De, poet Ho Xuan Huong... and especially Ho Chi Minh - the genius leader of the Vietnamese people, the national liberator, an outstanding cultural figure of humanity.

Nghe An is the place that first marked the tradition of proletarian revolutionary struggle in Vietnam with the Nghe Tinh Soviet movement in 1930 - 1931 opening the revolutionary movement throughout the country.

During the two resistance wars, Nghe An was a great rear base of the front line, contributing greatly in manpower and resources to the cause of national salvation and defense. Nghe An trained many generations of talented people and scientists who have devoted all their talents, virtues and intelligence to contribute to the construction of the country.

2.1.2.1. Tangible cultural tourism resources

Historical, cultural and artistic relics of Nghe An. According to statistics of the Department of Culture and Information of Nghe An, by 2006 there were nearly 1,000 historical and cultural relics recognized, of which 131 historical and cultural relics were recognized at the national level.

The relics are mainly concentrated in the plains such as Hung Nguyen, Nam Dan, Dien Chau, Quynh Luu, Nghi Loc, Yen Thanh, Do Luong districts and Vinh city. However, the density of relics is highest in Vinh city (50/1100 km2), followed by Nam Dan, Hung Nguyen, Dien Chau districts... Most of the relics ranked in Nghe An are historical and cultural relics, of which the group of historical relics, archaeological relics, architectural works, communal houses and pagodas account for a large number; in which the group of scenic relics associated with the life of President Ho Chi Minh has a very important position in the system of human resources of the province and is also the object that attracts many tourists to visit in recent times.

Some outstanding historical and cultural relics:

Kim Lien relic site: Kim Lien relic site is associated with the childhood of President Ho Chi Minh. This place still preserves Uncle Ho's childhood memories and family relics. This place also has many relics such as Hoang Tru relic cluster (maternal hometown, Pho Bang Nguyen Sinh Sac's house, Cu Hoang Duong's house, Hoang Thi Loan's tomb...) which annually attracts a number of domestic and foreign tourists to visit.

Nghe An Ancient Citadel was built in 1804 under the Gia Long Dynasty and in 1831 was built of stone with 3 gates: Front, Left and Right. This is the proof.

records many historical events during the Nguyen Dynasty and the resistance war.

Nghe An people's war against the French.

Vac Village: An archaeological site in Nghia Hoa commune, Nghia Dan district, Vac Village has been known since the early 70s. Over the past 10 years, archaeologists have collected thousands of cultural artifacts representing the Dong Son period, about 2,500 - 2,000 years ago, with the perfect level of bronze casting.

Mai Hac De relic site in Nam Dan district, located in the Dun mountain tourist complex, currently has 3 typical constructions: Mai Hac De temple, Mai Hac De tomb and King Mai's mother tomb.

Cuong Temple - An Duong Vuong: About 30 km north of Vinh city, following National Highway 1A, the temple is located on the side of Mo Da mountain (also known as Da Muoi). It is a place to worship Thuc An Duong Vuong along with the legend of the magic crossbow. Every year on the 15th day of the 2nd lunar month is the Cuong Temple festival, which is solemnly celebrated by the people.

Hoanh Son communal house relic (Khanh Son - Nam Dan)

Trung Can communal house relic (Nam Trung - Nam Dan)

Con Temple relic (Quynh Phuong - Quynh Luu).

Temple and tomb relic of Nguyen Xi (Nghi Hop - Nghi Loc)

Vinh Citadel Relic (Vinh City)

Hong Son Temple Relic (Hong Son Ward - Vinh City)

Relic of comrade Le Hong Phong's house (Hung Thong - Hung Nguyen)

Ben Thuy relic site (Vinh city)

Cua Lo scenic relic site (Cua Lo town)

Bua Cave Relic (Chau Tien - Quy Chau)

Pu Mat Nature Reserve (Con Cuong)

Bach Ma Temple Relic (Vo Liet - Thanh Chuong)

Qua Son Temple Relic (Boi Son - Do Luong)

Vo Liet communal house relic (Vo Liet - Thanh Chuong)

Martyrs' Cemetery 12/9 (Thai Lao - Hung Nguyen)

Ong Hoang Muoi Temple Relic (Hung Thinh - Hung Nguyen)

Relics of Red Village Party Committee of Hung Dung (Hung Dung - Vinh City)

Vietnam - Laos Martyrs Cemetery (Anh Son)

Quynh Van archaeological site (Quynh Luu)

Dong Mom archaeological site (Dien Tho - Dien Chau)

In general, although the number of relics in Nghe An is large, they are still scattered. Some relics have not been restored, so their value in attracting visitors is not high; some relics have not been invested in traffic infrastructure, so it is difficult to travel, affecting the attraction of tourists to visit.

2.1.2.1. Intangible cultural tourism resources

Nghe An is not only rich in tangible cultural products but also very rich in intangible cultural products, which have the power to attract tourists. As a land rich in human identity, with a tradition of fighting to protect the country, overcoming natural disasters, the folk culture here is very rich, imbued with identity such as: singing vi dam, hat phuong vai, ho, ve... creating a unique cultural community activity of Nghe An to serve tourists when coming to Uncle Ho's homeland.

Nghe An is famous as a land of culture, a sacred land of Dai Viet in the past, and is also a land with many ethnic minorities living with many rich and unique customs and festivals. Nghe An festivals have characteristics of the traditional wet rice culture, their festivals are closely linked to the harvest season and are one of the places that preserve the national cultural treasures, attracting tourists to visit and study. Through festivals and ceremonies, to some extent, tourists can see and understand the customs and practices of the local people. Because festivals are a form of activity

A unique culture reflects every aspect of life of each ethnic group. Festivals are often associated with historical sites and are often part of the attraction and promotion programs of tourist areas.

According to statistics, Nghe An has 24 festivals, the most popular of which are historical festivals, folk festivals and religious festivals of ethnic minorities. In addition, there are also special festivals such as the Sac Bua singing festival, Sai San festival, rain praying ceremony... In general, the ethnic groups in Nghe An still retain many unique cultural activities imbued with national cultural identity.

Typical festivals of Nghe An:

- Nam Dan district has the Lotus Village Festival and the King Mai Thuc Loan Festival.

- Do Luong district has Qua Son Temple festival, Nguyen Canh clan festival

- Quy Chau district has Hang Bua festival

- Quynh Luu district has Con Temple festival, Ho family festival

- Dien Chau district has Cuong Temple festival

- Anh Son district has the festival of Drinking Water and Remembering the Source

- Cua Lo town has Cua Lo River Festival

- Hung Nguyen district has Hoang Muoi Temple festival, Hen procession festival

- Thanh Chuong district has Vo Liet communal house festival and Bach Ma temple festival.

- Vinh city has Hong Son temple festival

- Nghi Loc district has Nguyen Xi temple festival.

- Nghia Dan district has Vac village festival

- Xang Khan Festival (Nghe An mountainous region, January 21-23 of the lunar calendar every year)

2.1.2.3. Traditional craft villages

Nghe An's traditional crafts and craft villages are very rich and diverse, having existed for a long time, closely associated with the customs and daily life of the people of many villages and communes; many villages and hamlets have had their craft village ancestors and have been built into village tutelary gods. Due to the impact of many factors, some craft villages in the area have no longer been able to maintain regular production activities.

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