With 1 million people, accounting for 30-31% of the province's population, living in coastal areas, of which there are currently nearly 46,000 professional fisheries workers and nearly 50,000 combined fisheries workers, providing services for the marine economy, and the prospect of the number of workers working in this field continuing to increase in the coming years, the development of Thanh Hoa's coastal economy clearly has a lot of potential.
All of these allow the construction of the Thanh Hoa coastal area stretching across 6 districts from Tinh Gia to Nga Son, into a dynamic economic region, with a balanced system of dynamic urban areas, economic zones, and industrial zones on the basis of new rural development, linking coastal economic growth with solving social, environmental and climate change issues. In that direction, there needs to be specific orientations for the development of economic sectors and fields, the basic features of which are:
- Regarding industry and trade, focus on developing Nghi Son Economic Zone as an industrial driving force to attract domestic and foreign investment in coastal development . Here, it is necessary to focus on developing Nghi Son Port and industries with advantages near the port. Speed up the construction of industrial parks and large industrial projects such as cement, shipbuilding and ship repair factories, metallurgical industrial parks. Fully exploit ports and estuaries; build a North-South economic exchange center. Build Nghi Son port area, coordinate with Le Mon port, Len port to form a system of seaports and synchronize the traffic system in the region, especially coastal traffic routes, the axes connecting the coast with the Western midland and mountainous region, such as National Highway 47, Nghi Son - Bai Tranh road and the axes connecting the coastal region and the mountainous region to promote and attract the midland - mountainous region to develop commodity production.
Early implementation of the construction of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex and facilities for manufacturing post-petrochemical products; at the same time, developing the agricultural, forestry and fishery processing industry and small-scale handicraft industries based on the advantages of the 6 coastal districts, creating a key industrial zone of the province.
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Coastal economic development policy of Thanh Hoa province in the period from 2000-2010 - 21 -
Coastal economic development policy of Thanh Hoa province in the period from 2000-2010 - 22 -
Management Policy to Promote the Development of Marine Economic Centers in International Competition -
Consistent Policy of Encouraging Private Economic Development, Increasing Contribution of Private Economy in GDP and State Budget Revenue -
Economic group model - operations of Vietnam Oil and Gas Group in the period 2006 - 2008 and development trends - 1
- Develop diverse types of services , first of all, fishing logistics services and trade services; at the same time, gradually develop high-end service industries.
high value-added services such as import and export, international shipping and maritime services, transit transportation, banking and financial services...
Build a duty-free zone in Nghi Son Economic Zone, gradually building this area into a major international exchange and integration center of the province and the entire North Central region.
- Strongly develop marine tourism. Synchronously build and modernize the infrastructure of Sam Son coastal tourism area to become a national tourist city, becoming the center of Thanh Hoa tourism. On that basis, develop tourist areas, tourist attractions, entertainment areas, sports and entertainment and diversify other types of tourism. Deploy the construction of coastal tourism areas, connecting with other tourist attractions and routes in the province from Tinh Gia to Nga Son and connecting with the tourism system in the province and neighboring provinces.
- Promote the development of the fisheries economy, including exploitation, aquaculture and seafood processing, in the coming years, considering it a key sector, making important contributions to the growth and socio-economic development of coastal areas; promote the development of agricultural production, paying special attention to building specialized areas for sedge, peanuts, soybeans, and coastal vegetables and food, gradually forming a modern and effective agriculture in the region, while creating a large volume of high-quality products for export processing, serving urban areas, economic zones and tourism.
- Along with the development of economic sectors, social development and environmental protection also need special attention . Focus on shifting the population structure and labor structure towards becoming a City. Accordingly, it is necessary to focus on increasing the urban population structure, increasing the proportion of industrial labor and non-agricultural occupations according to the standards of the city's population. At the same time, there is a plan to protect the coastal ecological environment to ensure sustainable development.
3.1.3.3. Perfecting the coastal economic development policy towards focusing on promoting absolute advantages and enhancing comparative advantages of Thanh Hoa coastal products
As analyzed above, although Thanh Hoa has the potential for absolute advantage in coastal economic development, the comparative advantage of coastal products
Thanh Hoa has not been promoted. This is reflected in the fact that labor productivity and crop productivity are still low; the contribution of industries with absolute advantages to the total social product in the area is not high. Therefore, the important issue of coastal development policy of Thanh Hoa in particular, and of the province in general, is to promote the comparative advantages of coastal products based on potential and absolute advantages.
First of all, continue to exploit the absolute advantages of Thanh Hoa's coastal area. As mentioned, Thanh Hoa has absolute advantages in developing aquaculture and tourism. Regarding aquaculture, this advantage has been promoted. However, Thanh Hoa's coastal tourism is still very limited. In the coming years, it is necessary to continue to promote the advantages of Thanh Hoa's coastal area to develop tourism.
Although Thanh Hoa coastal area currently has no industrial advantage. But as mentioned, comparative advantage is not constant. It depends on attracting and creating human resources. Thanh Hoa can completely create and attract resources to create new comparative advantages in the field of coastal industrial and agricultural production.
Improving the comparative advantage of Thanh Hoa coastal industrial and agricultural products means improving the productivity of products, improving the productivity of coastal crops and livestock, thereby increasing the proportion of coastal products in the province's production value. Accordingly, the completion of Thanh Hoa coastal economic development policies in the coming years needs to focus on improving the productivity of aquaculture, exploitation, and processing of aquatic products, the productivity of crops and the productivity of processing food crops, sedge, peanuts, vegetables and food, etc., improving the productivity of products in the industrial and handicraft sectors and improving the contribution value of the tourism sector.
So what is the policy to improve the comparative advantage of coastal products? The only way is to focus on productivity, quality, and efficiency of production, so as to increase revenue and reduce production costs. To do so, coastal economic development policies must focus on encouraging the improvement of human resource quality, the application of scientific and technological advances, and the application of technical advances to production.
business, improve management in all stages of the product manufacturing process. There needs to be a new revolution in science and technology applied to each industry, each enterprise, each basic production unit to have higher productivity and product quality.
3.1.3.4. Perfecting the coastal economic development policy in the direction of promoting Thanh Hoa's integration with the national, regional and world economies. The coastal economic development policy in Thanh Hoa in particular and the whole country in general must be in the direction of strong integration with international economic integration. Vietnam has famous deep-water ports such as Cam Ranh, Van Phong, Thi Vai, Cai Lan. Thanh Hoa has Nghi Son deep-water port, but, up to now, the whole country in general and Thanh Hoa in particular have only focused on exploiting oil and gas resources, seafood, tourism... but mostly
as not yet exploited this economic geographic advantage.
Vietnam's sea area from North to South borders many countries, with international shipping routes. Vietnam has joint ventures with foreign countries, with Russia being the first and exporting 100% of its products. Although the seafood sector does not have joint ventures with foreign countries, it is an export sector with large turnover.
Tourism also attracts millions of international visitors to coastal tourist destinations and the potential to attract international visitors is much greater. Large seaports are famous as the country's gateway to the outside world. If international relations are stopped, our country's marine economy will stagnate. It can only develop highly when international relations are expanded.
We can see immediately that without international cooperation, Vietnam's oil and gas potential can hardly be exploited and consumed effectively, Vietnam's seafood resources cannot be easily consumed in the world market, and cannot easily attract international tourists...
All sectors of our country's marine economy have expanded so far mainly thanks to expanding cooperative relations with the outside. It can be seen that in the cooperative relations and international integration, Vietnam has made many efforts to innovate policies to attract FDI, trade, customs...[22]
However, it can be said that Vietnam's marine economy is still developing below its potential, the main reason being that the mechanism and policies are not open enough to open Vietnam's sea area to integrate with the region and the world.
So what will be the orientations for opening up and integrating into the marine economy in our country in the coming time? General orientations such as sustainable development, ensuring national security and defense, and protecting the environment are indisputable orientations. But does the marine economy need a specific mechanism and policy that is different from the general mechanism and policy of Vietnam?
The most important difference is that agriculture and forestry can develop effectively in conditions of limited openness and international integration. The marine economy cannot develop if it is limited. Therefore, the open-door and international integration policies of the marine economy must be more extensive and superior. And the depth, superiority and international practice of these policies will make the marine economy develop more dynamically and effectively. More openness and international integration will ensure more effective exploitation of Vietnam's marine resources in general and Thanh Hoa in particular.
Another notable point is that up to now, Thanh Hoa and neighboring provinces such as Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh are still isolated from each other in building policies for socio-economic development in general, and coastal economy in particular. This isolation policy is the reason for limiting the exploitation of each province's potential strengths to specialize deeply and enhance the value and efficiency of each province's product production.
From there, the completion of Thanh Hoa coastal economic development policy in the coming years needs to be in the direction of building a synchronous and unified policy system, with close links and coordination with neighboring provinces, promoting comparative advantages, paying attention to social, environmental and climate change issues, following international practices to build Thanh Hoa coastal economic zone into a dynamic economic zone, becoming a driving force for the province's economy to develop strongly and sustainably in the coming years.
3.2. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE IN THE COMING YEARS
3.2.1. On investment policy for infrastructure development in coastal areas
To become a coastal city, the most important issue is the construction of coastal infrastructure. The experience of other countries in the first chapter shows this. To create a miracle, turning a backward coastal area into a coastal city, it is necessary to invest in building infrastructure, first of all, building a synchronous transportation system, serving the development of the coastal economy to the best level. Therefore, perfecting the policy of building transportation infrastructure, electricity, water, ports, and industrial park infrastructure is extremely important.
First, about transport infrastructure.
Regarding the traffic system. Together with the synchronous development of the road traffic system, it is necessary to focus on building a coastal traffic system, connecting 6 coastal districts, along with cross-roads connecting to the main routes of National Highway 1A, National Highway 10 and major urban areas, creating a complete traffic system convenient for travel and economic exchange between the coastal area and other regions in the province and with the two neighboring provinces of Ninh Binh and Nghe An. In the immediate future, renovate and upgrade some existing sections with potential for industrial development, tourism and aquaculture... to level IV and V. From 2011, build the entire route to at least level IV. Invest in building a number of bridges across estuaries and a number of cross-roads connecting to National Highway 1A, National Highway 10 and the North-South Expressway. By 2015, complete the construction of a bridge system across several major rivers, especially Tham Bridge (Nga Son), But Son Bridge (Hoang Hoa), and Do Dai Bridge (Hoang Hoa).
Regarding the bus station system. For Nghi Son Economic Zone and Sam Son town, build type 2 bus stations. At district centers and tourist attractions... invest in renovating and upgrading existing bus stations and building new ones so that each district town has at least 01 bus station (type 3 or 4). For towns, concentrated residential areas and commune and commune centers, type 5 or 6 bus stations will be built to meet the travel needs of the people. Build
Complete the system of bus stops on main passenger transport routes, ensuring convenient and reasonable travel.
Develop static traffic. Reasonable organization of parking lots in urban areas and tourist areas, especially Nghi Son Economic Zone and Sam Son tourist area, to meet the rapid development requirements of personal vehicles, while ensuring urban aesthetics. For new urban areas, it is necessary to reserve appropriate land for static traffic development right in the planning and construction process.
Regarding waterway traffic . Promoting the advantages of deep-water ports and large river systems, focusing on investing in the complete construction of Nghi Son port area to meet the rapid development requirements of the Economic Zone, while also opening a large gateway to the sea for the North Central Region and the whole region. In the immediate future, complete the construction of Nghi Son general port area managed by the locality with a capacity of 2 million tons/year, receiving ships up to 30,000 tons, preparing necessary conditions to expand the port to reach a capacity of 50 million tons/year by 2015. Researching a deep-water transit port on Me Island. Expanding specialized ports for cement factories. Deploying the construction of a port serving the thermal power plant, a port for Nghi Son shipyard and a port for the Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex according to the construction investment progress of the projects.
Continue to upgrade and expand a number of important river ports and tourist ports. Plan and invest in upgrading the river port system in the area to meet the demand for domestic freight transport between regions. Invest in dredging the river and canal systems and complete the buoy and sign systems, etc. to create favorable conditions for the strong development of inland waterway transport; develop waterway traffic with the northeastern provinces (Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, etc.)
Regarding railway traffic. Develop a railway network in the province connecting with areas with high transport demand, especially Nghi Son Economic Zone. Upgrade the existing railway system and coordinate with the Ministry of Transport to implement the construction of the North-South high-speed railway after 2010. Invest in the construction of a number of railway overpasses at the intersection of national highways and some important provincial roads.
Regarding aviation : Construction of a civil airport will be implemented before 2015. This project has been approved by the Prime Minister in the general planning task for the construction of Nghi Son economic zone.
Second. Regarding the development of irrigation and aquaculture infrastructure : Reasonable and effective use of state budget capital (including government bonds) and ODA (ADB, WB, ...) to build important irrigation works such as: Investing in the construction of sea dyke systems, river dykes, paying attention to the river system . Upgrading irrigation and drainage systems, irrigation systems for districts affected by salinity; water supply systems for Nghi Son Economic Zone, pumping stations, dredging the river system. Investing in completing the system of urban fishing centers and projects to develop farms combined with freshwater aquaculture .
Third. Regarding the development of the power supply network. Mobilize investment resources to develop the power supply network in the area to meet the demand for electricity for local economic development. Improve the quality of the power transmission network to ensure continuous and stable power supply for customers, reduce incidents and reduce power loss. Continue to invest in upgrading and gradually modernizing the entire power transmission and distribution system in the province, ensuring stable power supply with high quality, meeting the requirements of socio-economic development in the area.
Fourth. On the development of water supply and drainage systems. Synchronously build water supply and drainage systems with modern and advanced technology for coastal cities, towns, economic zones and industrial parks; upgrade, expand and build new water supply systems for towns, townships and concentrated residential areas. Prioritize the construction of water plants with a capacity of over 10,000 m3 / day and night with modern technology for Sam Son and Nghi Son towns, and water plants with a capacity of under 10,000 m3 / day and night for other district centers. By 2020, ensure the supply of clean water meeting standards in large urban areas with an average of 180 - 200 liters/person/day and night.
Focus on investing in the construction of rural water supply works, according to the National Clean Water Program, ensuring that by 2015, more than 100% of rural residents in the province will have access to clean water.