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Management Policy to Promote the Development of Marine Economic Centers in International Competition


1.3.4. Management policies to promote the development of marine economic centers in international competition

One of the measures to promote the development of the marine economy is to develop coastal economic centers with simple, open, and favorable management policies, etc. to attract investment capital and develop technology. These centers develop with the role of increasing the competitiveness of the economy.

economic. Competitiveness

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Management Policy to Promote the Development of Marine Economic Centers in International Competition

competition of businesses and business communities at both local and national levels.


A modern marine economy is an economy that (i) has developed marine technology

development; (ii) have modern, effective marine enterprises, strong internal industry linkages; (iii) have a reasonable regional economic space structure with strong marine economic centers; (iv) have a modern marine economic management institution.


Considered from

international competition

in economic development

sea ​​need press

Strengthening the role of marine economic centers. This is where marine economic activities are concentrated, with developed infrastructure and institutions; there are highly effective marine enterprises thanks to the center's advantages in technology, scale economy, industry linkages, access to resources, information, etc. In addition, marine economic development centers also have spillover effects, attraction and dominant role outside. In a country, a developed marine economic center will have many positive impacts on peripheral areas in terms of technology development, management experience, finance, investment, market, etc.


1.3.5. Climate change, environment and sustainable development


In the process of economic development, especially the industrialization process

Industrialization and modernization of the country often lead to negative consequences such as environmental pollution. In addition, climate change and rising sea levels have an impact.


strongly to the marine environment, both coastal and marine areas. This

has posed many challenges to management for sustainable development of marine economy.


Marine environment

presently

in: Coastal salt water quality; system

mangrove ecosystem; coastal wetland ecosystem; seaweed ecosystem; coral ecosystem; aquatic species, etc. Therefore, the government needs to fully integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation solutions into management strategies and policies to sustainably use resources and protect the marine environment.


With this approach, the main measure to protect the environment,

Responding to climate change and sustainable development requires: Investigating, surveying, and evaluating natural resources, potentials, and advantages of the sea; Monitoring hydrometeorology, environment, and forecasting natural disasters at sea; Researching climate change and negative impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems, proposing climate change scenarios and forecasting impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems, and proposing mitigation and

adapting to the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and

coastal areas; conservation of marine biodiversity; exploitation and use of resources

Marine nature from the perspective of sustainable use of natural resources

natural resources; Developing marine economic sectors with a sustainable view on the environment; Forecasting, preventing, controlling and handling marine pollution from the mainland (sources of waste from the mainland), sources of pollution at sea, responding to and handling transboundary pollution; Collecting, managing information and building a database on marine environmental resources; Comprehensive and unified management of activities at sea and in coastal areas; Spatial planning and development zoning; Combining resource management and environmental protection with security issues, protecting sovereignty and sovereign rights over seas and islands.


1.3.6.. Extremism


Extremism is one of the views and approaches

for the current management and development of the marine economy. Extremism is approached as follows:


First, extreme nationalism.


With this idea, all economic management and development activities

The sea will mainly stand on the nationalist, anti-foreign invasion and even xenophobic perspective. Extreme nationalism often leads to increased conflicts and even war. This is an ideology that has been worshiped by many individuals or nations throughout history and as a result, problems are often solved by

war, like Adolf Hitler's massacre of the Jews, the war between

Pakistan and Israel in the Gaza Strip as well as the civil war in Afghanistan. This is not a common development trend of the world because it often pushes countries and people into isolation and disconnection from the world.


Rank

two is

political extremist

ideology. This means the foundation

National politics will lean towards one side in international relations to take advantage of external support for economic development. This ideology also has certain advantages, such as Japan and South Korea leaning towards the US, taking advantage of US support to carry out their economic development and have also achieved many economic achievements. However, this trend also has many risks because it is dominated and heavily dependent on other countries, easily losing independence and autonomy and can become a "card" for big countries to negotiate and set conditions. Reality also shows that leaning towards one side does not necessarily achieve many achievements in development, for example, North Korea is heavily dominated by China but its economy has hardly developed. Previously, the US also abandoned its ally, the Government of South Vietnam.


Rank

three is

extreme in concept of

owner

vol.

this idea

argues that sovereignty is a legal concept, it is more important

real power, it is the real power in international relations. With this ideology, sovereignty is a sacred right, inviolable, not shared. However, if we are extreme about sovereignty, it will be difficult to integrate internationally. Therefore, we should not be too extreme in our concept of sovereignty. The state can consider sovereignty as inviolable but can contribute, can temporarily entrust for a certain period of time or even can trade off in order to integrate with the outside world for development.


The fourth is the extreme “one factor” approach. This thinking gives

that with power there can be justice. Therefore, to develop, it is necessary to find a powerful factor to promote and control development. This is an idea that easily makes people expect an external force, a superpower, to create stability and promote development.


Fifth is foreign policy extremism. This is the ideology that attaches importance to foreign relations.

external relations without being linked to internal social relations, especially domestic economic development reforms. This will depend largely on the ability to persuade external support. However, this is not certain to help the country promote its internal strength and improve its position.


1.3.7. Idealism


Idealism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that reality

entirely limited by our minds. Idealism begins

officially by George Berkeley. Idealism was quite popular in

philosophy from

century

18 to the early years of the century

20. Owner

meaning

There are many forms of idealism: Transcendental idealism

Idealism), advocated by Immanuel Kant, holds that there are limits to


things possible

understand if

it is not to be judged

in objective conditions. Kant wrote the Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787) in an attempt to reconcile the

contrasting approaches of theory and practice to establish a

new foundation for the study of metaphysics. Kant's aim with his work

Kant's approach was to look at what we know and then consider what must be true in the way we know it. Kant's method was modeled after Euclid's, although he ultimately admitted that pure reason was insufficient to discover all truth. Kant's work was followed by the works of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer.

Kant's philosophy, known as Transcendental Idealism, was later made more abstract and general, in a movement known as German Idealism, a form of absolute idealism. German Idealism became popular with the publication of the work of

GWF Hegel in 1807 entitled Phenomenology of Spirit. In this work, Hegel asserted that the purpose of philosophy is to point out the apparent contradictions in human experience (arising, for example, from the realization that each self is both an active individual and a passive witness).

what is in the world

world) and must be eliminated

go through those contradictions

by making them mutually compatible. Philosophers in the Hegelian tradition include Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and occasionally the British Idealists.


However, if standing on the angle

Economic

economic development

The sea must rely on justice, legality and righteousness. Therefore, to manage and develop the marine economy, we need to rely on international conventions, international practices and highly legal regulations, believing in the impartial support of the world.


1.3.8. Realism


Realism is sometimes referred to as a point of view.

opposed to Idealism. Realism developed in the

18th century, it assumed that some things really exist outside the human mind.

people. According to realism, to develop the marine economy we need

must be based on

into reality

development. Must see strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities, risks and challenges in developing its marine economy.


Vietnam is a country located on the Indochina peninsula, with a region

The sea is over 1 million km2, more than 3 times the land area. Vietnam has a coastline of over 3,260 km, with many large and small islands of all kinds and two offshore archipelagos, Hoang Sa and Truong Sa. Therefore, the sea is closely linked to and has a great influence on the socio-economic development, ensuring national defense, security, and environmental protection of many regions of the country.


The 21st century is considered by the world as the "Century of ocean and marine economy".

“Towards the sea - the ocean is the strategic slogan of many countries. Vietnam is a maritime country, with favorable conditions in the race to develop the country, so this trend cannot be ignored.


1.4. Legal issues related to marine economic management


1.4.1. International law of the sea


To manage and develop Vietnam's marine economy, it is necessary to

Mastering the legal regulations as well as the international legal systems on the sea is extremely necessary. In order to build a basis for the management of the marine economy of countries around the world, the 3rd United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea officially adopted the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on April 30, 1982, abbreviated as UNCLOS 1982. The Convention has been ratified by 119


The delegations of the countries officially signed on December 10, 1982.

This convention officially came into force on February 16, 1994 after being ratified by 60 countries. Vietnam was the 61st country to ratify this convention on June 23, 1994.


The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is one of the

the most significant achievements in the field of international law of the century

XX. This is considered as a Constitution on the sea of ​​the International Community.

economy, public

The convention established an order

new on the sea, fair and just

widely recognized. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides a comprehensive body of legal provisions covering most areas.

sea ​​and history

use signs like: Mode

the law of all

the

maritime zones under national sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction, and regulations

maritime, history

use and management of marine resources, protection

environment

sea, marine scientific research, maritime security and order, international cooperation on the sea... The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea consists of 17 parts with 320 articles, 9 annexes with more than 100 articles and 4 accompanying resolutions.

This Convention is a comprehensive, comprehensive and encompassing international instrument.

covers most of the most important issues regarding the legal regime of the world's seas and oceans.


Below are some basic issues that affect economic management.

sea ​​as stated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982:


Baseline


Baseline

is the boundary line to

as a basis

define scope

maritime space as well as determining maritime zones under national sovereignty. According to Articles 5 and 7 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, baselines are determined in one of the following ways:


Method 1: The baseline is the lowest waterline along the

the coast as shown on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State (Article 5, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982).

Method 2: The baseline may be determined by joining appropriate points selected along the farthest protruding low-water line (Article 7, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982).

In the case of river mouths, the baseline is a straight line across the mouth of the river connecting the outermost points of the low-water mark on both banks of the river (Article 9, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982).


For coastal rocks, the baseline is measured from the nearest

Low water on the outermost side of the rock as shown on the chart (Article 6).


Inland waters


Internal waters are all waters adjacent to the coast and located offshore.

within the baselines calculated according to Method 2 above (According to Article 8, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982). Internal waters are the areas where coastal states

have owner

complete and absolute rights as

for the territory

mainland of


Territorial waters


Territorial waters are sea areas whose width must not exceed 12 nautical miles.

since

muscle line

Department (Article 3)

Labour

United Nations Convention on

Law of the Sea

1982). Territorial waters can be understood in three ways:

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