Overview of Research Projects on Tourism Development, Tourism Development Along Economic Corridors

of tourism as a field of the service industry but has not gone into depth about the connection to develop tourism of localities along Highway 18, while tourism is an important factor creating the development of the Highway [17].

Author Phan Manh Hung has successfully defended his thesis: "Current situation and solutions for socio-economic development of the National Highway 12A corridor in Quang Binh". The thesis analyzes and evaluates the economic development conditions, current development status, proposes development orientations for the economic development, key industry clusters of districts along the corridor; recommends basic solutions for developing industry clusters of the National Highway 12A corridor in Quang Binh. Tourism is assessed by the author as an important field of the service industry, and it is expected that the service economy and tourism will play a leading role in the future. The author has not mentioned in depth about the development of tourism, the impact

The impact of HLKT as well as the connection to develop tourism along National Highway 12 Quang Binh [20].

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In general, in all the above studies, the authors affirm that the development of economic corridors will bring great benefits in strengthening connections, promoting the socio-economy of localities with key traffic routes passing through, the factors forming economic corridors... but no author has fully and deeply assessed the impact of economic corridors on promoting tourism development, or the connection to develop tourism of localities along the economic corridors... mainly the authors have only stopped at assessing the potential, current situation and proposing orientations for tourism development in some individual localities, not mentioning much about the connection to develop tourism according to

a particular corridor.... However, these studies have provided

With different perspectives and problem solving methods at different levels, the author of the thesis has summarized and selectively inherited the scientific basis of HLKT to apply in his thesis.

1.2. Overview of research works on tourism development, tourism development along economic corridors

Nowadays, tourism is increasingly important and is an economic sector that brings high efficiency. Therefore, research on tourism in general and the linkage of tourism development of localities in particular are increasingly focused on both domestically and internationally.

1.2.1. Overseas projects

In the early 19th century, Adam Smith and David Ricardo proposed the theory of the study of economic space organization and the role of central points in the 1930s, which was then widely deployed in European countries in the 1950s. By the 1970s, this issue was widely studied and used. In the Soviet Union, this issue was widely studied in terms of "spatial organization", "territorial organization"... The United States is a country that flexibly applies this issue to research approaches to the subject and implement effective solutions for development.

The issue of tourism development has been raised by Soviet scientists, Mukhina, Kandaxkia, BNLikhanov, II Pizojnik... such as: the issue of carrying capacity for tourist areas, assessment of resources according to the territory serving tourism, rest, entertainment, research on the organization of tourism territory,... In which the notable contribution is Mukhina (1973) on the assessment of natural complexes serving entertainment; Kandaxkia (1973) studied the carrying capacity and stability of tourist destinations; BNLikhanov (1973)

study of recreational resources according to the territory of tourist regions; II Pizojnik

(1985) research on the organization of tourism territories and tourist regions [cited in 32].

According to Western geographers, tourism development issues are studied more narrowly, such as calculating the efficiency of land use for tourism activities, issues related to tourism and tourism development, the relationship between tourism and economic development dynamics... Tourism geography works that delve into the social aspects of leisure geography include the works of IV Dorin. IA Vedenin, Janaki (University of Florida, USA) and Wiktor LA Adamovic (University of Alberta, Canada)... [79].

American scientists from the Working Group on Tourism and Competitiveness, research the issue of exploiting resources for tourism development, calculating land use efficiency, evaluating the advantages of land areas for tourism activities and

study the effectiveness of domain-specific predictions [80].

tourism project within the territorial limits

an area,

In the document “Value chain analysis practice manual of the MP4 project”, GTZ, Value links mannual: The methodolody of value chain promotion [73], it is stated that: Tourism products are often a chain of services, the actual value chain is a journey in which tourists move in a series of interconnected services. This system only operates when all services are ready, at the right times and quality. In the service industry

It is necessary to coordinate many sectors and stages together to provide customers with

the most perfect products. Here the services are provided by individual service providers, so it requires a service provider with the function of coordinating the Travel Agency (travel business) or tour operator...

In the study “The impact of the Maputo corridor on the service sector”, the authors Campbell, Johan Maritz, Hauptfleisch ACH [69], emphasized the strong spillover effect of the development of the Maputo corridor (South Africa) to the region.

vicinity through strengthening the linkage of development centers and infrastructure.

Through empirical data, the study also shows that the development of the economic corridor has promoted the economic growth rate of localities in the corridor area higher and faster than neighboring areas far from the impact range of the corridor. Thus, in this study, the authors have mentioned the concept and role of the formation and development of the economic corridor in general and for the South African region in particular, its impact on the service industry, including tourism.

In “The greater Mekong subregion economic cooperation programstrategic framework 2012 2022”: building and promoting the Mekong subregion countries

as a single destination, offering a diversity of quality and energy

high productivity of small products to help distribute the benefits of tourism more widely, to propose programs and directions for cooperation in sustainable tourism development, tourism development for the poor, human resource development, sub-regional tourism circuits..., to further streamline cross-border travel (including VISA)

…[85].

In the subject

Project "Development and Operation of Economic Corridor"

Nanning –

Singapore”, Research Team of Guangxi Academy of Social Sciences, China, 2008: It is believed that to operate and develop the corridor, it is possible to start simply from transportation and tourism, but tourism research has only opened up to the level of investigating the resources of the countries in the corridor, building a combination of some tours, tourist routes... of the countries to attract tourists. It has not been studied in depth and made into a main research issue [38].

In general, in the world there are many research works on tourism, tourism territory organization, tourism development, these studies have great significance for the tourism development of countries in general and each tourism territory in particular. The author of the thesis has acquired and inherited the theoretical basis, concepts of tourism, tourism development of the above works... to actively serve in his thesis.

1.2.2. Domestic projects

Research works on tourism planning by authors Vu Tuan Canh, Le Thong, Nguyen Minh Tue, Dang Duy Loi, Pham Trung Luong and many other authors have studied and evaluated resources and territorial organization of Vietnam's tourism, based on analyzing the theoretical basis of the organization of tourism territory, studying the issues of the organization of tourism territory, zoning tourism, forecasting the needs of strategic development, building tourist routes and destinations... These works play a fundamental role.

foundation for tourism research nationwide. Typical examples are "Ecotourism, theoretical and practical issues on tourism development in Vietnam" [22], "Scientific basis and solutions for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam" [12]. Building a system of methodologies and research methods on tourism planning [11]...

Tourism planning issues: Institute for Tourism Development Research

The General Department of Tourism has conducted many research projects nationwide such as the Master Plan for Vietnam Tourism Development in the period 1995-2010 (1995), Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy to 2020, vision to 2030 (2010-2012), Master Plan for the Development of the Northern Tourism Region to 2010, orientation to 2020 (1999), Master Plan for the Development of Tourism in the Hanoi Tourism Center and vicinity to 2010, orientation to 2020 (1999)... The plans have been adjusted by the Ministry of Culture - Sports and Tourism to suit the

each stage of socio-economic development, in the Master Plan for tourism development

Vietnam to 2020 and vision to 2030 [39], Vietnam is divided into 7 tourist regions (Northern Midlands and Mountains, Red River Delta and Northeast Coast, North Central Coast, South Central Coast, Central Highlands, Southeast and Southwest). These plans are highly oriented scientific publications, invested research, with content

content to evaluate tourism potential, current status of Vietnam tourism and

Tourism development plan, contributing to orienting tourism development of the whole country in general and each region, province and city in particular.

In addition, some provinces (cities) have also developed a master plan for tourism development by the Departments of Tourism Management in conjunction with the Institute for Tourism Development Research: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Lang Son, Bac Giang... these plans will be

Practical basis for orienting tourism development to suit tourism potential and socio-economic situation in each locality and region.

At the provincial level, in addition to provincial planning, there are also doctoral theses that delve into research on territorial tourism organizations and tourism development such as:

+ Organization of Quang Nam - Da Nang tourism territory, Truong Phuoc Minh, the author mainly evaluates resources, comparative advantages of tourism resources, studies the forms of territorial organization of the provinces... but has not analyzed the connection between localities to develop tourism and form specific tourism products... [26].

+ Researching the organization of tourism territory in Son La province, Do Thi Mui, the author, inventory and evaluates resources serving the tourism TCLT, the current status of exploiting tourist spots, clusters and routes in Son La province, building a system of criteria to evaluate tourist spots, clusters and routes in the research area... From there, choose effective solutions for the tourism TCLT in Son La province. The author only mentioned the form

National Highway 6 runs through the province, but its importance has not been assessed.

National highway in connection to develop tourism with the northwestern provinces [27].

+ Developing tourism in Ho Chi Minh City by exploiting tourism resources in the surrounding areas, Do Quoc Thong, the author, deeply analyzed the tourism resources in the surrounding areas of Ho Chi Minh City, thereby providing directions for tourism development for the city by identifying tourist spots, clusters, and routes in the surrounding areas that can supplement the tourism development of Ho Chi Minh City. The connection of tourism development based on the traffic axes of Ho Chi Minh City and neighboring localities has not been mentioned [35].

+ Organizing Hoa Binh tourism territory from the perspective of sustainable development, Pham Le Thao, the author analyzes the factors affecting the tourism development of Hoa Binh province, evaluates the current status of tourism development and the tourism development of Hoa Binh province from the perspective of sustainable development, proposes some solutions to organize tourism activities to sustainably use resources and environment for development and

sustainable development of tourism in particular and socio-economic development of Hoa Binh province in general. The issue of linkage between Hoa Binh province and neighboring provinces to develop tourism has not been mentioned by the author [30].

+ Studying the tourism center of Hai Phong - Quang Ninh from the perspective of sustainable tourism development, Le Van Minh, the author, gave an overview and comprehensive assessment of the main resources, assessed the current status of tourism development and exploitation capacity in Hai Phong and Quang Ninh, thereby identifying the basic advantages and limitations in exploiting resources for tourism development in the area, proposing specific solutions to develop sustainable tourism in Hai Phong and Quang Ninh. There has been a spark about the connection to develop tourism between the two tourism centers of Hai Phong and Quang Ninh, however, this connection has not been mentioned in depth [25].

+ Developing tourism in Thai Nguyen province with the exploitation of tourism resources in neighboring areas, Nguyen Lan Anh, the author, built a system of criteria for evaluating tourist destinations (applied to Thai Nguyen province) and tourism resource destinations (applied to Thai Nguyen province's neighboring areas), evaluated the comparative advantages of tourism resources in Thai Nguyen and neighboring areas, analyzed the current status of tourism development in Thai Nguyen with the exploitation of tourism resources in neighboring areas, thereby proposing some solutions... How Thai Nguyen connects with neighboring areas along traffic routes to develop tourism has not been mentioned much by the author [1].

The above authors mainly evaluate resources, evaluate comparative advantages of tourism resources, study the forms of territorial organization of provinces and neighboring regions... but have not deeply researched the connection to develop tourism between localities.

Regarding tourism development and tourism value chain: The authors have more or less mentioned the linkage for tourism development, the linkage in the tourism value chain in a certain area,... but have not mentioned the linkage in tourism development along a traffic axis, specifically the HLKT route. The author of the thesis has synthesized some studies of the following authors:

+ Author Chau Quoc Tuan in the thesis "Developing island tourism in Bai Tu Long Bay, Quang Ninh province", studied a number of island tourism development models of some localities in and outside the country, evaluated the island tourism resources of Bai Tu Long Bay; analyzed the current status of island tourism development in Bai Tu Long Bay through the contents of evaluating island tourism development: product development; development of tourism technical facilities, development

Developing human resources for tourism and developing the market for sea and island tourism.

Evaluate the results and contributions of Bai Tu Long Bay island tourism to the local economic structure and propose some solutions. Analyze the factors affecting the development of island tourism, thereby pointing out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of developing Bai Tu Long Bay island tourism in the period of 2005.

– 2015 [36].

+ According to author Nguyen Van Manh in the thesis "Solutions to develop tourism business in Hanoi", he focused on analyzing the achievements and limitations in tourism business in Hanoi. This is a very developed service today, attracting many domestic and international tourists, the profit from tourism is quite large, but it has also revealed many disadvantages, unprofessionalism, synchronization in organization as well as weaknesses in infrastructure, the connection between travel companies in Hanoi in particular and the whole country in general to create attractive tours that bring high profits [23].

+ Author Pham Hong Chuong, in the study "Exploiting and expanding the international tourism market of travel agencies in Hanoi" pointed out the opportunities and challenges for travel agencies in Hanoi when participating in the travel business, the advantages and difficulties in welcoming international tourists to Vietnam and bringing Vietnamese tourists to travel abroad, some feasible solutions have been proposed to promote the development of the international travel market [13].

+ In the study "Main solutions to prevent risks and limit losses in tourism business in Hanoi", author Vu

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