tourist destination to consider how many tourists that tourist destination can receive. However, determining the capacity of each tourist destination is not easy because it depends on many different factors.
Referring to the surrounding legal issues: " Intangible Cultural Heritage in International Law " by Lucas Lixinski [169] comprehensively analyzed the legal issues surrounding the protection of intangible cultural heritage (also known as traditional cultural expressions or folklore), explored the institutional response and legal content, analyzed the protection of intangible cultural heritage at three different levels: international, regional and national levels.
Each heritage is considered as an attractive attraction for visitors to visit, the attraction is the main reason for people to travel to the destination. Identifying the challenges that destinations face and recognizing the impact of these factors on the effective promotion of tourist attractions is the main issue raised. Anna Leask with the work: " Progrees in visitor attraction research: Towards more effective management " (Research on promoting the effectiveness of tourist attractions: The guiding purpose of tourism management) [162] . To effectively promote tourist attractions, it is necessary to follow the model: identifying factors, effective measures and tools to promote heritage. The identified factors represent aspects of promoting values including competitive environment, types of tourist attractions, tourist behavior, staff skills, tourism product development, etc. From these identified factors, indicators for evaluating effectiveness will be established such as: number of tourists, tourist satisfaction, educational goals, community goals, etc. With heritage promotion tools to evaluate attractions such as: collecting tourist data, quantitatively checking tourist behavior, diversifying and developing new products.
Concerned about the development model, the study of Huibin (2013) and colleagues on " Conceptuabizing a sustainable development model for cultural heritage tourism in Asia - Theoritical and empirical researches in Ubban
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management" (The concept of sustainable development model for cultural tourism in Asia - theoretical and empirical studies in urban management) [168]. Referring to the process of tourism development at heritage sites, it is always facing many social and environmental pressures. Therefore, how to develop sustainable tourism at heritage sites becomes urgent. With the 4DGPM model that the author proposed, it is established in which there are four main goals aimed at: the resource goal is to preserve, inherit and maintain national cultural identity; the goal of stakeholders including local authorities to guide and promote tourism development, investors, non-governmental organizations, etc.; the market goal is to develop new markets and penetrate potential markets; the benefit goal for tourism development is to build a modern infrastructure system with community participation.
1.1.1.2. Works by domestic authors
The work: "Some issues on preserving and developing national cultural heritage " by Hoang Vinh [155] includes 3 chapters and an appendix that deals with theoretical issues on national cultural heritage, the role and function of cultural heritage in choosing a model for national cultural development. Based on urgent practical requirements, classify and initially describe the current status of national cultural heritage. Thereby highlighting the limitations and causes that have caused and are causing losses to national cultural heritage in recent times. From there, some recommendations and specific measures are proposed to promote national cultural heritage in accordance with practical requirements. In addition, introducing Japan's experience in preserving and promoting national cultural heritage.
The concept of cultural heritage is the totality of traditional cultural assets in its value system, recognized by the subject and put into use to meet the needs and demands of the present. The key role here is played by the concepts of "recognition" and use; outside the relationship with the subject, the concept of cultural heritage in the general sense does not exist.
Author Hoang Vinh also recommends forming a policy on preserving and developing our country's national cultural heritage:
Historical relics, cultural and artistic works and structures, talents and celebrities must be considered valuable assets of the nation; effective policies and measures must be taken to preserve historical relics and cultural values in the long term to educate people about patriotism and national pride, about historical and cultural traditions, creating conditions for many generations to enjoy, absorb and study new cultural values that reflect the height of the times and the depth of tradition, both national and modern, fighting against the tendency of rootlessness and nihilism [155, p.90].
Some experiences from the preservation and promotion of Japanese heritage were also summarized by researcher Hoang Vinh: Always consider the preservation and exploitation of cultural assets as an important issue stipulated in legal documents and policies of Japan. The exploitation, preservation and promotion of national cultural heritages are educated in the awareness of each citizen towards sustainable development. From the above awareness, Japan has realized cultural heritage in practical life by a series of specific measures such as: organizing the administrative apparatus and operating budget, exploiting the values of cultural assets on the basis of penetrating into the modern life of the community, activities of preserving and exploiting cultural assets in the context of expanding the culture of all humanity...
Author Ho Sy Quy in the book: " On values and Asian values " [84] said: Values with the outstanding characteristics of promoting the values of diligence, studiousness, respect for family and community values, have played a positive role in the miraculous development of many countries in recent decades. On the other hand, facing the challenges of globalization and international integration, the study of values will help countries to see more clearly the role of national cultural identity in the development process. The author of the thesis has approached the concept
about values, about traditional values of Vietnamese culture as the knowledge basis for research in the thesis.
The work: " Traditional cultural values of Vietnam " by author Ngo Duc Thinh [110] has confirmed and deeply analyzed the values of traditional Vietnamese culture. The PhD student absorbed the system of theories on culture and the system of Vietnamese cultural values; cultural values are expressed in different areas of national life such as: adaptation, rational exploitation of natural resources, in material life to satisfy needs, in the way of organizing and behaving in society, in cultural and artistic creation, in spiritual life, religious beliefs, in education and training, in cultural exchange...
In the field of " Preserving and promoting intangible culture", author Ngo Duc Thinh [109] said: Intangible culture is a way of classifying, indicating the official forms of intangible culture, the characteristics of intangible culture and their collection and preservation. Through that, the author wants to send the message that: Intangible culture is a culture that spans both space and time, influenced by many factors. In the current period with cultural exchange and interaction, intangible culture is vulnerable. Therefore, to promote cultural values with economic development, it is necessary to go through the authorities at all levels, scientists play a guiding role in promoting the value of cultural heritage.
Authors Tran Duc Thanh [100] and Hoang Van Thanh [101] have deeply analyzed the close relationship between tourism and culture, the effects of culture on tourism, the impacts of tourism activities on culture, the impacts on the basic elements of culture in both positive and negative directions... From there, the two authors have emphasized the important role and task of the tourism industry, which is through its activities to contribute to preserving the national cultural identity, preserving and embellishing traditional cultural heritages in a better way. To satisfy the need to interact and exchange with
different cultures, to study and enjoy the unique cultural values of indigenous people everywhere in the world, requires tourism businesses to know how to exploit the cultural heritage values at destinations, in order to create attractive tourism products. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to introducing and expressing the cultural identity of their own people in the process of tourism business activities.
To further confirm the relationship between culture and tourism, author Nguyen Manh Hung [49] in his research work " Cultural tourism " identified cultural types, different aspects of cultural tourism, different areas of cultural tourism, heritages, relics, contemporary works, cultural landscapes that play an important role in tourism, characteristics of cultural management and tourism business, as well as issues related to the preservation of cultural heritage in tourism development, issues of tourism development in the context of international integration... Analysis of cultural entities used in tourism includes types of cultural resources exploited and used by humans to create tourism products to serve the needs of tourists, along with the participation of the cultural environment in interaction with the natural environment. These are tangible and intangible cultural resources, political - economic - social conditions... creating resources for tourism development. At the same time, cultural entities are created in tourism such as organizational culture, tourism business, cultural models and styles, leadership qualities and management capacity in tourism enterprises, communication culture, behavior in tourism... associated with domestic and foreign lessons... These are cultural entities created from the tourism environment, determined by tourism, showing the characteristics, nature and level of a cultural tourism.
There are many scientific works researching the transformation of cultural values and heritage values into resources for tourism development. The articles " Tourism and the issue of preserving national cultural identity " by Le Hong Ly [63] and
" Exploiting cultural heritage as a tourism resource " by Nguyen Thi Chien [19] affirmed that cultural heritage is the main resource forming tourism products and tourism activities, contributing significantly to the preservation and promotion of heritage values. In the article " Cultural heritage management associated with tourism development ", author Trinh Ngoc Chung [21] stated:
Previously, people only paid much attention to tourism potential in terms of natural geographical conditions, climate, infrastructure and tourism technical infrastructure, but did not properly assess the cultural potential in tourism development, especially the role and significance of historical and cultural relics... But in reality, to develop tourism, first of all, it is necessary to have diverse tourism potential and unique tourism products with high value. Only with such conditions can tourism be attractive to domestic and international tourists. Tourism potential and products are made up of many factors, of which the most important is always cultural heritage as a unique tourism product with high appeal. Because cultural heritage itself contains historical, cultural and scientific values. In other words, protecting and promoting the value of cultural heritage is both a product and an object of exploitation of the tourism industry [21].
Many researchers believe that the traditional cultural heritage of the nation that exists until now contains values that our ancestors created, through the process of selection and transmission to future generations. These values are like a stream and have the great potential to be the source of strength for the nation. At the same time, these cultural heritages are valuable resources for tourism development. Linking heritage with tourism is an effective way for people to raise awareness about preserving and protecting cultural heritage, contributing to increasing income and improving the lives of communities where heritage is located.
The work: " Some issues in managing and developing tourism at world heritage sites in Vietnam " by Do Thanh Hoa [45] mentioned the advantages and limitations in the process of exploiting heritage values, assessed the positive and negative impacts of cultural heritage development on tourism, and pointed out the shortcomings that need to be overcome to promote tourism development.
The works: " Cultural heritage in tourism development in the South Central Coast provinces " by Tu Thi Loan [58]; " Cultural heritage of the South Central Coast provinces with tourism potential " by Nguyen Van Manh, Nguyen Thi My Loc [68], " Developing tourism in the South Central Coast region with conservation and promotion of cultural heritage values " by Pham Trung Luong [61] have identified that the South Central Coast region has advantages in cultural tourism resources, especially world cultural heritages with unique values that need to be focused on exploiting to promote tourism development in the region. The documents all identify the main orientation in tourism development in the South Central Coast region as focusing on exploiting the values of cultural heritages, especially promoting cultural heritage values while paying attention to conservation.
Author Nguyen Thi Thu Ha said:
Hoi An is one of the most successful cases in Vietnam in ensuring the long-term survival of cultural heritage and improving the quality of life of local people through tourism development. The reason for this success is that Hoi An has a system of policies that closely link cultural heritage management activities with tourism development… Directly, tourism has contributed to the preservation of cultural heritage in Hoi An by using a part of its income as a financial support fund. Indirectly, by promoting local economic development, providing jobs for local people, increasing income and improving the quality of life… are things that, thanks to that, raise people's awareness of the value and
The importance of preserving precious heritages, tourism has contributed to helping local communities have more means and motivation to protect cultural heritages themselves. Therefore, in the future, when Hoi An cannot completely rely on funding and protection from the Government, tourism is considered the most promising tool in ensuring sustainable management of cultural heritages [42].
Researcher Nguyen Thi Thong Nhat in the article: " Reasonable exploitation of world cultural heritages to develop tourism in Central Vietnam " [76], systematized the theoretical basis of world cultural heritage tourism resources, identified the characteristics of world cultural heritages and provided a theoretical basis for the reasonable exploitation of world cultural heritage values to develop tourism. Through this, the researcher has acquired experience in determining the model of reasonable exploitation of cultural heritage values, determining criteria and indicators for evaluating the reasonable exploitation of cultural heritage values. In addition, drawing lessons for tourism and solving the problem: the reasonableness in exploiting cultural heritage values. Criteria used to evaluate the reasonableness in exploiting cultural heritage values. Exploiting cultural heritage values to promote tourism. Solutions that need to be implemented to reasonably exploit cultural heritage values. From there, apply to the reasonable exploitation of cultural heritages for tourism development in VMQTG in particular, and Hanoi Capital in general.
1.1.2. Research works on cultural heritage values for tourism development in Hanoi Capital
Over the past 1,000 years, there have been thousands of research documents on Thang Long - Hanoi in general, and nearly a thousand research documents on culture and the value of the cultural heritage of Thang Long - Hanoi in particular. Research documents on cultural heritage or the value of the cultural heritage of Thang Long - Hanoi are very rich and are written in many different languages such as: Chinese characters, Nom characters, Japanese characters, French characters... Documents written in Vietnamese have documents over a thousand pages long such as: 1000 years of Thang Long - Hanoi by Nguyen Vinh Phuc - Tre Publishing House (1193 pages), Hanoi Encyclopedia 17 volumes - Dictionary Publishing House