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Knowledge and skills for tourism human resources in the city. In addition to the achieved results, the city's tourism human resources still have limitations and shortcomings such as: the quality of human resources is not high, there are many limitations compared to the VTOS Standards and the ASEAN Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professionals, shown through limitations in professional knowledge, professional skills, foreign languages, working attitudes, many aspects do not meet the requirements, current human resources do not meet the requirements in terms of quantity, unbalanced in structure, ratio, lack of skilled workers, human resources for departmental and senior management, supervision, state management officials, good teachers, lecturers, experts, human resources who are proficient in foreign languages at work account for a low percentage, in which there is a particular lack of workers who know foreign languages other than English, few people know two or more foreign languages, the quality of training in general does not meet the requirements of integration, the training level is not commensurate with the qualifications, the training and fostering of human resources is not closely linked to the requirements of the labor market, there are The gap between training quality and human resource requirements of tourism businesses, a part of the workforce lacking professional knowledge, skills and attitudes, state management of tourism human resource development is still limited, and international linkages in training are still limited.
Based on a clear analysis of the current situation, pointing out the achievements, limitations and causes, the author also raised five issues that need to be resolved for the city's tourism human resources to meet the requirements of international integration such as: the city lacks orientation and solutions for tourism human resources development, does not meet the demand for human resources in terms of quantity, structure and quality, training quality is not high, foreign language proficiency is limited, and there is a lack of high-quality human resources to meet the development needs and requirements of international integration.
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CHAPTER 3.
ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY OF HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION
3.1. Orientation of tourism development in Ho Chi Minh City
Resolution No. 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo on developing tourism into a spearhead economic sector has set the goal: “By 2020, tourism will basically become a spearhead economic sector, with professionalism, a relatively synchronous and modern technical infrastructure system; high-quality, diverse, branded tourism products, imbued with national cultural identity, competitive with countries in the region and the world... Strive for tourism to truly be a spearhead economic sector by 2030, strongly promoting the development of other sectors and fields. Vietnam has the leading tourism industry in Southeast Asia”.
In Decision No. 2351/QD-TTg dated December 24, 2014, the Prime Minister approved the Southeast Region Tourism Development Plan, with the specific goal of "developing diverse, unique, branded tourism with competitiveness with other countries in the region" and identifying "Ho Chi Minh City as the region's tourism center with the direction of exploiting typical tourism products including: conferences, seminars, marine ecology, entertainment, sports, weekend resorts and cruise tourism".
Pursuant to the Resolution of the Politburo and the Decision of the Government, in order to exploit the potential and advantages of tourism resources, develop green and sustainable tourism associated with preserving, conserving and promoting the values and characteristics of the city with a system of synchronous, unique and highly competitive tourism products that are truly a spearhead economic sector, a driving force for rapid and sustainable economic, cultural and social growth, the Standing Committee of the City Party Committee issued Directive No. 07-CT/TU in 2016 on the task of developing the city's tourism industry by 2020. The Directive determined: "By 2020, tourism will account for an increasingly high proportion in the city's GRDP structure (from 11% or more), with service quality on par with Southeast Asia, the growth rate of international visitors to Ho Chi Minh City will reach 6.4 million, the average growth of domestic tourists will be 6-7%, and tourism income growth in the period of 2016 - 2020 average 15-16%, tourism development must be associated with responsibility and in a sustainable direction, bringing comprehensive benefits to the city, tourism businesses and the community".
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From the above policies, the orientation for tourism development in the city from now to 2030 can be determined as follows: Developing tourism in the city into a spearhead economic sector with a diverse, distinctive, unique product system, with a brand name and service quality on par with Southeast Asia and the world, competing with other cities with developed tourism in the region; focusing on effectively exploiting the potentials, advantages, and available tourism resources. Developing green tourism, associated with responsibility and in a sustainable direction.
3.2. Opportunities and challenges, orientation, viewpoints and goals of human resource development of Ho Chi Minh City tourism industry in the context of globalization
3.2.1. Opportunities and challenges:
3.2.1.1. Opportunity:
- Tourism in the country and the city is forecast to continue to grow in accordance with the set tourism development goals. And accordingly, the demand for tourism human resources will increase.
- The Party, Government and City authorities are interested in tourism development. This is an opportunity for tourism development and NNLDL development.
- The international and ASEAN region have created conditions for Ho Chi Minh City tourism to access the latest international standards on tourism services and products and requirements for human resource quality; opening up many opportunities in cooperation in training and developing tourism human resources.
- Tourism is one of the fields that is currently attracting many domestic and foreign investment resources. In which, there is investment in developing tourism human resource training.
3.2.1.2. Challenges:
- International cooperation and the development trend of the tourism industry place increasing demands on tourism products, services and environment. Accordingly, the demands on human resources are also increasing (in terms of quantity, quality, structure...).
- Lack of lecturers and teachers with good professional expertise, practical experience, good foreign language skills and modern teaching methods. Facilities and investment funds for practical lessons at training facilities are facing many difficulties. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure training quality, and training products are difficult to meet market demand.
- "ASEAN Free Movement Agreement on Tourism Professionals" creates competition for jobs and career development opportunities between foreign and domestic workers.
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- Tourism develops simultaneously in many localities, leading to the sharing of human resources, especially management and skilled labor.
3.2.2. Viewpoint:
Based on the viewpoint of the Party and State on human resource development in the process of industrialization, modernization and international integration and the viewpoint of developing Vietnam's tourism industry into a spearhead economic sector; applying it to the practical situation of the city's tourism industry, considering the opportunities and challenges for human resource development in the tourism industry, the viewpoint of human resource development in the tourism industry of Ho Chi Minh City is specified as follows:
- The tourism industry's human resource development must be linked to the tourism development strategy and the city's socio-economic development planning, considering this a decisive factor for the development of the tourism industry, a solution to enhance the competitiveness of the tourism industry, helping the city's tourism quickly become a key economic sector and develop sustainably in the context of international integration.
- PTNNL is an important solution to improve the quality of tourism products and services, meeting the increasing demands of domestic and foreign tourists.
- Tourism human resource development must be based on fundamentally resolving the limitations and weaknesses of the city's tourism human resources in the past, ensuring sufficient quantity and quality with appropriate structure, aiming at the goal of human resources having professional knowledge, skills and attitudes corresponding to ASEAN tourism profession standards and meeting international requirements.
- Focus on vocational training, on-the-job training, regular training, and prioritize the development of high-quality human resources.
- Mobilize all domestic and foreign resources for tourism industry development to create a breakthrough development of tourism industry in the coming time.
3.2.3 Objectives of the tourism industry development plan in Ho Chi Minh City
According to research by the Center for Labor Forecasting, the growth rate of tourism labor in the period 2015-2020 is 3.5%/year, the demand for human resources in the city's tourism industry is about 21,600 people/year, accounting for 8% of the city's total demand for human resources, with the following specific qualifications:
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Table 3.1. Forecast of human resource demand in tourism industry in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2015 - 2020
Level
Rate (%) | Number (people) | |
University - Postgraduate | 10 | 5,100 |
College - Secondary | 50 | 25,500 |
Vocational training | 30 | 15,300 |
Untrained | 10 | 5,100 |
Total: | 100 | 51,000 |
Maybe you are interested!
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Developing human resources for Ho Chi Minh City's tourism industry in the period 2013-2020 - 2 -
Exploiting human tourism resources to develop tourism in Ho Chi Minh City - 29 -
Research on some solutions to improve the quality of human resources at Khanh An Preschool Education Equipment Production and Trading Company Limited - 1 -
Opportunities and Challenges of International and Regional Economic Integration for Vietnam's Foreign Trade
Source: HCM City Center for Natural Resources and Environment Forecasting
Based on the forecast of tourism industry's human resources and through research, the author proposes the following goals for developing tourism industry's human resources in the city:
3.2.3.1. General goals by 2030:
High-quality tourism human resources with good moral qualities, skills, expertise, and foreign languages according to the common standards of the ASEAN region, ensuring sufficient quantity with appropriate structure and ratio to meet the requirements of rapid and sustainable development, effective international integration, contributing to making tourism a spearhead economic sector.
3.2.3.2. Specific objectives:
The author proposes specific goals for tourism industry development in the city by 2030 in two phases as follows:
* Specific goals from now to 2023:
- 80% of tourism human resources working at tourism businesses are retrained according to VTOS standards.
- 50% of tourism human resources have foreign language skills to meet job requirements.
- Perfecting policies on tourism development.
* Specific goals from now to 2030:
- By 2030, 100% of tourism human resources will be trained and developed according to VTOS standards and other international standards; 50% will meet VTOS standards. The proportion of workers who are regularly trained and have their professional qualifications and skills improved will be about 30% - 35%. The proportion of human resources trained according to international standards will reach 10%.
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- 100% of the city's state tourism management staff are trained in state management, tourism expertise, foreign languages, information technology, and political theory according to job requirements.
- 100% of employees in positions requiring foreign languages know foreign languages at a minimum communication level.
- 85% of management staff in tourism businesses are trained and have in-depth knowledge of management and tourism to meet international standards.
- 100% of tourism training facilities have training programs that meet market and international requirements, have facilities and teaching equipment that meet training requirements; 100% of teachers and lecturers are standardized.
3.3. Groups of solutions for tourism industry development in Ho Chi Minh City in HNQT.
3.3.1. Group of solutions on innovation in thinking about tourism development and human resources:
- Renewing the awareness and thinking of leaders and managers about tourism development, specifically developing in a professional, modern, sustainable direction, developing tourism with responsibility to the environment and society, exploiting tourism resources effectively in conjunction with preserving cultural and historical values, heritage, relics, protecting the environment, protecting ecosystems, ensuring harmony of interests of the state, businesses and the community. In addition, it is necessary to recognize the importance of development according to planning and plans.
- Renewing the thinking on tourism human resource development in the direction of considering human resource development as one of the important factors, having decisive significance for the sustainable development of the industry, especially in the current international integration period, thereby having clear, specific, appropriate policies and investment solutions from the state commensurate with the development of the industry (like the lesson from Thailand). Changing some regulations to create a breakthrough in the quality of human resources such as regulations on the use of international degrees for foreign languages, building vocational schools that meet international standards, encouraging training institutions to invest, opening business establishments to serve the practice hours of the school.
3.3.2. Group of solutions on tourism industry's human resource development policy:
3.3.2.1. Develop tourism development plan and PTNNL strategy:
- Organize the establishment of Industry Development Plans and human resource development strategies for the industry to provide a comprehensive view for society, state management agencies, tourism career agencies, businesses, investors and people on the development orientation of the industry.
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What types of tourism businesses and industries will develop, where, and what types of workers are needed; what are the human resource goals for the coming time; orientations related to human resources... thereby attracting human resources to participate in the industry.
- Develop a strategy for tourism development, issue a local human resource development project to ensure forecasts of priority investment areas, encouraged business types, resources to be exploited and put into use... thereby determining the quantity, structure and quality of labor to serve as a basis for schools to adjust enrollment targets for each industry; serve as a basis for opening new training codes to suit the needs and attract human resources to participate in the industry.
- Establish a database for human resource forecasting. Supply and demand forecasting is the basis for training units to build training program objectives and content that are close to market needs, overcoming the situation of tourism graduates not being able to find jobs, while businesses are lacking labor. Therefore, it is necessary to build and develop a tourism labor market information system, linking supply and demand for human resource in the city. At the same time, state management agencies for tourism, training institutions, and businesses need to maintain a system of exchanging information on human resource to help training bring better results.
Every 3 years, it is necessary to organize surveys and collect information as a basis for evaluating the implementation results of policies and projects on tourism development and propose appropriate and effective solutions for tourism development in the city.
3.3.2.2. Perfecting the system of legal documents on labor in the tourism industry:
It is necessary to issue a set of Vietnamese occupational standards for each profession in the tourism sector. The content closely follows the Common Competency Standards for Tourism Professionals according to the ASEAN agreement and international occupational standards for tourism. In addition, it is necessary to study some occupations that are not included in the ASEAN occupational list but exist in our country and need to have standards to ensure service quality, and at the same time serve the purpose of training and retraining. It is also necessary to study some regulations on conditions for practicing in countries in the region in order to have a specific plan to improve the quality of human resources in the current competitive conditions.
- Amending and supplementing regulations on star rating standards for tourist accommodation establishments, closely following international standards. This is also a motivation for businesses to improve the quality of on-site human resources.
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- Consider adjusting training tasks between training systems5 appropriately. Because in reality, all three systems train tourism professions. In reality, the tourism industry lacks research experts, policy-making human resources... It is necessary to adjust in the direction that the university system mainly focuses on training tourism business management, researchers, policy-makers, product development, destination promotion to provide human resources for state management and tourism careers; vocational training should be left to colleges and intermediate schools.
3.3.2.3. Support policies to improve the quality of human resources:
- Support the development of facilities for training institutions (schools, academies, institutes, training centers); prioritize support for the development of practice equipment.
Currently, most schools are facing difficulties in investing in facilities due to limited funding for development investment, mainly depending on tuition fees, while tuition fees are subject to the tuition fee ceiling set by the Ministry of Education and Training (if the school has not been recognized by a competent authority as financially autonomous). Compared to other training sectors, practical facilities are mandatory for some occupations. Practical equipment is often expensive and is frequently replaced by new technology.
On the other hand, to increase the scale of training and have enough space to arrange practice rooms, schools need more land for construction. Currently, training facilities face many difficulties in land due to planning, difficulties in site clearance, complicated land allocation and construction procedures, taking a lot of time to implement. The city needs to plan land use for the system of research facilities and tourism schools in the city. There needs to be a policy to support investment capital through the stimulus program to support construction costs and purchase of practice equipment for schools. Encourage schools to establish businesses to create conditions for students to practice such as vocational practice centers, school hotels, etc.
- Issue policies to support training for small and micro enterprises and individual business households operating in tourism. Due to the nature of the industry, there are many micro-scale establishments with only 10 or so employees. The government needs to support them in training on basic knowledge related to the services they are providing, on communication skills, basic foreign languages, etc.
5 University, college, secondary school.