Lessons Learned From Community Tourism Development Models

Chot and sticky rice...; learn about customs and daily activities such as traditional festivals such as A rieu Car, A rieu Piing, A rieu A Da... Visitors will also experience the program " A day as a Pa Co village elder " at A Nor Ecotourism Village, Hong Kim commune, recreating the Wedding Ceremony, traditional Di Sim custom of the Pa Co people; experience the program "a day with the village " with activities such as: weaving, farming, exploiting doac wine, catching stream fish, cycling to visit the village; learn about the unique Deng weaving industry, with delicate patterns and motifs of the Ta Oi people; experience eco-tourism - resort, freely soak in the cool and clear A Nor Waterfall, Par Le stream, A Lin stream...; participate in folk games, community exchange campfire programs, promising to bring visitors many new experiences.

In recent years, with the potential and strengths of ecotourism, the People's Committee of A Luoi district has had many policies and strategies to promote the development of community tourism; issued plans to support the development of homestay tourism, plans to build traditional occupations combined with tourism development; issued regulations on coordinating the organization of activities at tourist attractions in the border area of A Luoi district and standardizing administrative procedures for domestic and foreign visitors when visiting tourist attractions in the border area in the district. In particular, thanks to the attention and direction of the Provincial People's Committee, the enthusiastic guidance in terms of profession and expertise of the Provincial Department of Tourism; the coordination between specialized agencies and related agencies in the development of community tourism, tourism infrastructure has been initially completed; Traditional tourism products are increasingly developing: That is, the support of the Mekong Tourism Development Project has expanded investment in tourism infrastructure at A Ka1 Community Guesthouse, A Roang Commune and A Hua, Nham Commune; the support of the Truong Son Xanh Project, the Asian Management and Development Institute AMDI and the Vietnam Community Tourism Association (VCTC) supports the community tourism model at A Nor Ecotourism Village, Hong Kim Commune with 03 homestays with many unique cultural experience programs of the Pa Co ethnic group; the support of the Department of Tourism, the College of Tourism and non-governmental organizations in opening training courses on responsible community tourism for people who do community tourism. Thereby, guiding the workforce with qualifications, communication skills with tourists, how to arrange and organize housing, and investment directions for business products

tourism products, how to organize and serve tourist groups... and at the same time organize groups to study and learn community tourism models in Hoa Binh, Son La and exchange experiences with a number of other localities. A Luoi district has also mobilized the strength of the whole society to participate in investing in developing the culture of ethnic minorities in the district. Restoring culture, production practices, arranging space to recreate production models, festivals, traditional craft villages of the ethnic group. At the same time, propagating and mobilizing people to implement the Plan to build traditional village spaces to ensure the traditional cultural identity of their ethnic group; creating space and restoring the display of traditional craft villages: weaving, Deng weaving...; Taking advantage of the available potentials and advantages to develop tourism products with the unique characteristics of each village, using natural materials: bamboo, rattan, wood according to traditional architecture. With the active participation in tourism activities of the local community, it has contributed to promoting the development of A Luoi tourism. Especially the type of community tourism, contributing to the conservation of tourism resources, human resources and traditional cultural values. People's awareness of tourism activities is increasingly raised, the number of people participating in tourism business activities is increasing, the quality of tourism is improved. In particular, in recent years, A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Province, together with the mountainous districts of Dong Giang, Tay Giang, Nam Giang (Quang Nam), has had many policies to cooperate in developing community tourism to create inter-regional connections, contributing to expanding and diversifying tourism products on the legendary Ho Chi Minh route.

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1.3.2. Lessons learned from community tourism development models

- Implement planning work well; establish zoning plans and detailed plans for community tourism sites to preserve house architecture, customs, cultural identity, and traditional occupations of indigenous people to exploit and develop tourism. Community tourism sites must be recognized and a Management Board established to issue Rules and Regulations to improve the efficiency of operations and management at community tourism sites as well as have regulations on profit sharing to ensure the common interests of the community.

- Develop and promulgate preferential policies to support investment in infrastructure and technical facilities serving tourism (public toilets, parking lots, minimum equipment to serve guests); create mechanisms for households and individuals of ethnic minorities to

People in villages with potential for tourism development can directly or indirectly participate in tourism service activities at community tourism sites.

- Diversify community tourism products and services based on local tourism resources such as: Accommodation services need to choose the type of housing suitable to the cultural identity and needs of guests; food and beverage services need to research deeply on the culinary culture of ethnic minorities to avoid repeating a few familiar dishes; must build ethnic cultural programs with their own identity; community tourism destinations need to research and build different experience programs.

- Improve training and human resource development. Business households must actively participate in training courses, improve professional knowledge, skills, communication skills, foreign languages, and explanations to improve service quality and communication; raise awareness in the community about preserving national cultural identity, protecting environmental resources for tourism development. Develop training programs that are adaptive, concise, appropriate, and effective for developing community-based tourism in rural areas, enhance discussion, group work, and hands-on practice. Poor people can participate in and benefit from tourism training programs. Community-based tourism training and education should focus on strengths and available resources in the locality. In addition to accommodation businesses, in the villages, people also participate in handicraft production, souvenir sales, transportation, and tourist guides, etc.

- Carry out tourism promotion well: Build electronic information pages, video clips, photo books, brochures, introduce community tourism destinations; organize Presstrip groups to write articles, film to introduce and promote community tourism products to domestic and international tourists.

- Strengthen propaganda, education and mobilization of people and tourists to raise awareness of environmental protection, preserving the traditional cultural identity of the locality, especially preserving the water environment at community tourism sites. Integrate funded programs such as new rural programs, poverty reduction support programs, non-governmental projects to have resources to support infrastructure, technical facilities, and vocational skills to promote community tourism development.

Chapter 1 Summary

Chapter 1 has presented an overview of the theoretical and practical basis for implementing community tourism development policies. Specifically, it has presented concepts related to the topic such as community tourism, community tourism development; especially emphasizing the content, criteria and factors affecting community tourism development. To meet the requirements of the thesis's research orientation from the perspective of public policy, in this chapter, the thesis has also applied the theory of public policy implementation to the implementation of community tourism development policies with the following basic steps: Step 1: Develop a policy implementation plan; Step 2: Disseminate and propagate the policy; Step 3: Assign and coordinate policy implementation: A policy is often implemented in a large area and many organizations participate, so there must be reasonable coordination and assignment to complete the task well; Step 4: Maintain the policy; Step 5: Adjust the policy; Step 6: Monitor, inspect, and urge the implementation of policies; Step 7: Evaluate and summarize lessons learned. In addition, this chapter also presents the experiences of some localities in implementing community tourism development policies (such as the Community Tourism Development Model in Doi village, Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province; Community Tourism Model in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province) and lessons learned from community tourism development models : Implement planning work well; establish zoning plans and detailed plans for community tourism destinations. Develop and promulgate preferential policies to support investment in infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism. Diversify community tourism products and services based on local tourism resources. Improve training and human resource development. Implement tourism promotion work well. Strengthen propaganda and education to mobilize people and tourists to raise awareness of environmental protection, preserve traditional cultural identity of the locality, especially preserve the water environment at community tourism sites.

CHAPTER 2

CURRENT STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN HOI AN CITY

2.1. Overview of natural, socio-economic conditions affecting the implementation of community tourism development policies in Hoi An city

2.1.1. Tourism resources and potential

Hoi An City belongs to Quang Nam Province, with a total natural area of 61.71 km2 , located on the North bank of the lower Thu Bon River; about 9 km east of National Highway 1A, 25 km southeast of Da Nang City, and about 50 km northeast of Tam Ky City. The mainland of the city has an area of 46.22 km2 ( accounting for 74.9% of the total natural area of the city). The core of Hoi An urban center is the wards of Minh An, Son Phong, and Cam Pho; including the Old Quarter of about 5 km2 , which has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage (December 4, 1999). 18 km from the mainland is the Cu Lao Cham island cluster with an area of 15.49 km2 (accounting for 25.1% of the total natural area of the city). Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An was recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage (May 26, 2009).

In addition to the advantage of being located near Chu Lai airport of Quang Nam and modern international airport of Da Nang, Hoi An also has a special advantage with its location on the "Central Cultural Heritage Road" including: Hoi An - My Son - Hue. This is considered a favorable objective condition that helps Hoi An attract a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The location adjacent to the East Sea and Cu Lao Cham island cluster - World Biosphere Reserve has given Hoi An more advantages in exploiting sea and island tourism. An Bang and Cua Dai beaches, about 3 km east of Hoi An ancient town center, are voted as one of the most beautiful beaches in the world. In particular, 7 km of Hoi An coastline is located on the "5-star" coastal road connecting from the south of Hai Van pass tunnel (Da Nang), along the Lien Chieu - Thuan Phuoc coastal belt, through Son Tra peninsula and down Non Nuoc beach to Hoi An ancient town. And in the near future will connect with the southern coastal areas along the Truong Giang River to Quang Ngai.

In addition, Hoi An is also located in a coastal urban chain of more than 500 km in the Central Coast region, which is an important basis for establishing and expanding economic links.

between localities in the region. The area surrounding Hoi An has been forming economic zones, duty-free ports, and new urban areas on a large scale. In the North, there is Chan May - Lang Co economic zone associated with the World Cultural Heritage of Hue Citadel, Da Nang city is being rapidly urbanized and plays a driving role in the region. In the South, there is Ky Ha port, Chu Lai open economic zone, Dung Quat industrial park. These economic zones and urban areas all have deep-water ports, convenient road and air traffic systems.

With its geographical location and inter-regional relations, Hoi An city is the center of the Northern dynamic cluster of the Eastern region of Quang Nam province, closely related to Da Nang city - both the largest urban area in the Central region and one of the major economic centers of the country; is the starting point of the Northern corridor in the development connection strategy of the Eastern region - Western region of Quang Nam province, together with Da Nang connecting the East and West along National Highway 14B through the Nam Giang border gate of the EWEC2 economic corridor and the Central Highlands economic region along the Ho Chi Minh road. Internally, Hoi An is located in the No. 1 Development Dynamic Cluster of Quang Nam, the intersection between the Northern Quang Nam Development Corridor (connecting the Eastern Quang Nam region with the Northwestern districts (Dong Giang, Nam Giang, Tay Giang) which are relatively rich in resources and raw materials) and the coastal strip of Quang Nam.

With the values of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, ecological and human resources, vibrant cultural - tourism activities, healthy - safe - friendly living environment... Hoi An has created a strong attraction for tourists to visit, scientists to research, artists to enjoy and create, investors to cooperate in business... With the tireless efforts of the entire political system and the majority of people in the determination to build a dynamic and sustainable ecological - cultural - tourist city, the image of Hoi An has become increasingly friendly and closer in the attention and affection of friends around the world.

2.1.2. Socio-economic situation and tourism activities

- Over the past five years (2015-2020), Hoi An City has focused on directing the synchronous implementation of support solutions, actively mobilizing all resources to invest in infrastructure development, creating a favorable investment environment to promote the development of industries and economic sectors. A number of socio-economic indicators have been achieved and exceeded.

The total production value (at 2010 comparative prices) on average in the 2016-2019 period increased sharply, reaching 15.6%/year. However, in the last year of the plan period, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and natural disasters, the total production value in 2020 only reached 4,801.5 billion VND, reaching 36% of the plan, leading to the average growth rate in the 2016-2020 period not reaching the target set by the Resolution.

Hoi An tourism industry continues to play a leading role in the economic structure. Programs, projects and plans for tourism development in localities have been implemented, contributing to exploiting the potential of eco-tourism and community tourism in localities. Tourism development space is spread across urban, rural, island and village areas; sightseeing, experience and discovery activities at destinations have been focused on linking with other types of accommodation and services. Policies to promote and stimulate tourism associated with programs and events in the province and internationally have been focused on and effectively implemented. A number of professional cultural and artistic programs and new tourism products have been put into operation; promoting the role of businesses participating in sustainable tourism development programs has brought about positive results. Every year, Hoi An is honored by international tourism organizations with many prestigious titles and awards. On average, in the period of 2016-2019, the total number of visitors to Hoi An increased by 26.5%/year (reaching 16.6 million, 2.8 times higher than the period of 2011-2015), the total number of visitors increased by 20.31%/year (reaching 6.1 million, up 64.86%), the total number of days visitors stayed increased by 19.3%/year (reaching 13.6 million days, up 58.14%); the scale of tourism economy reached 12.82 billion VND, an average increase of 23.47%/year. In 2020, due to the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic, the city's tourism and service activities were severely affected, the indicators of total number of visitors to Hoi An, total number of visitors staying and total number of days of visitors staying all decreased sharply, but the average for the whole period of 2016-2020 still met the targets set by the Resolution. The network of tourist accommodation establishments in the area over the past five years continued to grow rapidly in quantity and diversified in form. As of December 31, 2020, the whole city had 800 tourist accommodation establishments with 12,216 rooms, basically meeting market demand. Infrastructure serving tourism continued to receive investment attention, especially wharves, piers, rest stops and public toilet systems... The implementation of the Project "Sustainable development of Tan Hiep island commune on the basis of preserving and promoting the value of the World Biosphere Reserve" was carried out.

The Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An Biosphere Reserve Project in the period of 2017-2025 has achieved many good results. The management, conservation and promotion of the value of the biosphere reserve associated with the task of economic development have been gradually promoted.

- The tourism industry has grown quite well and continues to play a leading role in the local economic structure. The total production value of the whole industry is estimated at 8,563.6 billion VND, up 15.56% over the same period, exceeding the plan by 6.71%. Tourist situation in the period 2013 - 2017: The total number of visitors to Hoi An in 2013 was 1,629,725, in 2017 there were 3,309,214 (doubled), the average growth rate of 5 years (2013-2017) was 118.97%. Of which; International visitors: 2013 - 813,160 arrivals, 2017 - 1,966,694 arrivals (2.4 times increase), average growth rate of 5 years (2013-2017) 123.66%; Vietnamese visitors: 2013 - 816,565 arrivals, 2017 - 1,342,520 arrivals (1.64 times increase), average growth rate of 5 years (2013-2017) 113.64%. 2018: There were 4,550,000 arrivals, an increase of 76.84% over the same period; of which international visitors were 3,400,000 arrivals, an increase of 42.83% over the same period; Vietnamese visitors 1,150,000 arrivals, only reaching 98.06% over the same period. In 2019, Hoi An city welcomed 5,350,000 arrivals, up 5.24% over the same period, reaching 94.22% of the plan; of which, international visitors were 4 million, up 5.16% over the same period, reaching 94.25% of the plan. The total number of visitors buying tickets to visit the old town reached 2,498,230, up 4.09%. The total number of overnight visitors is estimated at 1,971,800, up 13.56% over the same period and reaching 97.61% of the plan. The average number of overnight visitors is estimated at 2.07 days. Tourism revenue is estimated at

5,300,000 million VND, up 7.91% over the same period and up 8.16% over the plan. In general, the main indicators of the industry all increased and exceeded the plan [44]

The above socio-economic conditions have created many favorable conditions for the tourism industry in general and community tourism in particular in Hoi An to develop strongly.

2.2. The implementation of community tourism development policy in Hoi An city in recent times

2.2.1. Purpose and requirements for implementing community tourism development policy in Hoi An city

The process of implementing the policy of developing community-based tourism in Hoi An city determines the purpose and requirement that the impact of the policy must be based on resources.

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