The common hardship of many women, not just hers. The passage also partly criticizes the indifference of men who often give themselves the right to enjoy life without ever thinking about doing household chores. As for the woman, she implicitly acknowledges that hardship is the common hardship of all women born into this world, so she accepts her fate. Detail: “ Taking my mother to the bus station, the bag's handle broke, her belongings were scattered on the street, the mother and daughter picked them up among the traffic lanes. She grumbled: Oh my god, why did you bring these things back? ” ( Belonging to Mom - Nguyen Ngoc Tu) is haunting and anxious. The words of the daughter to her mother when she was sent off to the bus station were in an annoyed tone even though she was born and lived in the countryside. Those were things that city people threw away, the mother tried to collect and bring back while they were very good things and were treasured by the country people. From ordinary things that people throw away, to her, they are still precious things to a country person like her. From old clothes, old newspapers to soap bars, bunches of radishes or expired MSG packages. The city considers them as trash, but the country people consider them as rare and expensive things. Therefore, life is never fair, but always has distance and discrimination between people.
In the system of details, many essay writers have used some descriptive details, pushing them up to become symbolic details. Symbolic details must first be images of specific objects, coming from life, having an intuitive nature and then through the author's artistic sense, placing it in many relationships of the entire work, so it has a general meaning. With careful and delicate observation, essay writers have also used many vivid symbolic details. The image of the loquat ( Loquat - the feeling of being away from home - Nguyen Ha) is a very ordinary fruit, the sour taste is often found in the villages of the North. Through the unique depiction of the author, it has become a symbolic memory for all those who live far from home. The family of a friend in the work had many children, half of his life he was wandering but still wrote letters to the North. In every letter he reminded, “If spring comes, try to bring some jujubes so the children can taste the sour and acrid taste of their homeland.” Even the mathematician Nguyen Cang, a native of the South, had to cry.
sobbing: “Oh my! What is the loquat that it can hurt us so much?” In fact, the author uses the loquat to talk about nostalgia and love for the homeland. The simple loquat becomes a symbol of nostalgia for the homeland of anyone far from home. Sometimes because of life, because of the burden of making a living, because of the burden of making a living, people have to leave their homeland, but there is one thing that everyone always yearns for, which is the homeland.
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The work "Oh, oh, dieu bong" by Nguyen Ngoc Tu has many details that leave a deep impression on the reader's mind: "The youngest son came home, lying down sadly, humming a song, feeling sorry for my younger sister, I found a dieu bong leaf, why did she rush to get married? It is not by chance that the poem, the song about that empty, colorful leaf is loved by people. It seems that everyone in life has once loved foolishly, believed in pure love, met vague promises, received vague, vague, absent-minded promises, and met with cruelty". It is not by chance that the image of the dieu bong leaf appears in the work, that is the author's artistic intention. The image of the father moving his hometown to a new settlement to make room for the industrial park that is about to be built. He believes and hopes that his children will have the opportunity to change their lives, have jobs, then they will have a salary and life will be less difficult. But that industrial park also has no place for poor children to go to school and work in the fields. Even if they try to finish high school, his children will not have the opportunity to find jobs. The detail of the diêu bông leaves appears as a symbol of changing beliefs and fragile hopes. The end of the work is the image of the father sitting in the shed with firewood from the old thatched house listening to the song with an indescribable sadness, as if he had been betrayed in the empty promises.
It can be seen that in many works, even the title is symbolic, such as the essay " A few crescent moons" by Nguyen Ngoc Tu. According to Buddhist tradition, documents all agree that Buddha was born on the full moon night of April, left home and entered nirvana on the full moon night of February, and attained enlightenment on the full moon night of December. That time frame is the starting point for a new ideology about the meaning of the truth of life, of liberation, and at the same time, the moonlight with its time frames also has aesthetic value. In terms of art, it can be said that the moonlight
The moon is a symbol of beauty. The moon is always an endless source of inspiration for the artist's heart to create a vivid and colorful world of art. However, in the work, it talks about the crescent moon, which means the moon is not full and complete. Although it is not full, it is still very beautiful and sparkling. The crescent moon symbolizes the image of a mentally handicapped girl but her spiritual life is very beautiful. Although she was scolded by her mother, she still smiled, washed clothes, and went to buy rice, and still gave her mother a special love.
In each of our lives, surely everyone is associated with the dreamy school years, associated with the beloved royal poinciana flower. Nguyen Nhat Anh brings the image of royal poinciana flowers that have long become a symbol of the beautiful school years: “When we were young, royal poinciana flowers reminded us of farewells to friends, farewells to teachers, farewells to first loves. But after all, those were still farewells in space, the opportunity to meet old people again, even though in different circumstances. But as the years passed, we gradually entered deeper into the adult world, royal poinciana flowers unintentionally reminded us of another sadder farewell: farewell to school years, farewell to the path of childhood, farewell to memories - a farewell that never had a chance to reunite” ( Love Royal Poinciana - Nguyen Nhat Anh). Perhaps royal poinciana flowers often bloom in the summer, the season when students have summer vacation and especially for final year students, it is also the season of separation. Royal poinciana flowers with their bright red color, simple and very beautiful, so this flower is always a symbol of school age. Writer Nguyen Nhat Anh expressed in his work that if he had a garden, he would choose to plant royal poinciana trees first: “I have always admired many beautiful flowers: beautiful and elegant roses, beautiful and solemn flowers, beautiful and radiant tulips… But I still love royal poinciana flowers the most. Because it is the flower associated with a dreamy school age” ( Love Royal Poinciana - Nguyen Nhat Anh).
Essays do not rely on characters but mainly on details and artistic words. Therefore, evocative artistic details and symbolic artistic details are the keys to success in the art of essays. It can be said that the weight
The detail helps the essay to be concise and succinct while still fully and deeply expressing the author's feelings and implications.
4.1.2. Free and flexible structure
Essays are a genre with a rather free and unrestrained writing style. Therefore, the structure of essays is not outside the characteristics of the genre. This makes readers feel that the essays are very scattered, arranged without order, messy, and without artistic organization. However, this "randomness" is the artistic intention of the artist, because in that rambling there is order and the artistry of literature. Depending on the artistic sense in each specific context as well as the way of expression, the author has chosen the structure of the work accordingly, making the work stand out with life as if it had a "spirit". Researchers call this "scattered form but gathered spirit". On the surface of the structure, the issues that essays write about are often "Southern sky and Northern land", "past and present times", "boundless and boundless", very scattered, people call it "scattered form", but in general, unified in theme, thought, emotion...
Essays basically do not have a plot, or if they do, they are mainly in essays that are developed in the direction of a mini short story. In which, the plot is an event, a certain detail, the author uses it as an excuse to express about life and society. Essays are not like novels or short stories that have a clear plot, arranged in spatial or temporal order, but mainly write about details and emotions that the writer observes and records. If the essay has a hint of plot elements, it is also loosened in the direction of vagueness to focus on characters and details.
In the essay Chi ghi mot noon vo tinh by Nguyen Ngoc Tu , right at the beginning of the work, the image of a woman "rushing through the door in the poor neighborhood of Nam Can" appears. The image of a hard-working woman, breastfeeding and smoking, somewhat dissatisfied with life when her young child was sexually abused by an old neighbor. She tells the story in a natural voice, perhaps she has told it many times and cried so much that her tears have dried up? She also does not need the compensation money from the neighbor, who is even poorer than her. During a session, she speaks in a
tormented even though tears did not fall. Then her poor, difficult and unfortunate life haunted the readers. That is an essay reflecting the reality of life today, with many moral degradation issues, about the unfortunate lives that still exist in society, and its echoes will haunt us forever.
Or just from a small incident, a mother understood more about her daughter who said she grew up on her own ( The Self-Growing Child - Da Ngan). She understood and justified that since she was little, she did not know how hard it was to grow up being breastfed and carried by her mother. And now her daughter is the same, perhaps she is like her because she is too young to understand the hardships of a mother taking care of her child. Then her daughter also got married and had a child. She saw the image of herself giving birth in a hut in the corner of the garden. From the fourth day she started working, her husband was afraid of his mother so he did not help with anything. She raised her child with great difficulty and hardship, but when her daughter grew up, she said she grew up on her own. She thought that later, when her daughter went through the stages of giving birth and raising a child, going through the vicissitudes of life, she would understand and empathize with the hardships of a mother. Even her granddaughter said that she grew up and her grandmother understood that when she grew up, got married and had children, she would understand her mother's hardships. Through the hardships of earning a living, through the sleepless nights looking after her child when he was sick or thirsty for milk... The incident was just that, but it also evoked many thoughts and concerns in the reader. That is the indifference of people, especially in contemporary society where there are so many complicated problems arising.
Accordingly, in the structure there is also an arrangement of events, not in chronological or spatial order. In essays, there are sometimes stories accidentally encountered in life at a certain time and space. Sometimes there are emotions that pass through the author's mind recorded at that moment, or a certain reality of life observed by the author. Essays focus on recording, narrating, describing people, things, events, and phenomena in life. Unlike in novels, the telling, narrating and describing in essays have many differences. Events are narrated by the writer in some important passages; characters are recorded with some typical characteristics and the scenery is
describe in some aspects. In the essay, the descriptive technique is thoroughly applied by the writer, the language is distilled to depict the state of the event, the character's demeanor, and the characteristics of the scene.
There are not many details and events in the essay, they are arranged in a certain arbitrary order. For example, the work " A Dream Once" by Da Ngan talks about the dream of a poor woman, but the beginning of the work does not directly mention the dream but talks about the event of her death: "She passed away in a dilapidated thatched house when life was too poor, next to her old husband and eight school-age children". After that, the work talks about her dream which is not noble, but very simple, which is to go on a ferry once, but in her whole life she does not have enough money to fulfill that simple dream. Finally, the end of the work is the author's thoughts. There are few events, not many details, but the work helps readers understand the difficult life of the people in the years after the war.
In the essay Drilling concrete cutting by Da Ngan, from beginning to end, it is only the event of the walls in Hanoi being ragged with traces of advertisements and phone numbers of SIM cards displayed like trash. Everywhere you look, you see brick-shaped stamps overlapping each other, everywhere, dirty and numerous. The authorities and local police think it is not their duty, the neighborhood committee is too small, the environmental police have not been established yet… Through that, we see the people's arbitrariness towards the living environment.
The narrative voice in the essay mainly uses the first person "I". The direct narrator is a witness who records events, problems of life, or true emotions ( Remember, please cool down for me - Nguyen Ngoc Tu). In the work, the character "I" expresses sympathy for the sister whose husband is having an affair. The heartbreaking feelings of the character "I" in the situation of a mother whose young child is sexually abused ( Just record an unintentional noon - Nguyen Ngoc Tu). The mood of the character "I" when he is constantly chasing after the virtual world, the world of technology, forgetting his feelings for his mother ( Mom, I and... - Nguyen Ngoc Tu). Especially when writing about emotions in love, Ham Let Truong
carries all the ranges of emotions conveyed through the character I. That is the feeling when encountering sincere love but unfortunately that love only passes by in the essay There is an afternoon you passed by me . That is the torment, the torment when people still confuse love and other emotions in the essay Interview with a runaway groom . It can be seen that in the essay, using the first person narrative is appropriate because it is a way to convey the author's thoughts and emotions without having to hide or conceal in the narrative.
It is the creativity of the ego, the freedom and unrestrainedness of the genre structure that has helped the pen of the essay writer boldly and openly reflect reality. Therefore, the team of essay writers is increasing day by day, at all different levels can write essays. However, to make essays successful, to become true literature is still a big challenge for writers.
4.2. Language in Vietnamese prose from 1986 to present
The language of a literary work is an artistic phenomenon created by the writer, and the function of artistic language is to create aesthetic objects, create artistic reality, create the linguistic image itself, forms of words, poems, etc. The language is essentially a form of natural language that has been processed by the artist, turning it into a means of artistic expression. In other words, the writer organizes the work according to the artistic rules of content, style, genre, techniques, etc. to satisfy the need for artistic communication. In prose, artistic language is one of the factors that express the talent, style, and creative personality of the artist, and it determines the success of the work. In terms of language, prose after 1986 uses many linguistic styles, such as: colloquial and dialectal language; news and journalistic language; political language and network language.
4.2.1. Language with strong colloquial and dialectal characteristics
Colloquial language is the words used in daily communication, natural, lively, rich in expressive emotions, and less polished. Colloquial words often use pronouns, slang, and local language (dialect).
It can be said that the "verbal" quality is the most prominent feature of Nguyen Quang Lap's prose. It is the innovative and creative writing style of Nguyen Quang Lap compared to previous and contemporary writers, it renews the prose language for modern Vietnamese literature. The content in Nguyen Quang Lap's prose is conveyed in a casual, even somewhat vulgar language. Perhaps that is why Nguyen Quang Lap's prose, although not picky about readers, not all readers are ready to sympathize with his writing. Moreover, the language of Binh Tri Thien region is displayed by him as a genuine specialty. Under Nguyen Quang Lap's pen, Cu Dom, the heartless scoundrel, is described in the true colloquial and living voice: "Brother Dom said, 'Go into the Bat cave , eat all the food you brought, then go home .' He waved his arms and legs, saying, 'Never before have I eaten so much , riding a horse for six days with a full meal , extremely happy.'" He threw back his head and laughed he he” ( The Love Story of Cu Dom - Broken Memories 2 ). Some people think that Nguyen Quang Lap's oral style is very vulgar, and his words do not lack a sense of fertility. However, we see that, although somewhat bold and "vulgar", Nguyen Quang Lap's writing is very clear, strong, close and natural. He once frankly shared: "I am applying oral style. I am determined not to abandon or replace the words that life inherently has. It is normal for some readers to be scornful, critical, and even scolding. That is just a habit of reading culture. In the past, our ancestors abandoned parallel prose for free prose and were also opposed, considered uncultured and vulgar. In China during Lu Xun's time, anyone who wrote vernacular prose was immediately scorned. Now vernacular prose is very popular in this country." Until now, he still maintains that writing style, still a satirical, humorous Nguyen Quang Lap, with a colloquial style through a series of works.
Nguyen Nhat Anh's prose also left a unique mark on readers. The work " Old School " uses informal forms of address to talk about the habit of class reunions of people living far away from home. It is an opportunity for everyone to sit together and reminisce about old stories from high school: "Wow, this guy was really naughty back then", " That guy A was always ordered around by girl B ", "Oh, when boy A came to girl B's house to play, girl B told him to clean up dog shit ".