Farm Development Results of Yen Dinh District, Thanh Hoa Province

Currently, in the process of building new rural areas, restructuring the agricultural sector, exploiting the economic potential of farms for development requirements is becoming an urgent issue, especially in localities with a large number of farms such as Yen Dinh district. In the available conditions of the locality, there should be specific policies to exploit and effectively use land, capital, technology... to create more jobs and increase income, encourage people to get rich while eliminating hunger and reducing poverty.

The potential of Yen Dinh district is land, so the development of farm economy in the district needs to promote this potential, it is necessary to build concentrated farm areas such as livestock farms, aquaculture farms...

Table 2.4: Statistics of farm types in Yen Dinh district in 2017-2019

Source: Statistical data - Economic Department - Yen Dinh District, 2017 - 2019

Depending on the conditions of each region, Yen Dinh needs to have specific directions for farm owners to choose suitable models to promote the efficiency and sustainability of the farm in its objective conditions. The production efficiency of farms does not entirely depend on the scale of land and the scale of the farm, but depends largely on the quality of products and the level of technology.

There must be policies to link the development of the farm economy with the processing industry and on-site services. This is a valuable lesson. In many countries, the development of the farm economy often goes hand in hand with specialization in a few specific crops and livestock and the formation of large concentrated specialized areas. Processing industry and services for the farm economy are extremely important conditions to promote effective farm development.

Developing cooperative economic forms and linking farms is an inevitable requirement to support and promote the development of farm economy. In some countries, cooperatives are formed on a completely voluntary basis, as organizations connecting and linking farms in the process from production to consumption of products.

Every year, the District People's Committee allocates a budget for agricultural extension to build models for transferring technical advances and organize training courses according to the annual plan. In addition, household owners can also participate in training courses on care techniques and disease prevention for some crops and livestock according to programs and projects of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Thanh Hoa province.

Some farm owners have boldly invested in science and technology, factories, machinery and equipment in production, especially livestock farms, to limit risks in production and bring high profits. They have proactively applied scientific advances in new plants and breeds into production. There has been a connection between farm owners and some companies in the production and consumption of products, especially the consumption of livestock products, such as the connection between livestock households.

In addition to the project areas, many communes have converted rice fields or ineffective cropland to grow flowers, vegetables, bananas and some other valuable plants according to planning and plans to increase income value per unit of cultivated area. Thanks to that, the farm economy in Yen Dinh district has developed in recent times.

The scale, structure and type of production, crop and livestock productivity, production results, product value and services have all increased, farm income and workers' living standards have improved significantly. Thereby, it has actively contributed to the process of transforming the agricultural production structure, shifting the crop and livestock structure towards commodity production associated with the consumption market. In addition, it has also contributed to promoting more effective land use. Farms have actively reclaimed water surface land, contracted land and put it into production, bringing economic, social and environmental efficiency to the locality. In addition, it has contributed to exploiting and mobilizing significant capital from the people to invest in production development, contributing to creating jobs and increasing income for local rural workers.

Over the years, Yen Dinh district has always paid attention to directing the promotion of farm economic development. In order to develop farms in terms of both production scale and product value, create jobs for workers, and maximize the use of existing land in the district. Although the scale and efficiency are different, most farms have initially used land effectively, gradually reducing the area of ​​vacant land, water surface, and lakes. Accelerating the greening rate, contributing to regulating the climate of the region and improving the ecological environment.

2.2. Assessment of the current status of farm economic development in Yen Dinh district, Thanh Hoa province

As we know, since 2000, many policies on rural agricultural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization have been issued, creating many conditions for the development of farm economy, such as: Resolution of the 9th Central Committee on promoting industrialization and modernization of rural agriculture in the period 2001 - 2010; Resolution 28 of the 9th Politburo in 2003) on continuing to reorganize, innovate and develop state-owned agricultural and forestry farms and the 2013 Land Law. On April 13, 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development issued Circular 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT regulating the criteria and procedures for granting farm economic certificates.

In recent years, the Government has issued many specific policies to promote and support the farm economy, including some main policies as follows: Farm Certification Policy, Credit Policy, Land Policy

land, science and technology policies, human resource training policies and other support policies.

2.2.1. Current status of planning for development of farm types

According to the Report on the economic development of farms in Yen Dinh district in 2019 by the Economic Department of Yen Dinh district; there are 358 farms in the district. Of which:

+ Crop farms: 9 (2.00%)

+ Livestock farms: 99 (27.56%)

+ Aquaculture farms: 26 (7.39%)

+ General farms: 224 (63.54%)

Table 2.5. Number of farms in Yen Dinh district in the period 2017-2019

Number (Farm)

Source: Statistical data - Economic Department - Yen Dinh District, 2017 - 2019

In the period of 2017 - 2019, the number of farms in Yen Dinh district was relatively stable, mainly due to the shift in farm production types based on the criteria for determining farm types in Circular No. 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT dated April 13, 2011 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Some farms have diversified their product structure to become comprehensive farms to meet market demand.

Besides, another highlight of the economic development of Yen Dinh district farms in the period of 2017 - 2019 is the instability in business direction, expressed in the strong fluctuations in the proportion of farm types.

This situation is due to the seasonal nature of agricultural production, which is greatly affected by the weather. Most farms cannot predict the fluctuations of market prices, cannot determine the price during the harvest season, and diseases often occur in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. On the other hand, because local authorities do not have detailed development plans and do not have long-term farm economic development orientations, the business orientation of farms still faces many difficulties.

Table 2.6: Farm distribution in Yen Dinh district in the period 2017-2019

STT

Source: Statistical data - Economic Department - Yen Dinh District, 2017 - 2019

According to the table, we can see that the percentage of farms distributed by locality each year does not change too much, proving that farm development in Yen Dinh district does not fluctuate, but develops evenly over the years.

Based on the above data table, we can see that farms are mainly concentrated in some communes such as Dinh Tang (7.82%), Dinh Hoa (12.84%), Quy Loc (16.76%).

Yen Phu, Yen Giang. In which, Quy Loc commune is a locality with a stable number of farms (60 farms). These are almost all communes located in the district's agricultural production planning area. In addition, the local government has initially developed policies and regulations, creating conditions for farms to enjoy state and provincial policies to invest in farm development. Especially in Quy Loc commune, the commune government has an open mechanism, supporting farm owners to develop detailed production plans, and farms have enjoyed land policies for land allocation and land lease for farms (by the end of 2019, 45/63 farm households were granted land use right certificates).

Some communes have little farm development, such as Dinh Lien (1.96%), Yen Ninh (0.56%). Both of these communes are not included in the district's agricultural production development plan, so farms are almost not developed here.

The increase in the number of farms in the district is slow compared to the district's advantage as an agricultural district with a very high proportion of agricultural land and the consolidation of land plots has been completed in communes and towns. The reason is that the transfer and lease of land by households and local authorities is still low, the land rental price is still high and there is no conversion planning in some ineffective cultivated land areas, so households are not encouraged to boldly invest in converting the model from household production to farms.

The situation of granting farm economic certificates in Yen Dinh district is implemented according to Circular 27 dated April 13, 2017 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development stipulating the criteria and granting of farm economic certificates. Accordingly, tasks will be assigned to each level. People's Committees of provinces and centrally run cities are responsible for directing and organizing the implementation of this circular. District People's Committees are responsible for granting new, renewing, and revoking farm economic certificates in the district. Commune People's Committees are responsible for guiding the granting of new, renewing, and re-granting farm economic certificates to households and individuals in need, receiving applications for granting, renewing farm economic certificates, and monitoring the production situation of farms in the commune.

However, although the farm land area has been assigned long-term use rights to the farm owner and there has been support from the district, there are still farms that have not been granted farm certificates. The reason is partly because the local authorities and some farm owners have not yet realized the importance of the legal status of the farm, so they have not paid attention to applying for farm certificates.

According to the survey of interviewed farm owners, the majority of the farms said that the policy of granting land use right certificates was implemented slowly, the farm owners said that this policy was unclear and the procedures were cumbersome. Through this, we see that the policy of granting farm certificates at the local level is still implemented slowly, and the policy is still unclear, so many farms do not have farm certificates. This shows that the authorities at all levels should make reasonable adjustments to the implementation and enforcement of the policy more clearly so that farms can operate effectively.

2.2.2. Current status of land use policy for farm economic development

Land is the first prerequisite resource needed to conduct agricultural production and is also one of the first factors to form and develop farm economy. Farms in Yen Dinh district are mainly in the plains and midlands, with quite favorable natural conditions, land area suitable for growing annual crops, short-term industrial crops, livestock, and aquaculture.

The total farm land area in 2019 of Yen Dinh district is 3,063,969 m2

increased by 651,890 m2 compared to 2017. In general, along with the development of farm economy in the district, the farm land area also gradually increased.

2018 increased by 474,419 m2 compared to 2017 due to the presence of many collective farms.

and newly established aquaculture farms. In 2019, there was an increase of 497,900 m2 compared to 2018. During this period, although there were not many newly established farms, because in 2018, the farms were profitable, so farm owners proactively rented more land and contracted public land to expand the production area. On the other hand, due to the implementation of the State's land use policy, it also created favorable conditions.