- Create stable income through forest protection and development, planting agricultural and forestry trees on areas that would otherwise be fallow and inefficient.
- After 10 years, the planted forest area increased by more than 4,000 hectares.
- People's lives have improved significantly. The average profit from afforestation has doubled after 10 years. The number of jobs created from afforestation, forest care, forest protection and seedling creation is:
Labor demand
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Total labor demand for model conversion is 5,763 workers.
- Forest restoration: 403 workers.
- Building forest planting models with an area of 4,416 hectares requires 3,840 workers.
- Planting new fruit trees: 286 hectares need 258 workers
- Planting new elephant grass on an area of 2,713 hectares requires 257 workers
- Forest protection: 875 workers.
- Indirect labor: 130 workers.
4.6.3. Environmental efficiency
- Increase forest cover to 51.6% (current status 28.3%), stable protection and special-use forest area increased by 9,619 hectares with native tree species.
multi-purpose, both protective and economically beneficial to local people.
- Land resources are protected, erosion, degradation and desertification are reduced. Gradually limit and end the situation of slash-and-burn farming causing forest fires. In particular, protective forests are formed on high, steep, and difficult-to-access land areas, contributing to the construction and protection of forests in upstream areas, gradually solving the situation of crop rotation.
- With the increased forest area (both protective and production forests), it contributes to regulating water resources for all communes in the district, gradually ending the current situation of water scarcity for production and daily life.
4.6.4. On national security and defense
After 10 years, people's lives have been stable economically, their intellectual level has been raised, creating the basis for political stability, maintaining social order and security, strengthening the defense potential of the district and province, and maintaining national sovereignty for the border area of the homeland.
4.7. Implementation solution
4.7.1. Organizational solutions
+ The Provincial People's Committee assigns the Departments to implement and regularly monitor and manage investment projects on schedule and according to set goals.
+ The Department of Agriculture and Rural Development is responsible for coordinating with relevant sectors such as the Department of Finance, Planning and Investment, Treasury, and Bank, responsible for developing plans and managing State investment capital, implementing them in accordance with the plan and reporting to the Provincial People's Committee.
+ The District People's Committee is responsible for presiding over the implementation of the planning scheme, directing the implementation on schedule and targets, ensuring that support funds and food reach the right subjects. In which, the Department of Agriculture and the Yen Minh District Forest Protection Management Board are the main players, regularly monitoring,
Evaluate the implementation of the plan and promptly propose to supplement and adjust the plan when necessary to suit reality.
+ Commune-level officials are the direct managers of the people, ensuring the connection between the District People's Committee and the people, promptly reflecting the project implementation situation.
+ Organize the formation of a system of popularization cadres, this is the core of agricultural and forestry extension work, the driving force for the success of the projects.
invest.
4.7.2. Policy solutions
* State support policy
- The State invests in direct support for the people, an average of 5.7 million
VND/ha of forest plantation depends on each tree species (both protective forest and fruit trees).
- The State invests in supporting people to participate in converting farming methods (from slash-and-burn to forest or high-value agricultural and industrial crops) while waiting for products to improve the protective capacity of each hectare of forest, not to mention about 200 kg of food for each household.
family in category 134 of the Government.
Support people 2 million VND/ha for planting production forests according to the decision.
Decree 210/2006/QD-TTg dated September 12, 2006).
- The protective role of production forests is also very large, however, investment in production forest planting in the past has been limited. According to Report No. 78/TTr-BKH dated January 5, 2007 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, it is proposed to support production forest planting from 1.5 - 4 million VND/ha depending on difficult conditions. With the natural conditions of Yen Minh district, it is proposed that the state support production forest planting with an average of 3 million VND/ha.
- Support people with 1 million VND when they plant perennial trees and fruit trees according to Decision No. 170/2005/QD-TTg, dated July 8, 2005.
- The State invests capital for people to plant forests and trees of high economic value in the first business cycle for planting trees in areas with high slopes and high altitudes, difficult to access, and difficult to generate profits (planting protective forests combined with non-timber forest products).
- Because people do not have capital and collateral, the state needs to direct banks to lend capital to people in the form of credit in the first business cycle.
- To ensure stable output and encourage investors to build agricultural and forestry processing facilities in mountainous areas. The State needs to support forestry processing enterprises with transportation costs in the first 5 years of operation.
1,000/ton/km according to Decision 210/2006/QD-TTg dated September 12, 2006.
- For forest fire prevention boundary lines combined with transportation and protection roads: According to the plan, each hectare needs 10 - 15 m of road, so the government is requested to support investment of 20 million VND/km. Previously, this road system was included in the cost of forest planting. However, in this policy, the level of support for forest planting is very low and is mainly implemented directly by households, so the forest fire prevention boundary line system needs to be supported to serve the entire forest planting area of the community to avoid forest fires (According to the report No. 78/TTr-BKH dated January 5, 2007 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment).
4.7.3. Solutions on science and technology application
- Applying advanced scientific and technological achievements, especially biotechnology in the process of crossbreeding to produce fast-growing plant varieties with high economic value (such as tissue, cuttings, grafting...), suitable to the natural conditions of the region, achieving high efficiency in both protection and economy.
- Import some high-yield plant varieties for planting.
have been domesticated such as tea, sugarcane, fruit trees, agricultural and forestry plants... Research on seed production from some native tree species that are both economically valuable and ensure protective functions for use in forest planting.
- Promote agricultural and forestry extension work, organize technical training courses and visit highly effective production models so that scientific and technical advances can quickly reach people directly involved in agricultural and forestry development processes.
4.7.4. Benefit policy
Pursuant to Decision 178/2001/QD-TTg dated January 12, 2001 of the Prime Minister on the rights and obligations of households and individuals assigned, leased, or contracted forests and forestry land.
For households receiving forest planting:
- Enjoy all products made
- Funding for forest planting investment is provided according to design and estimate, not support funding. Perennial agricultural and forestry trees are allowed to be used as main crops or intercropped with native trees according to approved designs.
- Exploitation of supporting trees, intercropping trees, thinning and harvesting, wood utilization, and exploitation of non-timber forest products is allowed. When the forest meets protection standards and the main crop meets exploitation standards, exploitation is allowed but must ensure that the canopy cover of the forest after exploitation is greater than 0.6.
- Forest planters must be responsible for replanting forests after exploitation, the replanting period must not exceed 1 year.
- In case of ensuring sustainable forest management and forest business, people will gradually exploit forest products (exploitation intensity not exceeding 30%), even in protected forest areas.
Chapter 5
Conclusion, problems and recommendations
5.1. Conclusion
Evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural and forestry production models in the rocky mountains of Yen Minh district as a basis for planning agricultural and forestry land use in the district is a necessary task, an important document in orienting and investing for people in the highlands to produce agricultural and forestry products, plant protective forests, produce or plant species with higher value than traditional species, in order to stabilize life. Thereby reducing the area of bare hills and ineffective production by planting species of trees with economic value, protecting the environment.
Forest cover increased, gradually overcoming water scarcity in the rocky mountainous area.
Solving the problem of creating jobs for thousands of idle workers, reducing the rate of poor households, contributing to stabilizing life. When the forest develops, it will be a green corridor to maintain national sovereignty and security and order on the border corridor.
To ensure a stable and long-term life for people in mountainous and highland areas where protection requirements are high, it is only possible through afforestation combined with forestry and agriculture with multi-purpose tree species that can provide forest products for a long time and every year.
People have access to advanced production techniques to produce,
bring high efficiency in the same unit area and working time.
Creating concentrated production areas for agricultural and forestry crops of a commodity nature, creating conditions for the development of other economic sectors such as livestock, processing, services...
When planning land use for agricultural and forestry production, production areas for 3 types of forests (protection, production and special use) were arranged, and operational plans for the stages of forest protection, afforestation and forest restoration were developed. At the same time, goals, tasks and solutions were identified to reasonably and effectively use bare hill land for production.
Agricultural and forestry exports contribute to the success of the Greening Program
National barren hills.
5.2. Existence
Due to limitations in time and capacity, the thesis still has the following limitations and shortcomings:
- There has been no investigation or evaluation of agricultural and forestry production models in other provinces to compare and evaluate comprehensively as well as propose more effective production models.
- The assessment of environmental efficiency of production and business models only stops at observation and qualitative.
5.3. Recommendations
- Propose that the state has a policy to support people in the mountainous highlands to produce agricultural, forestry and food models while waiting for products in the first production cycle.
- The State has preferential policies in lending capital so that people in the highlands can have capital for production.
- There needs to be specific land use planning for each commune in the district.
Provincial and district planning orientation.
- There needs to be synchronous attention from all levels and sectors in the implementation.
invest at the right time, right plan
- Strengthen agricultural and forestry extension work and propaganda so that people can properly implement planting techniques, and at the same time identify the task of building, protecting and developing upstream protection forests.
- Research and test other effective plant species for widespread dissemination.
- Have policies to encourage individuals, groups, and investors to come
invest in production and processing of agricultural and forestry products.
- In combination with projects, the state gives more priority and invests in infrastructure for mountainous border districts with difficult travel to create conditions for development.