Current Status of Sustainable Tourism Development (Responsible Tourism, Environmentally Friendly Tourism

Approved with an area of 3,710 hectares according to Decision 222/QD-UBND dated January 24, 2007, cited in BTGTUNB, 2013.

Planning of Gia Thanh commune tourist service area, Gia Vien district with an area of 13.3 hectares according to Decision 533/QD-UBND dated May 31, 2001, cited in BGTTUNB, 2013.

The master plan for the Kenh Ga - Dong Van Trinh hot spring tourist area is currently in the process of adjustment and completion.

- Regarding infrastructure investment: Invested in roads to the relic site, dikes surrounding the wetland, 1 parking lot, 1 toilet, dredged 1 waterway tourist route. There are 26 organizations and individuals investing in services with a total capital of 1,597,645,000 VND. Including 1 4-star resort with 175 rooms, restoring two important relics, Thung Lau and Thung La.

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* Tam Diep Town - Tam Diep Bien Son Defense Line

- Regarding tourism planning: This space has been completed by Tam Diep Town People's Committee.

- Regarding infrastructure investment: Currently, there are 19 organizations, individuals and enterprises investing in tourism business, with a capital of 1,829,573 billion VND.

* Yen Thang Lake - Dong Thai Lake - Ma Tien Cave

- Regarding tourism planning: Currently approved

. Development planning of 54-hole Yen Thang Lake Golf Course - Decision 2077/QD-UBND dated November 13, 2008, cited in BTGTUNB, 2013.

. Dong Thai Lake tourism planning with an area of 2,118 hectares according to Decision 337/QD-UBND dated December 31, 2004, cited in BGTTUNB, 2013.

- Regarding infrastructure investment: Currently, there is 1 organization or individual investing in business with a total capital of 808.81 billion VND.

* Phat Diem Stone Church and Kim Son coastal area

- Regarding tourism planning: Researched and planned in 2012. With tourism products such as: visiting Phat Diem stone church; visiting craft villages, coastal landscapes. Exploitation direction: Cultural and religious tourism, sightseeing and research tourism; eco-tourism; sea tourism.

- Regarding infrastructure investment: Basically completed investment in the main road system of National Highway 10 from Ninh Binh city to Phat Diem stone church and Road 408B from Tam Diep town to Con Thoi market and Binh Minh III dike.

* Cuc Phuong - Ky Phu - Dong Chuong Lake

- Regarding tourism planning: There is currently no planning for this space. In order to exploit the development potential of this space, the province has approved an area of 401.39 hectares according to Decision 53/QD-UBND dated January 14, 2011.

- Regarding infrastructure investment: Currently, there are 22 organizations and individuals investing in tourism business with a total capital of 1,975,755 billion VND.

Third time: Based on the study of " Master plan for tourism development in the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast to 2020, vision to 2030 "; Current status of tourism development and other related sectors in the period 2010 - 2017; development orientation to 2025, vision to 2030, Ninh Binh builds "Master plan for tourism development in Ninh Binh province to 2025, vision to 2030", focusing on completing detailed planning of tourist areas, at the same time strictly managing and seriously implementing tourism development planning after approval. Through the implementation of planning, infrastructure, technical facilities serving tourism are invested in construction, upgrading, creating conditions for tourism development - clearly demonstrating the association of tourism development planning with environmental protection planning.

Through the planning of tourism development associated with ecological environmental protection planning, contributing to the environmental protection in Ninh Binh province:

One is about water resources.

* Surface water environment: In Ninh Binh province, there are 39 large and small lakes, nearly 1,000km of rivers and streams and artificial canal systems such as Day River, Hoang Long River, Van River, Vac River, Lang River, An River... This is a large surface water source serving agriculture, industry, tourism and domestic water supply.

However, the water environment has shown signs of local pollution in some areas such as Non Nuoc bridge - Ninh Binh city; Day river, Doc Bo ferry section, Yen Khanh district...; inner-city lakes of Ninh Binh city (Lam Nghiep lake,

Bien Bach); surface water in the area of Yen Ninh rice paper and vermicelli processing village, Yen Khanh district; Gian Khau industrial park... Due to the low awareness of rural people about environmental protection, the situation of littering and wastewater into ponds, lakes, and canals has increased surface water pollution.

- Groundwater: In Ninh Binh province, there are 5 underground water levels including:

- Upper Holocene porous aquifer, Thai Binh formation (QVI 3 tb)

- Lower Holocene porous aquifer, lower Hai Hung sub-formation (QVI 1-2 hh 1 )

- Pleistocene porous aquifer, Hanoi formation (QII -III 1 hn)

- Pliocene sedimentary fissure and pore aquifer, Vinh Bao formation (N 2 vb);

- Fissured aquifer, karst of middle Triassic carbonate formations, system

Dong Giao floor (T 2 ađg);

Among the 5 aquifers, the one with the most exploitation value is the Pleistocene aquifer and the Hanoi aquifer, which is the main source of clean water for people's daily life today.

Water quality varies in different areas. The closer to the sea, the higher the level of mineralization, the water becomes brackish and salty - brackish. Areas on the western and northwestern edges of Yen Khanh district have better water quality in this aquifer than other areas. Due to its direct relationship with surface water, the upper Holocene aquifer is at high risk of pollution by waste, sanitary works... seeping down from the surface. Especially in areas with tourism activities, tourist service establishments treat wastewater using mechanical settling tank technology, then seep into the ground, causing a high risk of pollution to groundwater. Currently, Holocene water sources are still often exploited for people's daily life... In areas with special difficulties in groundwater resources, this water source is used for both drinking and eating when rainwater sources are exhausted.

- Coastal marine environment

The quality of coastal seawater environment in Kim Son district is strongly affected by the water source of the Day River, the risk of pollution by the Day River water is very high.

because it receives the entire wastewater flow of the provinces in the Nhue - Day river basin: Hanoi, Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh and discharges into the sea through the Day estuary. The salinity also varies strongly according to the water flow of the Day river: high salinity in the dry season and low in the rainy season.

According to the analysis results of coastal seawater quality, the Fe content at all measuring points is 1.1-6.4 times higher than the technical standards. The pH, TSS, turbidity indicators are within the technical standards.

* Waste water

The total amount of industrial wastewater in Ninh Binh province is estimated at about 7,144m3 / day. Wastewater is mainly concentrated in the following industries: construction materials production, fertilizer, livestock, agricultural and food processing, soft drinks... and has different concentrations of pollutants.

The total amount of domestic wastewater generated in the province is estimated at about 90,000m3 / day. Currently, most of the domestic wastewater from service establishments and households is preliminarily treated through septic tanks and discharged into the environment. The characteristics of domestic wastewater are high BOD5 content and nitrogen-containing organic compounds, containing many coliforms, bacteria and pathogens.

Second, about the air environment.

* Air environment in Ninh Binh city area

The air quality in the city has been significantly improved, with no more manual lime burning in residential areas. However, there are still some potential sources of air pollution such as Ninh Binh thermal power plant; coal port and coal slag dump; construction activities of houses and roads; means of transport, especially vehicles carrying soil, rocks, and construction materials; activities of craft villages; emissions from air conditioning systems, etc. Therefore, air pollution in Ninh Binh city is still at a high level.

- The northeastern area of the city (Thanh Binh ward, Bich Dao ward, Dong Thanh ward, Van Giang ward) is polluted by dust due to the impact of production facilities and transportation activities.

- The Southeast area of the city (Ninh Phong ward, Ninh Son ward, Ninh Phuc commune) has dust pollution due to cargo transportation activities of Ninh Phuc port and Vung Tram traffic intersection.

- Western area of the city (Ninh Nhat commune, Ninh Tien commune): not affected yet

active, the air environment is still fresh.

- The Northwest area of the city (Ninh Khanh ward, Tan Thanh ward, Phuc Thanh ward and Nam Thanh ward) has pollution due to dust, noise from traffic activities, falling rocks and soil...

* Rural air environment

The air environment in rural areas of the province has not been much affected by industrial activities, only locally polluted in some areas with industrial factories and livestock farms.

- Air pollution due to industrial activities: In rural areas, industry and handicrafts are developing, mainly construction material production facilities, agricultural processing, and mineral exploitation. This is also the main factor causing the rural air environment to show signs of pollution by dust and CO, CO2 , NOx .

- Air pollution due to traffic activities: Area

Rural areas have inter-district and inter-commune roads, so the number of vehicles passing through the area every day is also relatively large, which is the source of noise pollution, dust and toxic gases NOx, SO2 , CO... In addition, rural infrastructure construction activities are also the cause of local environmental pollution for residential areas along traffic routes.

- Air pollution from livestock farm activities: Because livestock farming is often located in residential areas and environmental protection solutions are not guaranteed, it has significantly affected the air quality, especially causing bad odors that pollute the air environment for surrounding residential areas.

* About soil environment and waste First, about soil environment

The soil environment in Ninh Binh province is generally not polluted. However, due to poor waste management (garbage, wastewater), the abuse of fertilizers and pesticides is still common in agricultural production, which has negatively impacted the soil environment.

Regarding the current status of land use: Agricultural land reaches 94.43% of the approved planning area. Other types of land: forestry land reaches

79.88% of the area target; aquaculture land reached 83.02% of the area target; non-agricultural land achieved 118.24% exceeding the area target according to the approved planning, in which rural residential land; urban residential land; production and business land; land for security, national defense, and scenic relics achieved a larger area target; infrastructure development land did not meet the area target; unused land achieved 88.63% of the area target according to the approved planning.

Second, about waste.

- Solid waste in the area is mainly generated from the daily activities of households, from production and business establishments, medical facilities... It is estimated that the total amount of solid waste generated in the province is about 165,512 tons. Of which, domestic solid waste is about 148,180 tons (accounting for 89.53% of the total amount of waste), industrial solid waste is estimated at about 13,032 tons (accounting for about 7.87% of the total amount of waste); In particular, medical waste generated from hospitals and medical centers is estimated at about 4,300 tons (accounting for about 2.6% of the total amount of waste) [123, pp.95-96].

- Current status of solid waste collection and treatment:

Currently, the province has invested in building a waste treatment plant in Tam Diep city with a capacity of 200 tons/day and a solid waste incinerator in Hoi Ninh commune, Kim Son district. These facilities have contributed significantly to the treatment of solid waste.

For the town areas in the province: Currently, in the towns of Yen Ninh (Yen Khanh district); Phat Diem, Binh Minh (Kim Son district); Yen Thinh (Yen Mo district); Thien Ton (Hoa Lu district), domestic waste is collected and transported to the province's common landfill in Tam Diep city for treatment. Meanwhile, Nho Quan town (Nho Quan district), Me town (Gia Vien district) have relatively hygienic waste treatment sites.

For rural areas: The province currently has 121 communes, of which 94 communes have formed garbage collection teams. However, due to lack of funding to maintain operations, the models are often unsustainable and difficult to replicate. The landfills have not been designed to meet sanitary standards and are mainly dumped in the open or burned, causing unpleasant odors. Fee collection and mobilization of people still face many difficulties.

For tourist areas in the area, garbage collection within each area has been paid attention to in order to create a clean and beautiful landscape and environment. However, most of the collected waste is treated by burying on-site, which has an impact on the environment [123, pp.91-95].

3.2.3. Current status of sustainable tourism development (responsible tourism, environmentally friendly tourism - green tourism)

In order to meet the new trends in tourism product consumption of tourists, such as: green tourism, environmentally friendly tourism, community tourism, experiential tourism... grasping the above consumption trends, in recent years Ninh Binh has chosen to exploit "green tourism" to create sustainable development. Some green tourism attractions can be mentioned, such as:

- Trang An Eco-tourism Area: One of the most beautiful eco-tourism areas of Ninh Binh, with a complex of rivers, mountains, caves, a system of special-use forests on limestone mountains and historical relics such as Khong Palace, Tran Temple... With its special geology, geomorphology, and a system of water caves, Trang An has many different microclimates, in which there coexists a very special terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem, with many rare species of animals and plants listed in the Vietnam Red Book [Appendix 3, p.167].

- Tam Coc - Bich Dong Tourist Area: Tam Coc - Bich Dong (three caves, including: Hang Ca, Hang Hai and Hang Ba), this place is considered the most attractive tourist destination in Ninh Binh, it is likened to " Ha Long Bay on land " or " Nam Thien De Nhi Dong ". Coming here, you will feel the beauty of "Son Thuy Huu Tinh". The scenery of this first scenic area of Ninh Binh province is a harmonious combination of the amazing beauty of caves, rugged mountains, poetic rivers and streams with the talent of people creating a unified, inseparable block [Appendix 3, p.167].

- Cuc Phuong National Park: A famous ecological and environmental tourist destination in Ninh Binh province, attracting several hundred thousand visitors every year. Tourists come here to explore the rich flora and fauna, admire the beautiful natural landscape, many interesting caves such as Trang Khuyet cave, Chua cave, Thuy Tien cave, ... participate in ecotourism programs, resorts, campfires, adventures, research and historical culture. In addition, there are hot springs, many rare species of flora and fauna.

An interesting sightseeing environment for anyone who loves exploring and learning about natural ecology [Appendix 2, p.166].

- Van Long Nature Reserve: The largest wetland nature reserve in the Northern Delta. The wild beauty is still very evident here, which has attracted tourists to admire the rich and diverse natural ecosystem of Van Long lagoon. This is home to many flora and fauna, a feeding ground for fish, birds, and storks, including the largest population of white-cheeked langurs in Vietnam with over 100 individuals. In addition to the values of flora and fauna, Van Long also possesses wonderful ink landscape paintings. The idyllic scenery makes everyone feel relaxed and peaceful. Van Long is known as the "bay without waves" because when traveling by boat on the lagoon, visitors will see the water surface as flat as a giant mirror [Appendix 2, pp.166,167].

Coming to the above eco-tourism areas, visitors will experience tourist routes such as:

- Hiking in the primeval forest: Depending on the weather, Cuc Phuong National Park builds walking routes in the forest with different content and time. Visitors can choose suitable routes for themselves. Interesting and meaningful experiential tourism routes are: Camping and overnight in the forest, long-term hiking route to Ngoc Son conservation area, Pu Luong conservation area, ...

- Cycling in the forest: This is one of the ways to explore the mysteries of nature. Cycling in the forest not only gives visitors a sense of tranquility and a real sense of nature, but also gives visitors the opportunity to encounter rare animals in Cuc Phuong, such as: Black Squirrel, Flying Squirrel, Deer, Loris,... [Appendix 3, p.168].

- Kayaking: Staying at Cuc Phuong, visitors can participate in many recreational and relaxing activities. Kayaking on Mac Lake and Yen Quang Lake is one of the attractive activities that many visitors love.

- Explore and admire : The ancient tree - a giant tree 45m high, 5m in diameter, with roots extending 20m above ground. Visit the Thousand-year-old tree , this is a giant tree 45m high, 5m in diameter, with a circumference that 20 people need to hug around.

Current Status of Sustainable Tourism Development (Responsible Tourism, Environmentally Friendly Tourism - Green Tourism)

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