Current status and solutions for tourism development in Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province

The inherent resources are still latent, the level of scientific and technological development creates the means to exploit those resource potentials.

Concept of tourism resources: “ Tourism resources are the natural, cultural and historical wholes and their components that contribute to serving and developing human physical and mental strength, their working capacity and health. These resources are used for direct and indirect needs for the production of tourism services .”

1.2. Characteristics and role of tourism resources in tourism development

1.2.1. General characteristics of tourism resources

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In order to use, protect and develop tourism resources effectively and sustainably, it is necessary to study and research the characteristics of these resources. Tourism resources will have both the characteristics of resources in general and specific characteristics related to the nature of the tourism industry.

According to Chapter 2, Article 13 of the 2005 Law on Tourism of Vietnam, tourism resources include natural tourism resources and human tourism resources that are being exploited and not yet exploited.

Natural tourism resources include: Cultural traditions, folk arts, historical revolutionary relics, archeology, architecture, creative human works and other tangible and intangible cultural relics that can be used for tourism purposes.

Basic characteristics of tourism resources

-Tourism resources are inherently available in nature or in social life.

-Tourism resources are mostly used locally to create tourism products. Tourists who want to enjoy tourism products must go to the place where the tourism resources are located. This is a characteristic that distinguishes tourism resources from other types of resources. Resources such as rivers, mountains, forests, seas, cultural resources such as architectural works, relics, and landscapes can all be relocated. Even intangible cultural relics can only be

Some types can be brought to serve in other places such as folk music and dance, folk games... However, even these types truly bring out their full value right on the incense stick that produces them.

-Tourism resources can be exploited all year round, some types are less dependent on seasonality. The dependence is due to natural characteristics, climate, customs, religious rituals and characteristics of activities that create the seasonal nature of tourism activities. Therefore, it is necessary to study the advantages of resources to limit seasonality.

-Tourism resources not only have tangible value but also intangible value. Because the tangible value of tourism resources is the material means directly involved in the formation of tourism products.

For example, some traditional dishes are tourism products formed on the basis of tangible material. The intangible value is expressed in that in addition to delicious food, tourists also feel the aesthetic psychology when enjoying the dishes, making people satisfied spiritually. Therefore, the more resources are exploited, the more their value increases due to the understanding and perception of people about those resources.

- Rich and diverse tourism resources have aesthetic, historical, spiritual, and entertainment values that attract tourists... they can be tangible but can also be intangible. "It can even be said that any objective existence in the world can constitute tourism resources, any space that humans can reach can have tourism resources as long as they can meet suitable conditions as well as diverse needs of tourists.

For example: For sightseeing and research tourism that serves the purpose of raising tourists' awareness, there needs to be tourism resources such as festivals, ethnic cultures, museums, traditional craft villages, caves, national parks, conservation areas, and natural heritages.

The world has beautiful landscapes...Tourism resources to develop resort or medical tourism are mineral water sources, medical mud, beautiful beaches with lots of sunshine, mountainous areas with cool, fresh climates and beautiful landscapes...

-Tourism resources are the basic factor to form tourism products; tourism products are created by many factors, but first of all are tourism resources. The more unique and special the tourism resources are, the higher the value and more attractive the tourism products are.

-Tourism resources play an important role in organizing tourism territory. The tourism territory system shows the spatial relationship of its constituent elements. Tourism resources are the decisive factor in the spatial distribution and territorial scale of the tourism system.

-Tourism resources are attractive, Chinese scholars consider this a characteristic, they cannot be considered tourism resources, they will no longer exist if they lose their attractiveness. Therefore, the exploitation process needs to pay attention, protect and upgrade resources to ensure that resources retain their attractiveness.

1.2.2.The role of tourism resources

The role of tourism resources in tourism activities is specifically shown in the following aspects:

- Tourism resources are the basic factor to create tourism products. In the tourism territorial systems, tourism resources are subsystems that play an important role and decide the tourism development of the tourism territorial system. In particular, tourism resources have a close relationship with other subsystems and with the socio-economic environment. Therefore, tourism resources are a leading important factor to create tourism products.

To attract and meet the diverse needs of tourists, tourism products also need to be diverse, rich, unique and new. It is the richness and

The diversity of tourism resources has created the richness, diversity and attractiveness of tourism products. The more unique and special the tourism resources are, the more the value of tourism products and the attractiveness of tourists will increase. It can be said that the quality of tourism resources will be an important factor that determines the scale, quantity, quality of tourism products and the effectiveness of tourism activities.

- Tourism resources are the purpose of tourists' trips and create favorable conditions to meet their needs during the trip. Whether tourism activities develop or not, whether business efficiency is high or low depends on the demand factor of tourism, especially tourists. Tourists in general, especially pure tourists, the purpose of their trip is not only to enjoy accommodation, food, travel, shopping services... Most tourists express their travel to enjoy, learn and feel the values of tourism resources, people and socio-economy at the destinations.

Whether tourists decide to take a trip or not depends on the values of the resources of the destination. Therefore, each locality and each country that wants to develop tourism effectively and attract tourists needs to pay attention to investing in the conservation, restoration and development of tourism resources and tourism promotion.

- Tourism resources are an important basis for developing tourism types:

In the process of tourism development, constantly meeting the demands and satisfying the purposes of tourists, new types of tourism also constantly appear and develop.

All types of tourism are born based on tourism resources. Adventure tourism activities are organized based on tourism resources such as mountains, caves, primeval forests, bays on islands with beautiful scenery... resort tourism, mineral baths are developed in areas with mineral springs, resort tourism is often organized in areas,

The highlands have a cool climate, beautiful beaches with lots of sunshine… and the emergence of various forms of tourism has turned many natural and social elements into tourism resources. Without historical sites, revolutionary sites, traditional festivals… it would be impossible to create cultural tourism.

- Tourism resources are an important component of the organization of tourism territory within a specific territory, all tourism activities must reflect a certain organization of tourism space.

The tourism territory system represents the spatial relationship of the closely related elements that make it up. Those elements are tourists, tourism resources, infrastructure, tourism technical facilities, and staff who organize, operate, and manage tourism.

The tourism territory system has many different levels of scope from tourist spots to tourist centers to tourist sub-regions and sub-regions. Regardless of the level, tourism resources play an important role in organizing the tourism territory, are the basic factors forming tourist spots, creating conditions to exploit its potentials most effectively.

Due to the distribution of tourism resources in the organization of tourism territory, points, clusters, tourism centers and tourism routes have been formed. From these routes, the exploitation process will be selected and arranged into tours, that is, specific tourism products provided to tourists. A reasonable organization of tourism territory will contribute to the high efficiency in exploiting tourism resources in particular as well as in all tourism activities in general.

The effectiveness of tourism development of tourism territorial systems depends largely on tourism resources. Therefore, in the process of tourism development, each enterprise, locality and each country, when planning tourism development, building tourism development strategies and policies, must

Investigate and evaluate tourism resources authentically, and at the same time, it is necessary to implement policies, strategies and solutions for managing, protecting, developing and exploiting tourism resources appropriately, correctly and effectively according to the perspective of sustainable tourism development.

1.3. Natural tourism resources

1.3.1. Concept of natural tourism resources

Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic and geomorphological elements, natural components, natural phenomena, general transformation processes or can be exploited and used in human production life.

According to Clause 1, Article 13, Chapter II of the Vietnam Tourism Law, " Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic, geomorphological, hydro-climatic, ecological, and natural landscape factors that are being exploited or can be used for tourism purposes."

1.3.2. Characteristics of natural tourism resources

Natural tourism resources have the following characteristics:

-If planned, protected and exploited reasonably and sustainably, most natural tourism resources are classified as inexhaustible resources, renewable resources or resources with slow degradation.

For example: Water resources follow the cyclical law. If forests are protected and exploited properly, water resources are not polluted by waste from life and production, water resources are classified as an endless resource.

- Topographic and geological resources, if properly exploited and preserved, will not destroy the landscape. These types of resources can be exploited many times over time, causing them to change on their own, taking into account thousands of years to millions of years.

- Most of the exploitation of natural tourism resources is greatly affected by weather conditions. Organizing mountain climbing tours, visiting mountainous areas or going to the beach or visiting rivers depends a lot on weather conditions. In particular, it is impossible to organize river tours during flood season, not

You can swim in the sea in the cold season. In the dry season, the water reserves of waterfalls, lakes and river systems dry up, making it difficult for water sports tourism and river sightseeing.

-Some scenic and tourism spots based on natural resources are often located far from densely populated areas. This feature, on the one hand, makes it costly and difficult to organize tourism activities, on the other hand, it is a factor that contributes to making natural tourism resources more attractive, better preserved and less negatively affected by socio-economic activities.

1.3.3. Types of natural calendar resources

According to the bases and classification diagrams of tourism resources, there are some natural components that attract tourists and have been, are being, or can be exploited for tourism purposes such as geology, topography, geomorphology, climate, hydrology and biology.

- Terrain

+ For tourism activities, the most important thing is the morphological characteristics of the terrain, meaning the external signs of the terrain and special forms of terrain that are attractive for tourism exploitation.

+ Morphological characteristics of the terrain include: mountains, hills, plains and special terrain types such as karst (limestone) and coastal terrain types.

+ The plain terrain is quite monotonous but can indirectly affect tourism through agricultural and cultural activities created by humans.

+ Low mountainous terrain with open and vast space is suitable for activities such as: camping, sightseeing. Moreover, the hilly area is home to unique archaeological relics and historical and cultural resources, creating the ability to develop types of tourism such as: thematic sightseeing, scientific research...

+ Mountainous terrain is more attractive for tourism, can develop different types of tourism such as: mountain climbing, sports, sightseeing, resort, eco-resort. Often combined with other types of tourism resources such as flora and fauna, water resources, climate to create a comprehensive tourism resource capable of organizing short-term and long-term tourism.

+ Special types of terrain include karst terrain, which is a type of terrain created by the circulation of water in soluble rocks such as limestone, chalk and gypsum... including underground karst (cave), flooded karst, and terrestrial karst.

- Climate

+ Climate is an important component of the natural environment for tourism activities. Among the notable climate indicators are two indicators: temperature

Current status and solutions for tourism development in Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province - 2

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