Cckt Shift In The Direction Of Industry, Operating System

subjective will of man. Therefore, the establishment of economic structure cannot be imposed subjectively and arbitrarily. Subjective human impact must be in accordance with objective laws; and at each certain stage, in accordance with a certain level of production, there will exist an economic structure suitable for that stage.

Second, the economic structure has historical and social characteristics . The economic structure reflects the nature and level of development of the economy. The economic structure includes the totality of economic relations established according to certain quantitative ratios in a specific period of time and at that time, with natural - economic - social conditions, those ratios are established and form a corresponding economic structure. Moreover, the differences in natural conditions, in specific historical circumstances, in the operation of specific economic laws of production methods will determine the differences in the economic structure of each country. There is no common economic structure model for all production methods, all economic regions or a common representative for all different countries, but it only has the meaning of inheritance and selection to choose a reasonable economic structure, suitable for each specific historical period.

Third, the economic structure is always in motion, changing and shifting towards increasing perfection . The economic structure is always in motion and developing through mutual transformation, the old economic structure gradually changes into a new economic structure, the new economic structure is born to replace the old economic structure, and so on, after a while the new economic structure is no longer suitable and continues to be replaced by another new economic structure that is more suitable and perfect, with a higher level and more complex. On the other hand, the process of movement and development of the economic structure is always closely linked to the development of the productive forces and the division of social labor. Therefore, as the productive forces develop, science, technology and the division of labor become more specialized, it inevitably leads to a more perfect economic structure.

Fourth, the process of economic transformation is a process of quantitative accumulation; quantitative changes to a certain extent will lead to qualitative changes.

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This process takes place quickly or slowly depending on many factors, including the very important direct impact of leaders and managers.

From the perspective of the process of social division of labor and social reproduction, the economic structure includes the structure of economic sectors, territorial structure and economic component structure. Depending on each different perspective, the content of each type of structure is expressed in general or specific terms.

a. Economic structure

The economic sector structure is a synthesis of economic sectors formed on proportional correlations, expressing the synthesis relationship between sectors and reflecting the level of social division of labor of the economy and the level of development of productive forces. The economic sector structure determines the territorial structure and the structure of economic components. The economic sector structure is the most important and characteristic expression of the economic structure. The economic sector structure has the following characteristics: it is governed by technical processes, technology and market requirements; it is bound by systematicity and balance requirements; it is intertwined with modernity and backwardness; it is governed by many political and social factors.

When analyzing the industry structure of a country, people often analyze three large industry groups, including:

- The agricultural, forestry and fishery sector , also known as sector I, includes the sectors of cultivation, livestock, forestry and fishery;

- The industrial and construction sector , also known as sector II, includes processing industries, mining industries, consumer goods and export manufacturing industries, oil refining industries, and construction industries;

- The service industry group , also known as sector III, includes trade, tourism, transportation, banking and finance, postal services and other service industries.

b. Territorial CCKT

The territorial economic structure is the result of the division of social labor according to territory. If the economic sector structure is formed from the process of production specialization, the territorial structure is formed from the distribution of production according to geographical space. Territorial structure and economic sector structure are two aspects of economic structure. The formation of territorial structure is closely linked to the sector structure and is unified in the economic region. In a specific region, the territorial structure reflects the expression of the sector structure in the conditions of that territory. The trend of territorial economic development is often multi-faceted, comprehensive development, with priority given to a few sectors and the formation of population distribution in accordance with economic development.

A territorial structure is considered reasonable if it meets the following objectives:

Firstly, it is necessary to complete national economic tasks, improve the efficiency of using natural resources and other resources in the region, perfect the economic structure of the region to optimally develop the regional economy in the short term as well as in the long term, create technical infrastructure, other socio-economic conditions for rapid economic development, improve the lives of people in the region, and protect the environment;

Second, complete the task of producing key products, meeting the needs of the entire national economy, minimizing production costs, and coordinating harmoniously with other departments within and outside the industry located in other regions;

Third, achieving the goals of the national economy must properly reflect the national development strategy.

Many recent studies have confirmed that economic development with a focus on territory in the period of industrialization and modernization is the right direction, suitable for the circumstances of many developing countries. The policy of developing economic zones in Vietnam was stated in the Resolution of the 7th National Congress of the Party, then continued to be affirmed in the Resolutions of the 8th, 9th and 10th Congresses. Up to now, the Government has decided

The plan established six socio-economic regions: the Northern midlands and mountainous region, the Red River Delta, the North Central and Central Coast regions, the Central Highlands, the Southeast region, the Mekong Delta region, and three key economic regions of the North, Central and South [7].

c. Economic structure

If the division of social labor is the basis for forming the sectoral structure and territorial structure, the ownership regime is the basis for forming the economic component structure. A reasonable economic component structure must be based on an economic organization system with an ownership regime capable of promoting the development of productive forces, the division of social labor and production relations... transforming economic phenomena and processes in each region as well as on a national scale. In that sense, the economic component structure is also a factor affecting the economic sectoral structure and territorial structure. That impact is a vivid manifestation of the organic relationship between types of structures in the economy. In which, the economic sectoral structure plays the most important role. The sectoral structure and economic components can only be properly transformed on a territorial scale and on a national scale. On the other hand, the reasonable distribution of territorial space is important to promote the development of sectors and economic components in each territory in particular and the whole country in general. Currently, according to the documents of the 10th National Party Congress, our country's economy is determined to have 5 economic components, namely: State economy, collective economy, private economy (individual, smallholder, private capitalist), state capitalist economy, and foreign-invested economy. However, in the context of globalization, the classification of economic types can be divided into two types: State economy and non-state economy. In the non-state economic sector, the foreign-invested economic sector has its own significance that needs to be carefully considered [46, p. 102].

1.2.1.2. Shifting the economic structure towards industrialization and modernization

We know that the economic structure is characterized by constant movement and development, and the movement and transformation of the economic structure is an objective process. The economic structure changes in each development period due to its constituent elements. The economic structure is not fixed and changes. The change in the structure of industries or the change in the proportional relationship between industries, regions, and components due to the appearance or disappearance of some industries and the uneven growth rate between the constituent elements of the economic structure. The change in the economic structure reflects the level of development of social productive forces, mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the more the productive forces develop, the more conditions are created for the process of social division of labor to become deeper; second, the development of the social division of labor in turn strengthens and develops economic relations (market economic mechanism). No economic structure is determined to be the final economic structure because social needs and production conditions are always changing. In other words, economic restructuring is an objective necessity and occurs regularly and continuously. Thus, the change in the proportion of components in the economic structure from one state to another in order to achieve better, more effective, and more reasonable development is called economic restructuring.

Economic restructuring is not simply a change in position, but a process of accumulation in quantity, leading to a qualitative change in the economic structure. This process takes place in three aspects: by industry, by territory and by economic sector. The economic structure shifts from simple to complex (ie the number of industries and products is increasing; the scope of linkage is increasingly wide: from few to many, from domestic to foreign), from a low-level state to a higher-level state (meaning the level of technology and the scale and quality of goods production are increasingly high) to bring greater benefits as desired by people through the development periods.

Shifting the economic structure towards industrialization and modernization is a process of movement and development to approach the most suitable economic structure, which is the process of fundamental and comprehensive transformation of production, business, service and economic management activities from mainly using manual labor to widely using labor with advanced and modern technology, means and methods, based on the development of industry and scientific and technological progress to create high social labor productivity. Moreover, shifting the economic structure towards industrialization and modernization is also the process of selecting, forming and developing key sectors and industries for the economy, towards a modern knowledge-based economy.

The goal of economic restructuring towards industrialization and modernization is to achieve optimal economic structure on the basis of inheriting the quintessence of the old economic structure, replacing and eliminating the backward and outdated aspects of the old economic structure.

Unlike the industrialization models that have existed in history, including the recent success of the export-oriented industrialization model in some East Asian economies, industrialization today is carried out in the context of globalization and international economic integration. In the context of globalization today, international economic integration is the process of proactively linking the economy and market of each country with the regional and world economy through efforts to open up and promote the liberalization of each country's economy at the unilateral, bilateral and multilateral levels.

Thus, international economic integration can be understood as a process of simultaneously implementing two approaches: First, signing and participating in international economic institutions and organizations in which members participate in negotiations to build and implement common rules of the game, while implementing regulations and commitments with each member country on the principle of liberalization, minimizing differences and non-discrimination; second, carrying out domestic reforms to effectively implement international regulations and commitments on market opening and eliminating

tariff and non-tariff barriers; adjusting the economic structure to suit the requirements of economic liberalization, enhancing the competitiveness of the economy as well as of enterprises; training human resources according to new development requirements; implementing the construction and completion of compatible institutions.

International economic integration is a process of economic association with specific goals and orientations associated with the scope, level and specific conditions of each country. Due to specific socio-economic conditions, each country will have very different integration roadmaps, steps and solutions. Therefore, international economic integration is objective, regulated by economic globalization and the new scientific and technological revolution, but there cannot be general international economic integration but rather the international economic integration of each country into specific regional and global institutions, at the bilateral or multilateral level and at the same historical moment, different countries will be able to participate in many institutions at the same time. However, at each level and form, participating member countries are required to meet certain conditions. Meeting those conditions makes each country's economy increasingly closely linked with other member economies, or in other words, linked with the world economy in the process of its economic integration. From there, the world economy develops in the direction of creating a unified common market, obstacles to economic cooperation and exchange are reduced and gradually disappear, but competition between countries becomes increasingly fierce.

From the above concepts and analysis, to successfully implement the industrialization and modernization strategy based on comparative advantages through promoting international economic integration and implementing sustainable development, especially in the current period, the top concern is to have a breakthrough in economic structure. Accordingly, shifting economic structure towards industrialization and modernization in the context of international economic integration must meet the following requirements:

First of all, the economic restructuring must ensure that it both meets the requirements of the transition to an industrial economy and gradually develops the economy.

knowledge economy. In the industrial sector, based on the classification of industries: non-competitive, competitive and competitive with conditions, it is necessary to indicate the development methods and directions for each industry. In the long term, the process of economic restructuring must be in the direction of promoting industries with competitive advantages, especially those with technological and knowledge advantages. On the other hand, it is necessary to be bold and daring in developing new industries in both industry and services. Invest and call for stronger investment in manufacturing industries; in service sectors such as finance, insurance, banking, and industries with modern technology, on the one hand, to compete and promote the development of these sectors and on the other hand, to overcome weaknesses in limited resources, infrastructure as well as knowledge, management skills and lack of experience of Vietnamese enterprises.

Second, the economic restructuring must ensure the promotion of rapid economic growth with quality and sustainable, balanced, reasonable and harmonious development between localities and regions, especially between rural and urban areas . The economic restructuring reflects the dialectical relationship between the components and elements that make up an economic whole or the economy of a country. Rapid, reasonable economic restructuring, consistent with development trends and specific conditions, will promote rapid, effective and sustainable economic growth, creating conditions to resolve inequality between regions and areas in the economy. Therefore, the economic restructuring process must ensure that it is increasingly progressive and modern, and is expressed in the following points: the proportion of industrial and service sectors or non-agricultural sectors is increasing, the proportion of agricultural sectors is decreasing; The proportion of the state economic sector gradually decreases, but still ensures a leading role in a number of industries and fields; the proportion of the private economic sector and the foreign-invested economic sector increases; ensures the sustainability of key products in the fields of agriculture, industry and services; ensures the

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