Causes of the above achievements and limitations

The education level of NNL in rural areas is low, so it is very difficult to provide vocational training to solve employment for them.

Third, the professional and technical level of human resources is still low, and there are many unemployed workers. The quality of non-formal training, career guidance, and general vocational training in schools and general technical and vocational centers has not been improved. The rate of workers receiving vocational training is still low, and the structure of trained workers meeting the development requirements of the province's main economic sectors is not suitable.

Fourthly, although the staff of all sectors has made much progress and their professional qualifications have been raised, their structure is still unreasonable, and there is a lack of highly qualified staff at lower levels. There is a lack of doctors at district levels and doctors working long-term at commune levels. There is a lack of music, art, and technology teachers. The rate of qualified preschool teachers and teachers with master's degrees at high schools, vocational schools, and vocational training schools is still low. The staff in charge of human resource development, especially at commune and ward levels, is still lacking in quantity and poor in quality. In general, the staff has not had a real and clear change to meet the industrialization, modernization, and socio-economic development of the province.

Fifth, the human resources for the industry are not highly skilled, the level of organization and management, the use of scientific and technical staff is not effective, there is a lack of many scientific and technical staff, skilled workers. The structure of human resources with professional and technical qualifications in the industries also does not meet the development requirements of the industries. The quality of labor in the industries is uneven. There are industries that need to concentrate a large number of highly skilled and technical labor forces such as electronics, mechanics, and industries that need a labor force that constantly improves the quality to meet the requirements of rapid development of the industry such as garment and leather shoes, but in reality, this has not been achieved.

2.2.1.3. Causes of the above achievements and limitations

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In fact, the quality of Hai Duong's human resources has the above achievements and limitations due to many reasons.

- Reasons for achievements:

Firstly, Party committees and authorities at all levels have paid great attention to economic development and improving the material and spiritual life of the people. There has been close and timely leadership from Party committees and authorities from the provincial to district and communal levels in health care, education and training. Many directives, resolutions, decisions and especially programs, plans and solutions have been promptly issued, creating favorable mechanisms to implement the policies of the Party and State on human resource development issues.

Second, the health, education and training, culture-information, labor, war invalids and social affairs sectors, with the function of standing agencies implementing projects in the human resource development program, have promptly detected key issues that need to be resolved in each period, proactively discussed with relevant sectors to promptly advise and organize implementation; and carefully guided and inspected localities in the process of implementing policies and guidelines.

Third, the whole province has promoted socialization, mobilized the combined strength of the whole society to take care of the development of health care, education and training under the leadership of the Party and the management of the State. The new regulations of the province on investment in developing the health care and education sectors; attracting incentives, using talents; assigning and decentralizing cadre management, improving civil servant recruitment; and resolving the regime for teachers with substandard qualifications at all levels have been agreed upon and positively responded to by the people.

Fourthly, production and business agencies and enterprises have paid attention to ensuring the material and spiritual benefits of workers, contributing greatly to improving the quality of human resources in the province.

- Causes of limitations:

Firstly, many establishments, Party committees and authorities have not paid due attention to human resource development; awareness of the content of improving the quality of human resources is still simple and not comprehensive, and planning has not paid attention to determining measures and conditions for implementation. Some cadres are limited in capacity and lack dynamism in advising and performing tasks. Some agencies and units have not yet understood the policy, are not proactive, and even cause difficulties in receiving masters and excellent graduates from regular public universities. Planning, training, fostering and using people with high achievements in work as well as those with post-graduate degrees are still limited.

Second, although the economic structure of the province has changed significantly, Hai Duong is still an agricultural province, with not many occupations for workers. The number of trained workers who cannot find jobs is still high, leading to difficulties in developing human resources in terms of both vocational training needs and improving material and spiritual life through labor.

Third, infrastructure and investment funds for human resource development have been increased in recent years, but due to the general difficulties of the province, they are still not enough to meet the demand. The proportion of the investment budget for education, training and health care is limited, mostly only meeting the human expenses, the expenditure for professional activities is still small (10-15%).

Fourth, some issued policies and regimes are not consistent or timely with the Government's regulations such as: Decree 73/CP on socialization of medical, cultural and educational facilities, Decree 10/CP on financial mechanisms applicable to revenue-generating public service units, Decree 95/CP on hospital fees, Decree 204 on new salaries, Decree 12 on state management of health... leading to lack of favorable conditions for implementation, creating conditions for development.

Strengthening factors for the growth of human resources in the province. The implementation of the socialization policy in the fields of health, education and training, culture, physical education and sports is still slow due to the lack of full awareness of the meaning and content of these activities. The system of documents on vocational training is still lacking, some occupations do not have standard vocational training programs, and there are no standards to assess the quality of vocational training.

Fifth, in the process of industrialization and modernization, the implementation of training, promoting professional and technical skills, and improving the quality of human resources for the industrial sector, especially key and advantageous manufacturing sectors of the province, has not received much attention. The Party, government, and enterprises have not had preferential policies and appropriate incentives in training and using human resources with high professional and technical qualifications.

2.2.2. Issues arising in improving the quality of human resources in Hai Duong in the coming time.

According to the state's strategic goals, by 2020 our country will basically complete industrialization and modernization, becoming an industrialized country with an average level of advancement compared to other countries in the world. For Hai Duong, the goal of the provincial Party Committee is: " Solidarity, innovation, taking advantage of every opportunity and proactively creating new opportunities, mobilizing and effectively using all resources for rapid and sustainable development, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy in the integration process; strongly shifting the economic structure, labor structure towards industrialization, modernization and achieving an economic growth rate higher than the national average, creating a solid foundation to strive to basically become an industrial province by 2015 " . Thus, in the coming time when implementing the industrialization and modernization process, there will be characteristics that show the law that we need to pay attention to, which are: The time to carry out industrialization is increasingly shortened; the level of science and technology is increasingly advanced and modern; sustainable development requirements

become inevitable in the process of industrialization and modernization. Industrialization and modernization in Hai Duong must also be consistent with these characteristics. The process of industrialization and modernization cannot be done sequentially but must "take shortcuts and be proactive" to quickly absorb advanced techniques and technologies and modern management methods to achieve high and sustainable economic growth, creating new efficiency for the economy. To successfully carry out the cause of industrialization and modernization, Hai Duong in particular and the whole country in general must prepare all basic resources, including human resources suitable in quantity, quality and structure.

Developing human resources as well as promoting the potential strengths of human resources are fundamental factors that have a great and direct impact on the socio-economic development process. Considering the suitability and current status of human resources quality in the industrialization and modernization process in Hai Duong, especially human resources for the industrial sector, it can be seen that human resources are facing problems that need to be solved, which are:

2.2.2. 1. Malnutrition, poor health, and illness among human resources are still common, and human resources are still physically weak .

Although Hai Duong's human resources have many good qualities, they are still in a state of physical weakness. The rate of malnourished children is still high. The health of the workforce is still average and weak, the risk of occupational diseases is increasing. Therefore, it has significantly affected the efficiency of the production process. This situation is due to many reasons, but the basic reason is still due to: There are still many workers lacking stable jobs, the rate of labor in agriculture is still high, leading to low income for workers. Human resources are not guaranteed in terms of material conditions, life is difficult. From there, it affects the improvement of the quality of physical and mental strength of human resources.

The problem for the province is how to have a socio-economic development strategy and solve employment for workers to ensure stable income.

standards of living for them, creating conditions for them to improve their material and spiritual life. Only then can human resources be improved in terms of quality. Improving the quality of human resources is closely linked to the goals of socio-economic development. That is also a condition to ensure the sustainable development of Hai Duong in the coming time.

2.2.2.2. The cultural, professional and technical level of human resources is still low while the demand for highly skilled and technically qualified human resources is increasing.

In reality, the general situation of the professional and technical qualifications of human resources in the whole province is still very limited. The human resources with high professional and technical qualifications are still lacking, especially in key industries and advantageous industries where the province is currently investing in expanding production development.

From now to 2010, the period 2011-2015, to carry out industrialization and modernization, Hai Duong determined to continue developing industry at a high speed, focusing on the province's key industries such as: Mechanical, electronic, information technology industry; Construction materials manufacturing industry; Agricultural and food processing industry; Garment, leather and footwear industry...

The mechanical and electronic industry is a fundamental industry that plays a key role in economic development, in the cause of industrialization and modernization, and in strengthening national security and defense . The province affirms that it will continue to strive to become a major shipbuilding mechanical center of the country, building increasingly large tonnage ships and specialized ships that meet international standards. For the electronics and information technology industry: promote the production of electrical wiring networks, electronic circuits used in the automobile industry, electronic equipment, information technology,

office machines... However, the technical workforce in these industries is still lacking, especially technology engineers and high-level technical workers.

The construction materials manufacturing industry has been identified as one of the key manufacturing industries of the province in recent times. In which, cement, ceramic tiles, and tunnel bricks are products with large output. This is an industry with potential for development in Hai Duong. The development of this industry has made a great contribution to the province's budget revenue. The labor force in this industry is 24,164 people (in 2005). However, unskilled labor accounts for the majority, the number of highly qualified workers is low, especially the capacity of management staff still has many problems that need to be solved. In the next 10 years, construction materials manufacturing will still be an industry with a high growth rate, therefore it creates a huge demand for quality human resources to meet the development of the industry.

Agricultural, forestry and food processing is one of the industries with a large number of production establishments. In 2005, the industry had 17,358 establishments, accounting for 69.49% of the total number of industrial production establishments in the province. The development of this industry is completely consistent with the actual conditions of the province. Being a province with a purely agricultural economy, the interest in the industry of processing agricultural products is completely appropriate. However, the labor force in the industry has low knowledge of food processing industry production and has not received systematic professional and technical training.

For the textile and garment industry, leather and footwear is also an industry that has been developed and expanded in terms of scale. It is an industry that solves many jobs for workers, especially workers in rural areas. However, the labor force of this industry is also in a general situation of low professional and technical qualifications. The majority of workers are trained on the spot, not through a certain program or school...

In general, with the development of industrial production sectors, the demand for skilled labor, skilled workers in enterprises and industrial zones is increasing, causing the vocational training system to attract a large number of learners. The number of students entering colleges and vocational schools has increased in quantity but not in quality. This issue for the province is the need for a quick and timely solution to the training of human resources to meet the requirements of economic development. The vocational training system for human resources needs to be paid more attention to improve the quality of professional and technical training.

2.2.2.3. Human resources are facing the requirement of shifting labor structure towards economic development of the province, so it requires appropriate management of all levels and sectors to improve quality.

The economic restructuring entails the labor restructuring, which is the basic content of industrialization and modernization. The process of forming a new labor structure to meet the requirements of the industrialization and modernization process is shown in the following aspects: The labor structure according to economic sectors and fields through training is improved; The labor structure in agriculture decreases, the proportion of industrial and service labor gradually increases; The proportion of manual labor decreases, the proportion of intellectual labor gradually increases...

Thus, industrialization and modernization to transform the economic structure and labor structure must lead to a revolution in the labor force, forming new methods, capacities, qualifications, and working habits for workers. That requires first of all that Party committees at all levels and relevant agencies in the management and use of human resources must have a management mechanism through policies for human resources to ensure the promotion of human positivity in training and improving qualifications.

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