MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL BREEDING
------- ------- PHAM HAI NINH
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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTION ABILITY OF HUONG PIG
DOCTORAL THESIS
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL BREEDING
------- ------- PHAM HAI NINH
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTION ABILITY OF HUONG PIG
INDUSTRY: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CODE: 9 62 01 05
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR:
1. Dr. Pham Cong Thieu
2. Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Thanh Huyen
COMMITMENT
I hereby declare that this is my own scientific research work. The data and results presented in this thesis are honest, accurate and have not been published in any other work.
Any help received in preparing this thesis has been acknowledged and all sources cited in this thesis have been duly acknowledged.
Hanoi, date month year 2022
PhD student
Pham Hai Ninh
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the time of studying, researching and completing this scientific work, I have received the teaching, guidance and instruction of teachers. At the same time, I have also received the help and encouragement of friends, colleagues and family members. On this occasion, please allow me to express my respect and deep gratitude to my two scientific supervisors: Dr. Pham Cong Thieu and Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Thanh Huyen who have devoted a lot of effort and time to guide me wholeheartedly, creating favorable conditions for me throughout the process of studying, researching, implementing the topic and completing the thesis.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Board of Directors of the Institute of Animal Husbandry, the Department of Science, Training and International Cooperation, and the teachers who have helped me in all aspects and created the most favorable conditions for me to complete my thesis.
I would like to sincerely thank the leaders and staff of the Department of Rare Animals and Biodiversity, Institute of Animal Husbandry for always supporting, encouraging and creating favorable conditions to help me in all aspects during the process of completing my thesis.
I would like to express my sincere and deepest thanks to all the staff and workers of Cao Bang Agricultural Extension and Forestry Breeding Center, Thien Thuan Tuong Mineral Exploitation Company, the units that coordinated the implementation of the project "Exploitation and development of Huong pig genetic resources" for enthusiastically helping me in the process of researching and completing the thesis.
I would also like to sincerely thank my family, friends and colleagues for creating favorable conditions to help me in every way, and encouraging me to complete this scientific research work.
Hanoi, date month year 2022
PhD student
Pham Hai Ninh
INDEX
COMMITMENT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF IMAGES xi
INTRODUCTION 1
1. URGENCY OF THE TOPIC 1
2. TOPIC OBJECTIVES 3
2.1. General objective 3
2.2. Specific objectives 3
3. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THESIS 4
3.1. Scientific significance 4
3.2. Practical significance 4
4. NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESIS 4
CHAPTER 1: DOCUMENT OVERVIEW 6
1.1. Scientific basis of research problem 6
1.1.1. Biological characteristics and influencing factors 6
1.1.1.1. Physical characteristics of pigs and influencing factors 6
1.1.1.2. Physiological characteristics of gilts and influencing factors 8
1.1.2. Production capacity of sows and influencing factors 10
1.1.2.1. Reproductive performance of sows and influencing factors 10
1.1.2.2. Growth ability, carcass yield, meat quality and influencing factors 15
1.2. Research situation at home and abroad 26
1.2.1. Research situation abroad 26
1.2.1.1. Biological characteristics of native pig breeds 26
1.2.1.2. Production capacity of native pigs 29
1.2.2. Domestic research situation 36
1.2.2.1. Biological characteristics of native pig breeds 36
1.2.2.2. Production capacity of native pig breeds 40
1.2.3. Some research results on Huong 47 pigs
CHAPTER 2. RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS 50
2.1. Research materials 50
2.1.1. Research subjects 50
2.1.2. Research location and time 50
2.1.2.1. Research location 50
2.1.2.2. Research time 50
2.2. Research content 51
2.3. Research methods 51
2.3.1. Study on biological characteristics of Huong pigs through three generations 52
2.3.1.1. Research on the physical characteristics of Huong 52 pigs
2.3.1.2. Determining the size of some basic body measurements 53
2.3.1.3. Study on some physiological and reproductive indicators of gilts
.......................................................................................................... 53
2.3.2. Research on the production capacity of Huong 54 pigs
2.3.2.1. Evaluation of reproductive performance of Huong pigs through 3 generations 54
2.3.2.2. Evaluation of growth ability, carcass yield and meat quality of commercial Huong pork 56
2.4. Data processing 59
2.4.1. For biological characteristics 60
2.4.1.1. Model for analyzing physical characteristics, body dimensions 60
2.4.1.2. Model for analyzing reproductive physiological traits 60
2.4.2. For production capacity traits 61
2.4.2.1. Model for analyzing reproductive performance traits 61
2.4.2.2. Model for analyzing growth performance and carcass quality traits 61
CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 63
3.1. Biological characteristics of Huong 63 pigs
3.1.1. Physical characteristics 63
3.1.1.1. Characteristics of fur color 63
3.1.1.2. Body morphology 64
3.1.1.3. Size of some body measurements 69
3.1.2. Physiological and reproductive characteristics of female pigs Huong gilt 72
3.1.2.1. Factors affecting the physiological and reproductive traits of female pigs Huong gilts 72
3.1.2.2. Age of first estrus 73
3.1.2.3. Age at first pregnancy 74
3.1.2.4. First pregnant mating weight 76
3.1.2.5. Age at first birth 77
3.1.2.6. Estrous cycle 78
3.2. Production capacity of Huong 79 pigs
3.2.1. Reproductive performance of Huong 79 sows
3.2.1.1. Factors affecting reproductive performance of Huong sows
.......................................................................................................... 79
3.2.1.2. Number of newborns 81
3.2.1.3. Number of live births 84
3.2.1.4. Number of weaned pigs 88
3.2.1.5. Birth weight 92
3.2.1.6. Weaning weight 95
3.2.1.7. Weaning age 99
3.2.1.8. Time of return to estrus 101
3.2.1.9. Litter interval 103
3.2.2. Growth ability, carcass yield and meat quality of commercial Huong 105 pork
3.2.2.1. Growth ability of commercial Huong pigs 105
3.2.2.2. Carcass productivity of Huong 110 pigs
3.2.2.3. Quality of Huong 113 pork
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 125
4.1. Conclusion 125
4.2. Proposal 126
REFERENCES 127
Vietnamese 127
Foreign Language 137