- Cognitive capacity, historical thinking, initial formation of awareness of respect for documents and knowing how to criticize documents.
II. References
- Do Thanh Binh (editor-in-chief) - Nguyen Cong Khanh - Ngo Minh Oanh - Dang Thanh Toan, Modern World History , Education Publishing House (pp. 17-18).
III. Preparation of teachers and students
1. Teacher preparation
- Word lesson plans, electronic lesson plans.
- Prepare questions and images.
- Plan and prepare questions.
2. Student preparation
- Read the new lesson first.
- Learn about Tsar Nicholas II.
IV. Teaching organization process
1. Start:
- Objective: Stimulate curiosity, introduce typical features of Russia.
- Method of activity: Present a map of the imperialist and colonial countries in the early 20th century , showing students the location and territory of Russia.
At the beginning of the 20th century, an important historical event took place in Russia, which had a great impact and influence on the world revolutionary movement, opening the struggle to liberate the working people. That was the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. And to better understand this historical event, we will also learn in Lesson 9: The October Revolution in Russia in 1917 and the struggle to defend the revolution (1917 - 1921).
- Result-oriented: Students are interested and focused on the new lesson.
2. Organize research activities for new knowledge
a. Activity 1: Learn about the situation in Russia before the revolution.
- Objective of the activity: Present the economic, political and social situation of Russia before the revolution.
- Method of operation:
Teacher: Show 4 pictures in turn: Tsar Nicholas II (1), Russian peasants in the early 20th century (2), Russian soldiers at the front (3), Famine in Russia in 1917 (4).
HS: Observe the picture, describe and draw conclusions about the political, economic and social situation of Russia before the revolution?
- Performance orientation:
+ Politics: In the early 20th century, Russia was an absolute monarchy, headed by the Tsar.
+ Economy: capitalism developed late, backward, and dependent on the West. Russia joined World War I -> early 1917, economy exhausted, severe famine.
+ Society: People's lives were extremely miserable, movements against the war to overthrow the Tsar took place everywhere.
-> Russia is in a comprehensive political, economic and social crisis.
-> The conflict between the Russian people and the Tsar became increasingly fierce.
-> Causes of the revolution.
b. Activity 2: Learn about two revolutions: the February Revolution and the October Revolution.
- Objective of the activity: Explain the reasons why Russia carried out two revolutions: the February bourgeois democratic revolution and the October revolution.
- Method of operation:
Teacher: Please present your understanding of the February Revolution? (Suggestion)
: Purpose, leadership, participants, form of struggle, developments, results, nature).
Students: Combine reading, thinking and answering questions. Teacher concludes:
Teacher explains: Why is the February Revolution a new type of bourgeois democratic revolution?
- The February Revolution had the nature of a bourgeois revolution because: it broke out to carry out the goal of a bourgeois revolution, which was to overthrow the feudal regime.
- The February Revolution was a new type of bourgeois democratic revolution because: It carried out the goals of the bourgeois revolution but was led by the proletariat (unlike the bourgeois revolutions in England and France, led by the bourgeoisie and new nobility), and after the revolution won, two parallel governments were established: the Provisional Bourgeois Government and the Soviet of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers, representing the interests of two different classes: bourgeoisie and proletariat.
The teacher asked the question: Why, after the February Revolution took place and won, the Tsar was overthrown, Russia still had to carry out the October Revolution? (Hint: based on the results of the February Revolution)
Students think and answer: Teacher comments and concludes:
- After the February Revolution won, two governments representing the interests of two different classes, bourgeoisie (exploiting) - proletariat (exploited), were established and existed in parallel.
- On the other hand, after being established, the Provisional Bourgeois Government continued to participate in World War I, continuing to push the Russian people into misery. -> The Russian people had to make a revolution to overthrow the bourgeois government and bring the proletariat to power.
- Faced with that situation, in April 1917 Lenin drafted and approved the April Theses of the Bolshevik Party, deciding to change the direction of the Russian revolution from communism to socialism.
Assessing the role of Lenin: Lenin played an extremely important role. At important times, he made bold and correct decisions, finding a direction for the Russian revolution. Leaving lessons for socialist countries, including Vietnam.
Students rely on data in the textbook and present the developments of the October Revolution in Russia?
Teacher comments and summarizes:
Related question for students: Why do we still celebrate the October Revolution every year in November?
Students think and relate geography knowledge to answer. Teacher comments and adds:
2017 marks the 100th anniversary of the Russian October Revolution, November 7, 1917 – November 7, 2017. Due to inaccurate calculations of the Earth’s rotation around the sun, at the time of the October Revolution in 1917, Russia was still using the old calendar, which was 13 days behind the official calendar. Therefore, every year we still celebrate the October Revolution on November 7.
- Result orientation: From February Revolution to October Revolution
*. February Revolution
- Purpose: overthrow the Tsar.
- Leadership: proletariat.
- Components: workers, farmers, soldiers.
- Form: Demonstration, political strike combined with armed uprising.
- Development : February 1917 workers' demonstration in Petrograd. The movement quickly spread throughout the city and changed from a general political strike to an armed uprising.
- Result:
+ The revolution won, the Tsarist regime was overthrown.
+ Two governments were established: the Provisional Bourgeois Government of the bourgeoisie and the Soviet of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies.
- Nature: It is a new type of bourgeois democratic revolution.
* October Revolution
- Situation:
+ After the February Revolution, two parallel governments were established, representing the interests of two different classes -> could not coexist.
+ April 1917 Lenin and the Bolshevik Party decided to move from the communist revolution to the socialist revolution.
c. Activity 3: Learn about the historical significance of the October Revolution in Russia.
- Teacher connects literary knowledge (Excerpt from the poem " The Man in Search of the Shape of Water " - Che Lan Vien).
Behold the sun has risen in the east, The bitter tree has borne sweet fruit.
The bitter man shared his happiness. The golden star flew with the sickle and hammer of workers and farmers.
* Students: Read the poem, analyze the images mentioned in the poem, and read the textbook: Present the historical significance of the October Revolution in Russia?
* Teacher asks: What lessons did the October Revolution leave for the Vietnamese revolution?
- Results oriented:
* For Russia:
+ Smash the yoke of feudal and bourgeois oppression and exploitation, liberate workers and working people.
+ Bring workers and farmers to power and build socialism.
* For the world
- Change the world situation.
- Encourage and leave many lessons for world revolution: strongly encourage and promote the world revolutionary movement.
3. Lesson summary
* Teachers guide students to complete the study sheet: Compare the bourgeois revolution and the February and October revolutions.
Content
Bourgeois revolution | May Revolution Two | May Revolution Ten | |
Mission | Overthrow the regime feudal | Overthrow the regime feudal | Overthrow the government bourgeois rights |
Leader | Bourgeoisie | Proletariat | Proletariat |
Force join | The masses people | The masses people | The masses people |
Result | Establishment of class government bourgeois | Two parallel governments | Establishment of class government proletariat |
Nature | Bourgeois revolution | Bourgeois revolution new style | Social Revolution tenet |
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* Multiple choice exercises:
Question 1: The political system of Russia after the 1905 - 1907 Revolution was
A. Bourgeois democracy B. Republican democracy
C. Constitutional monarchy D. Absolute monarchy
Question 2: The factor that hindered the development of capitalism in Russia in the early 20th century was
A. The wave of people's protests spread widely.
B. Government's policy of external compromise
C. The strong development of the workers' movement
D. The existence of the monarchy and feudal remnants
Question 3: In which year did the Tsar join World War I? A. 1914 B. 1915
C. 1916 D. 1917
Question 4: What was the attitude of more than 100 Russian ethnic groups when the Tsar entered World War I?
A. Support the Tsar to expand territory
B. Oppose the war, demand the overthrow of the Tsarist regime
C. Require the Tsar to carry out a reform
D. Demonstration demanding the Tsar to abdicate the throne to someone else
Question 5: In the early 20th century, in Russia there were many social conflicts, except
A. Contradiction between proletariat and bourgeoisie
B. The conflict between serfdom and feudalism
C. Conflict between farmers and feudal landlords
D. The conflict between more than 100 Russian ethnic groups and the Tsarist regime Question 6: The nature of the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia was
A. Bourgeois revolution B. Proletarian revolution
C. Bourgeois democratic revolution D. National liberation revolution Question 7: Lenin's important report to the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party (April 1917) was
A. April Platform B. April Platform
C. April Theses D. April Political Report
Question 8: That document determined the goals and directions of the Russian revolution in 1917 as
A. Transition from bourgeois revolution to proletarian revolution
B. Transition from land revolution to socialist revolution
C. Transition from bourgeois democratic revolution to socialist revolution
D. Transition from bourgeois democratic revolution to socialist revolution
Question 9: Which idea does not correctly reflect the historical significance of the October Revolution in Russia?
A. Completely changed the situation in Russia
B. Liberate the working class, working people and Russian peoples from oppression and exploitation
C. Make workers masters of their country and their own destiny
D. Led to the establishment of the Soviet Union (USSR)
Question 10: One of the great international significances of the October Revolution in Russia is
A. Smashing feudal oppression and exploitation, bringing the working people to mastery
B. Creating a balance in the comparison of forces between socialism and capitalism
C. Encourage and leave many valuable lessons for the world revolutionary movement
D. Leading to the establishment of a new international organization of the international working class