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Tourists' Subjective Standards for Destinations

2021; Nguyen Tien Thanh and Le Van Huy;

33 Images of Da Nang destination and domestic tourists' intention to return


2021; Ho Minh Phuc and Trinh Thi Kim Chung;

- Cognitive image;

- Emotional images


Comprehensive image


Intention to spin

back to SEM


Current situation


Destination image has a specific, intrinsic relationship: affective image has a stronger and more positive impact on overall image than cognitive image.


Due to some information limitations and the continuous progress of the epidemic, the author only used qualitative research methods to analyze the overall impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

34 Attracting international tourists back to Da Nang after the Covid-19 pandemic

xxx

and solution

France

19 for the tourism industry, barriers to attracting international tourists to return to Da Nang. The authors propose to continue using quantitative research methods in

study later to see another perspective.

2021; Nguyen Van Hien and Nguyen Thi

35 Hong Nguyet; Local brand value

from the perspective of tourists

visitors to Vinh Long


Brand awareness

- Perceived quality;

- Brand association


Brand loyalty


SEM


This study differs from previous research models, especially with the relationship between brand awareness, brand association, and brand loyalty.

APPENDIX 03


OVERVIEW OF FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN INTENTION CLASSIFIED BY INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH APPROACH



post


Rate (%)

1

Cost- price


1

2

2

Costs - non-monetary


1

2

3

Facilities and services at the arrival airport


1

2

4

Great service


1

2

5

Tourist attractions and facilities


1

2

6

Education and spirit


1

2

7

Cognitive limitations


1

2

8

English proficiency


1

2

9

Distance


1

2

10

Knowledge


1

2

11

Hope


1

2

12

History


1

2

13

Customer Return on Investment


1

2

14

Surprised


1

2

15

Other factors (economic, political…)


1

2

16

Behavioral group


1

2

17

Psychology Group


1

2

18

Demand is forecasted in advance.


1

2

19

Normative beliefs


1

2

20

Behavioral beliefs


1

2

21

Belief in destination


1

2

22

Racism


1

2

23

Standard procedure


1

2

24

Advanced Process


1

2

25

Make a decision


1

2

26

Tourism products


1

2

27

Place attachment


1

2

28

Restriction


1

2

29

Destination appeal


1

2

30

Destination infrastructure improvement


1

2

31

Cognitive bias


1

2

32

The Risk


1

2

33

Familiarity


1

2

Maybe you are interested!

Tourists Subjective Standards for Destinations

No. Group Observed variables (Independent and mediating variables)

Number of overall articles Number of times/each

Negotiation constraints

1

2

35

Personal participation

1

2

36

Escape

1

2

37

Join the tour

1

2

38

Search for information

1

2

39

Aesthetics

1

2

40

Emotional experience

1

2

41

Word of mouth

1

2

42

Society and Economy

1

2

43

Previous travel behavior

3

6

44

Number of previous visits

4

8

45

Features (accommodation; trip…)

5

10

46

Cognitive behavioral control

6

13

47

Past experience

6

13

48

Subjective standard

7

15

49

Perception (value; risk; destination; price…)

8

17

50

Quality of service

10

21

51

Tourist attitude

10

21

52

Perceived value

11

23

53

Motivation (pull; push)

11

23

54

Destination image (cognitive; emotional…)

23

48

55

Satisfaction

27

56


Total

48

100

34

Source: Author's calculation and synthesis

APPENDIX 04


OVERVIEW RESULTS OF RETURN INTENTION FACTORS CLASSIFIED BY INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH APPROACH


No. Group Observation variable

Number of review articles

(Dependent variable)

Number of times/per Rate

post (%)

1

Destination competitiveness

1

2

2

Ability to return

1

2

3

Destination preferences

1

2

4

Satisfaction

3

6

5

Loyalty

8

17

6

Intent

34

71


Total

48

100

Source: Author's calculation and synthesis

APPENDIX 05


OVERVIEW OF FACTORS AFFECTING INTENTION TO RETURN CLASSIFYING BY RESEARCH APPROACH IN VIETNAM



(Independent and Mediating Variables) Number of times/each

post

Proportion

(%)

1

Safety and security

1

3

2

Tourist atmosphere

1

3

3

Politics, economics

1

3

4

Human

1

3

5

Location

1

3

6

Necessary conditions

1

3

7

Staff uniform

1

3

8

Convenient transportation

1

3

9

Technical infrastructure

1

3

10

Affordable

1

3

11

Brand association

1

3

12

Brand awareness

1

3

13

Human Resources

1

3

14

Religious belief

1

3

15

Tourist scenery

1

3

16

Means of transport

1

3

17

Destination Management

1

3

18

Procedure

1

3

19

perceived risk

1

3

20

Destination appeal

1

3

21

Destination information

1

3

22

Word of mouth

1

3

23

Professionalism

1

3

24

Hygiene and environment

1

3

25

Recreational activities

2

6

26

Tour guide

2

6

27

tourism products/services

2

6

28

The difference

2

6

29

Attraction (natural; historical…)

2

6

30

Food, shopping

3

9

31

Quality of service

3

9

32

Subjective standard

3

9

33

Travel services

3

9

No. Group Observation variable

Number of review articles

Travel experience

3

9

35

Destination resources (tangible, intangible…)

3

9

36

Promotion and advertising

3

9

37

Entertainment

3

9

38

Motivation (pull; push)

4

11

39

Accessibility

4

11

40

Service price

5

14

41

Cognitive behavioral control

5

14

42

Tourism resources

5

14

43

Culture and society; history

5

14

44

Tourist attitude

6

17

45

Tourism environment

7

20

46

Satisfaction

7

20

47

Perceived value

9

26

48

Tourism infrastructure

12

34

49

Destination image (cognitive; emotional…)

22

63


Total

35

100

34

Source: Author's calculation and synthesis

APPENDIX 06


OVERVIEW RESULTS OF FACTORS OF INTENTION TO RE-VISIT TO DESTINATION CLASSIFIED BY RESEARCH APPROACH IN VIETNAM



Number of review articles

STT

Group of Observed Variables (Dependent Variables)

Number of times/each

post

Proportion

(%)

1

Attractiveness

1

3

2

Attractiveness of Tourism Resources

1

3

3

Destination competitiveness

1

3

4

Decide on a destination

2

6

5

Word of mouth

2

6

6

Satisfaction

5

14

7

Loyalty

7

20

8

Intention to return

16

46


Total

35

100

Source: Author's calculation and synthesis

APPENDIX 07


EXPERT OPINION DISCUSSION OUTLINE - ROUND 1

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH OF FACTORS AFFECTING RETURN INTENTION (2020)

To collect information for the project, I look forward to receiving your feedback through this interview. I assure you that these comments will only be used for research purposes. The discussion time is about 30 minutes. Thank you for taking the time to interview.

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTION

Name of interviewee: ……………………………..……….………… Contact phone number: ……………………………………………….…………… Position: ………………………………………………………..……………….. Unit: …………………………………………………….……………….…….

II. INTERVIEW CONTENT

Based on the research overview, I have established a thesis research model, therefore, this interview is an important information channel to help me form a scale of factors to design a questionnaire for the next step of the tourist survey. Please provide comments that need to be added, edited or removed for my suggestions on which of the following factors affect the intention to revisit the destination, specifically as follows:

1. Tourist attitudes towards the destination


Tourist attitudes towards a tourist destination are usually:


- Boring/ Fun

- Uncomfortable/ Pleasant

- Not enthusiastic/ Enthusiastic

- Careless/ cautious

- Another opinion about tourists' attitude towards a destination is: ………………

………………………..………………………………………………….…………………………

2. Tourists' subjective standards for destinations


People often tend to consult other people's opinions or through many information channels. So, the subjective factor of tourists towards a tourist destination is:

- Do you know any acquaintances who have been to destinations in this place?

- Family members of tourists think that they should choose these destinations for tourism.

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