Scientific Basis of Determining Vietnam Tourist Routes and Destinations, PhD Thesis in Geography and Geology, Hanoi University of Education

create conditions for all economic sectors to participate in tourism business with equal mechanisms for all enterprises. There must be product orientations to increase competitiveness and increase tourism business efficiency. There are market and investment orientations to develop sustainable tourism. The general orientation for TCLTDL in Xuyen Moc is in 3 main directions: West, East and South. The main tourism products in Xuyen Moc are: Ecotourism, resort tourism, sports tourism, entertainment tourism, reward tourism, research tourism. Based on those general orientations, the thesis also proposed solutions to develop tourism. The solutions to develop tourism in Xuyen Moc are solutions on tourism planning, solutions on capital and investment, solutions on human resources, solutions on tourism organization and management, solutions to create a tourism environment... Tourism planning must be reasonable to both exploit strengths for economic development and protect the environment. It is necessary to closely coordinate with training institutions to improve the quality of labor resources in Xuyen Moc. Strengthen community education to preserve and protect tourism resources and environment... these solutions need to be implemented synchronously to achieve high efficiency.

REFERENCES

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APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX

SYSTEM OF CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING DISTRICT-LEVEL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

(Dr. Nguyen Thi Mui [13])

1. Criteria system for evaluating tourist spots and areas

1.1.Location of tourist destination

The location of a tourist destination is an important criterion in attracting tourists. This criterion is assessed by: the distance from that tourist destination to Son La City, which is considered the center of gathering visitors from other places, and is also the focal point for implementing tours of the province, travel time and the time available for activities at that tourist destination. It can be determined by 4 levels: very convenient, quite convenient, normal and not convenient.

Very convenient : Distance from 10 to 100 km, travel time under 4 hours, can operate tourism from 8 months of the year or more.

Quite convenient : Distance from 100 to 150 km, travel time from 4 to 6 hours, can operate tourism from 6 to 8 months/year.

Average advantage : Distance from 150 to 300 km, travel time from 6 to 8 hours, can operate tourism from 4 to 6 months/year.

Disadvantages : Distance over 300 km, travel time over 8 hours, can operate tourism for less than 4 months/year.

1.2. Attractiveness of tourism resources

“Tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical and cultural relics, creative human works and other humanistic values that can be used to meet tourism needs, and are the basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities” [26].

The attractiveness of tourism resources is important in creating a tourist destination. Attractiveness is a comprehensive factor determined by the beauty of the landscape, terrain, climate and other unique features of the tourist destination that can be

meet many types of tourism. This criterion is divided into 4 levels: very attractive, quite attractive, average attractive and less attractive.

Very attractive: Tourist attractions with beautiful and diverse landscapes or special historical phenomena and relics, meeting more than 4 types of tourism.

Quite attractive: Tourist attractions have beautiful and diverse landscapes or special historical phenomena and relics, and can accommodate 3 to 4 types of tourism.

Average attraction: Tourist attractions have relatively beautiful scenery or historical phenomena and relics, and can accommodate 2 types of tourism.

Less attractive: Tourist attractions with beautiful scenery or phenomena, historical relics can meet 1 type of tourism. tourism service techniques

1.3. Infrastructure and technical facilities serving tourism

Tourism infrastructure includes a network of roads, communications, power supply and drainage systems. Technical facilities (CSVCKT) serving tourism include a system of restaurants, hotels, accommodation facilities, entertainment areas, sports facilities, medical facilities, etc.

Resources are the fundamental elements to create a tourist destination. Infrastructure and technical facilities create conditions to turn potential into reality.

Infrastructure plays a huge role in the formation and development of tourist destinations and clusters. In infrastructure, the most important factor is the network and means of transportation.

Tourism is associated with movement, leaving one's usual place of residence over a certain distance. There are attractive tourist resources but they cannot be exploited without a transportation system. Only with convenient transportation can tourism develop, and new tourist spots, clusters, and routes can be quickly formed.

However, to achieve high tourism revenue, great efficiency, and to keep tourists staying longer, the tourism infrastructure system is also very important, directly affecting the exploitation of resources and serving tourists.

Hotels, restaurants, shops, entertainment venues, etc. must meet the needs of tourists. The evaluation of infrastructure and technical facilities is based on the following main criteria:

- Convenience in travel for tourists;

- Convenience in terms of travel time during the year;

- The capacity of accommodation establishments to accommodate tourists;

- Level of ensuring comfort for tourists' rest (quality of accommodation facilities);

This criterion is also divided into 4 levels: good, fair, average and weak.

Good: Has a convenient traffic network, can travel all year round, has a hotel system that can accommodate over 500 people/day, has hotels that meet 2-star standards or higher.

Quite good: Has a convenient transportation network, can travel conveniently 8 months a year, has a system of motels and hotels that can accommodate from 300 to under 500 people/day, has 1-star hotels.

Average : Has a relatively convenient transportation network, can travel conveniently 6 months a year, has a system of motels and hotels that can accommodate from 100 to 300 people, has hotels that meet requirements.

Weak: Has an inconvenient transportation network, can only operate during the dry months, has a motel and hotel system that can accommodate less than 100 people, no hotels, only has a satisfactory motel system.

1.4. Synchronous combination between TNDL and facilities and infrastructure

If tourism is one of the basic factors that create a tourist area, then infrastructure and technical infrastructure create conditions to turn the potential of tourism into reality. There is a close relationship between these two criteria, influencing each other. If there is no infrastructure and technical infrastructure to serve tourism, tourism will forever remain only in the form of potential. On the contrary, if there is a lack of resources, there will be no tourism attraction, no tourism activities and no technical infrastructure to serve tourism. Therefore, the

The synchronous combination of these two factors is a criterion used to evaluate the convenience of tourist destinations.

This criterion is divided into 4 levels: good, fair, average and weak combination.

Good combination: Tourist destination has attractive natural resources, convenient transportation network, and a system of motels and hotels that can accommodate over 1,000 people/day.

Quite good combination : The tourist destination has quite attractive natural resources, convenient transportation network, and a system of motels that can accommodate from 500 to 1000 people/day.

Average combination: Tourist destination has relatively attractive natural resources, has a convenient transportation network, has a system of motels and hotels that can accommodate from 300 to 500 people/day.

Weak combination: Tourist destination has TNDL, but lacks infrastructure, motel and hotel system can accommodate less than 200 people/day or inconvenient transportation, can only operate less than 4 months/year.

1.5. Number of tourists

The number of visitors is a criterion reflecting the specific effectiveness of tourist attractions. The more visitors, the greater the tourism revenue. Tourism revenue is a criterion for evaluating the above criteria. Tourist attractions with favorable geographical locations, attractive tourism resources, and well-developed infrastructure and technical facilities have greater tourism revenue. This is a very important criterion for evaluating the level of exploitation of tourist attractions. This criterion is also divided into 4 levels:

Tourist attractions have a large number of visitors , over 200 people/day.

Tourist attractions with a fairly large number of visitors have from 100 to less than 200 people/day. Tourist attractions with an average number of visitors have from 50 to less than 100 people/day. Tourist attractions with a small number of visitors have less than 50 people/day.

1.6.Determine points for selection criteria

Each criterion is evaluated according to 4 levels, level 1 is very favorable 4 points, quite favorable 3 points, average favorable 2 points, unfavorable 1 point. Other criteria are also evaluated according to levels 4, 3, 2, 1. The criteria for classifying these factors are mainly applied from previous studies because there is high consensus.

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