Theoretical Basis of English Teaching Activities and Management of English Teaching Activities

Chapter 1. THEORETICAL BASIS OF ENGLISH TEACHING ACTIVITIES AND MANAGEMENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING ACTIVITIES

I'M IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

1.1. History of research on the issues

The issue of teaching activities and English teaching activities is of interest to many researchers, both domestically and internationally. We have studied and approached a number of research works on English teaching activities and English teaching activities in the country and abroad related to the topic in the following specific directions:

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1.1.1. Research projects abroad

Many famous educators in the world have studied educational activities to improve the quality of teaching. Many foreign authors have done a lot of research on teaching theory, many famous educators of the modern world especially attach importance to knowledge education associated with personality education, school education associated with social education.

Research documents on the history of world education, the views of famous educators in the world such as: JAKomensky believes that a proper education must be organized and operated in a way that adapts to nature, he also pointed out the basic requirements to ensure teaching activities in schools such as visual teaching, active teaching, close to students, using teaching aids. According to John Dewey, a famous American educator, he advocated relying on children's practical experiences. Teaching must stimulate interest, must let children explore independently, the teacher is both the designer and the advisor. According to John Dewey, the educational program must begin with and be built according to the interests of children; must create and strengthen the interaction between thinking and practical activities in the classroom of children; Teachers must be guides and collaborators with students instead of being taskmasters who constantly give students a pile of ready-made lessons and memorization; the goal of school is the maturity of children in all aspects (Ha Nhat Thang and Dao Thanh Tam, 1998).

In general, research on educational activities in general, English educational activities in particular and educational management in many countries has had great achievements, contributing to improving the quality of education.

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1.1.2. Domestic research projects

The plan to implement the Provincial Party Committee's Action Program to implement the Resolution of the 8th Conference of the 11th Party Central Committee on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization in the context of a socialist-oriented market economy and international integration, has specifically stated the following tasks and solutions: Continue to implement the innovation program on teaching foreign languages in the national education system, especially the program to improve the effectiveness of teaching, learning and using English; Innovate teaching methods and periodically assess learning and training results in the direction of promoting students' positivity, self-awareness, proactiveness, creativity and self-study capacity; replicate advanced teaching models and methods suitable to the conditions of general education development; continue to universalize education and build schools that meet national standards in association with improving the quality of education; Improve the quality of implementing the National Foreign Language Project 2020; Increase the number of foreign teachers invited to teach and interact with teachers and students in the province (People's Committee of Vinh Long province, 2016).

Instruction No. 1206/HD-SGDĐT on the implementation of English teaching at high school and junior high school levels according to the National Foreign Language Project 2020 for the 2017-2018 school year clearly states that schools implementing the English General Education Program according to the Project "Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in the National System for the 2008-2020 period" must have the minimum facilities as prescribed, have a team of teachers who have been trained and meet the requirements of minimum foreign language proficiency equivalent to level 4 (B2) and English teaching methods (Vinh Long Department of Education and Training, 2017).

Many authors have been interested in researching and compiling documents on teaching methods and innovating teaching methods, making important contributions to improving the quality of teaching and learning English in the international integration period of our country.

Through researching documents in the library of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, as well as referring to a number of research topics related to the topic, we wrote a master's thesis specializing in Educational Management such as:

- Master's thesis in Educational Management " The current situation of innovative management activities"

Teaching English at High Schools in Binh Duong” (Bui Thi Trieu Phuc, 2013).

- Master's thesis in Educational Management " The current situation of English teaching management in some secondary schools in District 6, Ho Chi Minh City and some solutions" (Vuong Van Cho, 2008).

- Master's thesis in Educational Management " The current situation of managing English teaching activities in the context of innovation at secondary school level, Dong Hung district, Thai Binh province" (Le Thi Tuyet, 2015).

From the requirements of innovation in Education and Training in general and innovation in teaching content and methods in particular, many authors have conducted in-depth research on the issue of innovation in teaching content according to methods that enhance modernity and link science with production and life practices, the issue of taking students as the center in teaching activities with specialized documents and textbooks on educational management science such as the work:

+ Science of general school management (Tran Kiem, 2002) .

+ Basic issues of Educational Management Science (Tran Kiem, 2008).

Decision No. 1400/QD-TTg approving the Project "Teaching and learning foreign languages in the national education system for the period 2008-2020" with seven key tasks, including: "Developing and implementing a new compulsory foreign language training program at the general education level to achieve the following levels: primary school graduates achieving level 1 according to KNLNN; secondary school graduates achieving level 2 according to KNLNN; high school graduates achieving level 3 according to KNLNN" according to the progress of each stage, the project gradually improves the quality of foreign language teaching and learning of teachers and students (Prime Minister, 2008).

Decision 01/QD-BGDDT (January 3, 2012) promulgated the pilot English General Education Program for junior high schools and directed the main direction in teaching English in junior high schools to develop students' ability to communicate in English in daily life situations, focusing on learning-centered methods. Students are active participants in the learning process and the role of teachers is to organize and guide the learning process of students. Students must

interact with teachers, classmates, textbooks, and other learning resources; Teachers need to organize many forms of classroom activities such as: individual practice, pair practice, group practice, and whole-class practice, design flexible learning tasks, with the ability to personalize, help students relate to their own lives and social environment, use their background knowledge and understanding in language practice, to enhance their sense of responsibility for their own learning, and at the same time train students in the spirit and ability to work in groups, initially form and practice some basic foreign language learning skills and strategies for students, apply diverse teaching aids, apply IT in designing learning activities (Ministry of Education and Training, 2012).

Thus, the management of English teaching activities in general schools is important and necessary. English teaching and management of English teaching activities are not uniform among different regions. There have been some studies on the management of English teaching activities in middle and high schools in some localities in the country. However, there has not been any in-depth research on the management of English teaching activities in middle schools in Tam Binh district, Vinh Long province. Therefore, within the limits of the topic, the author studies " Management of English teaching activities in middle schools in Tam Binh district, Vinh Long province".

1.2. Some concepts related to the research problem

1.2.1. English teaching activities

1.2.1.1. Teaching activities

According to Lam Quang Thiep: "Teaching activities are to help learners acquire knowledge and skills by themselves and form or change feelings and attitudes" (Lam Quang Thiep, 2008).

According to Nguyen Thi Thu Hien's research: "Teaching activities are activities carried out according to a designed strategy and program, affecting learners with the aim of forming and developing learners' qualities and abilities" (Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, 2016).

In schools, educational activities are one of the common activities of the overall pedagogical process. Educational activities are activities in which teachers are leaders, organizers, and controllers of teaching activities to achieve the set educational goals. Teachers are the subject of the teaching and learning process, guiding and helping learners to be self-aware, actively self-organize, and self-control their learning activities to carry out teaching and learning tasks. In the teaching and learning process, teachers' teaching activities play a leading role, students' learning activities play a self-aware, proactive, and positive role.

- Teaching is the process of transmitting information, receiving, processing and applying information.

- Teaching is a purposeful, sequential interaction between the teacher and the learner, in which the tasks of nurturing, educating and developing the learner are solved.

- Teaching is the entire activity of the teacher and the learner guided by the teacher to make the learner self-consciously grasp the system of knowledge, skills, techniques and in the process, develop cognitive capacity, action capacity and form the basis of world view.

- Teaching is a set of continuous and interpenetrating actions of teachers and students under the guidance of the teacher, aiming to bring students to the goal of teaching.

In short, teaching activities are the process of systematically gathering teaching activities and activities of teachers to guide, control, and organize learners to actively and voluntarily acquire scientific knowledge, skills, and techniques, thereby developing cognitive capacity, action capacity, and forming the basis of worldview to achieve the goals of teaching. The subject of educational activities is the teacher, the object of educational activities is the activities of students and the correlations between them.

1.2.1.2. English teaching activities

Author Tran Thi Huong and colleagues believe that: Educational activities (in the narrow sense) are activities in which, under the main influence of the educator, the educated person voluntarily, actively, and proactively educates himself to form and develop personality qualities suitable to the requirements of society (Tran Thi Huong, Nguyen Duc Danh, Ho Van Lien, Ngo Dinh Qua, 2015).

Based on the concept of educational activities, we can conceptualize: " Educational activities "

English teaching is an activity in which, under the main influence of the educational force, students voluntarily, actively, and proactively participate in learning English to achieve the ultimate goal of forming knowledge and skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in English and having a positive attitude in using English in learning and communication.

1.2.2. Managing English teaching activities

1.2.2.1. Management

There are many different concepts and perspectives on management:

- Nguyen Ngoc Quang said: " Management is the purposeful and planned impact of the management subject on the workers in general, the management object, to achieve the expected goals" (Nguyen Ngoc Quang, 1989, p. 18).

- Tran Kiem gives the definition: " Management is the work of effectively coordinating the activities of other associates in the same organization " (Tran Kiem, 2011, p.13).

From the above definition we see:

- Management is to achieve the set goals according to the manager's will;

- Management is the process of purposeful impact, method, organizational form, inspection and evaluation of the management subject on the object and subject of management;

- Management is to make the organization operate effectively through the functions of planning, organizing, directing and evaluating the work of members in the organization and using all available resources of the organization.

Along with the development of society, the personal needs of each person are also increasingly growing, demanding higher. People cannot satisfy their own needs, so they have to gather a number of other people to help them carry out activities according to the set requirements, achieving the goals they have planned. To develop and maintain the needs of themselves, of a group of people, of an organization in society, it is necessary to connect them together. Maintaining and connecting individuals and organizations requires a suitable system to perform well the set tasks, achieving the desired results. In this system, there must be assignment, coordination, and command to connect the tasks and activities of each person in the system. So the activity of connecting to achieve the set goals is called management.

From the common points of the above definitions, it can be understood that: Management is the organized, targeted impact of the management subject on the object and subject of management to achieve the set goals and make the organization operate effectively.

1.2.2.2. Managing English teaching activities

Tran Kiem gives the definition: " Educational management is understood as a system of voluntary (conscious, planned, systematic, and lawful) impacts of the management subject on the collective of teachers, employees, students, parents and social forces inside and outside the school to achieve the quality and effectiveness of the school's educational goals" (Tran Kiem, 2011, p.12).

Managing English teaching activities is the sum of the tasks of managers, teachers, education staff and students, including managing teaching preparation activities, managing English teaching implementation, managing innovation in teaching methods, using equipment and teaching aids by teachers in education, and managing activities of testing and evaluating learning outcomes, nurturing excellent students, tutoring weak students to best implement all stages in the English teaching process to improve the quality of English teaching and learning.

The management subjects of English teaching activities are school managers, professional groups, and teachers directly involved in teaching English. The management object is English teaching activities in secondary schools. Therefore, English teaching activities of teachers play a very important and necessary role.

Managing teaching activities in general as well as teaching English is one of the core contents in the school management system. Talking about managing teaching activities in English means synchronously implementing teaching preparation activities, managing the implementation of English teaching, managing the implementation of innovative teaching methods, using equipment and teaching aids of teachers in education, and managing the activities of testing and evaluating learning outcomes, nurturing excellent students, tutoring weak and poor students to implement English teaching in the actual conditions of the school.

Based on the theory of English teaching management, we

The concept can be stated as follows: Managing English teaching activities is a purposeful and planned activity of the management subject based on the English teaching process, from teaching preparation activities, managing the implementation of English teaching, managing the implementation of innovative teaching methods, using equipment and teaching aids of teachers in education, and managing the activities of testing and evaluating learning outcomes, nurturing excellent students, tutoring weak students to achieve the goals of English teaching activities.

1.3. Teaching English in junior high school

1.3.1. Objectives of teaching English in secondary schools

According to the training document on innovation in teaching methods of English in secondary schools of the Ministry of Education and Training, the purpose of teaching foreign languages is not to direct students to study the language system, but to help students use that language system as a communication tool, that is, to train students in communication skills. This communication skill is expressed by the ability to creatively use language rules to communicate in situations. Thus, the ultimate goal of learning a foreign language is not to know the system of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar, but to know how to use that system to achieve communication goals (Ministry of Education and Training, 2002).

Teaching and learning English in secondary schools aims to help students practice and develop their English communication skills proactively and confidently, creating the premise for using English as a tool in learning and in social life, contributing to forming lifelong learning habits, creating the basis for self-improvement to become responsible citizens in the period of international integration.

After completing the Secondary English Program, students can achieve English communication skills equivalent to Level A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

- Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of everyday life (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local community and work).

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