Management is both a science and an art. Therefore, managers must have management capacity and professional qualifications to proactively develop management solutions and direct effective implementation. They must know how to organize and manage with orientation based on specific rules, principles, and methods of operation and creatively apply those rules and principles to specific conditions and specific objects of the unit they manage. The important thing is that in using management methods, managers need to know how to coordinate many methods flexibly and creatively; should not absolutize any method, depending on the specific situation, know how to grasp and apply the advantages as well as minimize the disadvantages of each method, combine and apply them skillfully in proposing and organizing the implementation of measures to achieve optimal efficiency in the process of performing their management tasks to achieve management goals with the highest results.
3.1.3. Principle of ensuring inheritance
This principle requires the person proposing the management measures to inherit the measures that have been and are being implemented, avoid completely denying them and introducing completely new measures that are not based on the old measures. The new management measures must inherit the entire measures or the highlights and optimizations of those measures.
Inheritance represents the continuity between the past, present and future or specifically between what has been done, what is being done and the movement and development of management issues.
To ensure this principle, researchers and managers in practical guidance must see new points and management measures based on the foundation of the old management measures being implemented. At the same time, the proposed measures must keep up with and be consistent with the practice of educational management so that new management measures can be appropriate and meet the requirements of practice. Only by doing so in the principle of inheritance can managers have a dialectical view when perceiving and solving management problems.
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3.1.4. Principle of ensuring practicality
The proposed management measures must be consistent with the teaching and management practices of English teaching activities at Pakse College of Education, taking into account the objective and subjective conditions, circumstances and environment of the school, and the applicability of the measures in the present and future. The implementation of the measures must ensure the principles of teaching, not disrupt the organization, not change the training program, and ensure the gradual improvement of the quality of English teaching.
3.1.5. Principle of ensuring feasibility
The proposed management measures must be applicable to practical activities to innovate the management of English teaching activities of the school in a convenient way, become a reality and have results. To ensure feasibility, the proposed measures must be based on the specific capabilities and conditions of the school and be suitable to the current practice of English teaching.
3.2. Some measures to manage English teaching activities at Pakse Pedagogical College
3.2.1. Managing English teaching activities according to standards
3.2.1.1. Objectives of the measure
Strictly managing the implementation of professional regulations and building teaching and learning routines is necessary, creating a solid foundation for establishing order and discipline, creating a healthy, democratic, proactive, and positive working environment, and is also the basis for improving the quality of teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote the management of professional regulations among lecturers in order to improve the quality of teaching this subject.
Organize and manage the teaching activities of lecturers to effectively implement the goals, program content, and training plans set out, promote improvement and innovation in teaching methods in a student-centered direction, and promote students' creative learning spirit.
3.2.1.2. Content and method of implementing measures
Based on current state regulations, the framework program of the Ministry of Education and Sports, the charter of Pakse College of Education, the school's regulations and the department's regulations, the principal must organize for teachers, including English teachers, to study and master the content and professional regulations issued by the Lao Ministry of Education and Sports, the school's regulations and the department's professional regulations approved by the Board of Directors. At the same time, the principal must take measures to check and supervise the implementation of professional regulations by teachers to promptly remind and correct shortcomings. Specifically:
a. Management of teaching plan development
From the beginning of the school year, the Training Department develops a training plan, the number of classes, and training majors for the school year, reports to the Board of Directors, and notifies in writing the faculties and subject groups. Subject groups base on the guiding documents to develop teaching plans for the school year. The head of the department is responsible for reviewing and adjusting the plans of each lecturer in the group to suit the group's overall plan and reporting to the school's Board of Directors. After the plan has been approved, the lecturers must teach according to the plan.
To effectively manage the teaching plan, the head of the department must be the one to proactively propose a reasonable and scientific teaching management plan. The head of the department must assign teaching tasks to lecturers appropriately and must always be exemplary in implementing the professional plan of the department, regularly urge and motivate lecturers in the department to implement the proposed plan well, promptly request the school to commend lecturers who perform well and remind lecturers who do not perform well to make adjustments to ensure the quality and progress of teaching.
b. Managing the implementation of the lecturer's teaching program
To implement the teaching program to achieve the subject's objectives, right from the beginning of the school year, the Board of Directors, the head of the foreign language department, and the head of the English department must thoroughly inform the lecturers of the objectives and content of the program and
Specific teaching methods of the department. Based on the distribution of the program and detailed program content of the English subject of each training major, the Board of Directors, heads of departments, and heads of groups must regularly monitor, remind, check and evaluate the implementation of the teaching program of lecturers through class books, lesson plans, etc. to ensure that all lecturers correctly and fully implement the teaching program of the English department.
The school board should encourage teachers to be proactive and creative in the process of preparing English lessons. Teachers should not be forced to rely entirely on the content of the lessons in the textbook, but must ensure that they convey the core knowledge of the lesson.
Support teachers to overcome difficulties in implementing the English teaching program.
c. Manage lesson plan preparation
Preparing lesson plans by lecturers before class is a very important step that determines the quality of teaching hours in class. Managing the preparation of lesson plans by lecturers must ensure the following requirements:
- The lecture objectives must be student-oriented, consistent with the overall objectives of the program as well as the content and implementation conditions.
- The lesson plan must ensure accuracy in knowledge content, must highlight key language knowledge, the examples given must be easy to understand, practical, and suitable for the students' level.
- The structure of the lecture must be logical and scientific, the language must be clear and easy to understand.
- The skill training part must promote students' positivity, initiative and creativity, helping students reproduce the knowledge they have learned.
To effectively manage lesson plan preparation, the school board needs to delegate management to the head of the professional group to sign and approve lesson plans. The head of the professional group must be responsible for the content and quality of the signed and approved lesson plans.
d. Innovation in managing lecturers' class time
Managing lecturers' class hours helps the Board of Directors and group leaders grasp the lecturers' teaching progress. Managers need to thoroughly inform lecturers of the specific requirements for class hours, which are:
- The lecture must follow the program distribution.
- Lesson content must be complete and accurate, teaching methods must be appropriate to the lecture, and must fully convey the knowledge content in the lesson to the students in the class.
- During class time, lecturers must effectively manage the classroom, direct and organize so that all students voluntarily participate in learning activities. Lecturers need to promote students' positivity, initiative and creativity, and encourage them to enthusiastically carry out their learning tasks.
The head of the department together with the dean of the faculty shall monitor, detect and promptly correct irresponsible lecturers. This activity must be carried out regularly to influence the efforts of lecturers, in order to improve the quality of English teaching.
It is possible to monitor, inspect and evaluate the lecturer's teaching hours through classroom visits and class observations. Inspecting and evaluating the effectiveness of lecturers' teaching hours must be objective and flexible to help lecturers recognize their own strengths and weaknesses in lesson preparation, thereby being able to overcome shortcomings and promote strengths to improve the quality of lesson preparation.
e. Directing teachers to innovate teaching methods
The teaching method of the lecturer guides the learning method of the students. The current trend of teaching English is to take the learner as the center and focus on training communication skills for students. The innovation of the method is determined according to the trend of activating the learning activities of the learners. It is necessary to change the monologue teaching method which focuses on presentation and explanation.
to teaching methods that encourage independence and creativity in learners.
To innovate the English teaching methods of lecturers, in the management work, the school board needs to:
- The department and lecturers must direct the teaching and learning process of English to focus on four skill goals: listening, speaking, reading, writing and developing students' English thinking ability.
- Instructing the subject group and lecturers in the process of teaching English, they need to diversify student activities, create maximum conditions for students to work individually or in groups in class in a positive and proactive manner, promoting the creativity of each student. Lecturers should respect students' thoughts, have a tactful and friendly treatment towards each student in learning activities.
- Directing faculties and departments to create the most favorable conditions for English lecturers to focus on investing, improving and innovating teaching methods.
Vice Principals in charge of professional matters, Deans, and heads of departments must pay close attention to and grasp the strengths and weaknesses of teaching methods in the subject in order to disseminate new techniques and methods of teaching English, and update information on English teaching methods for the teaching staff. Measures must be taken to overcome barriers in innovating teaching methods.
f. Managing professional activities of the department
To effectively manage the professional activities of the English department, the school's Board of Directors needs to:
- Direct the department head and professional group leader to plan weekly and monthly professional activities scientifically and in detail, direct and operate activities according to the proposed plan, receive feedback from lecturers, analyze and synthesize lecturers' opinions to propose solutions to existing problems in the group's teaching work.
- Directing the professional team to implement some contents in professional activities such as: improving and innovating program content in the direction of reducing theory, increasing practical exercises, drawing experience on English teaching methods, organizing learning for students...
- Assign someone to work with English lecturers to understand the main content of teaching work with its own characteristics and have appropriate and timely guidance.
- Always exchange and learn experiences in managing foreign language teaching activities with other schools, apply learned experiences creatively, suitable to the actual teaching conditions of the school.
g. Organizing extracurricular English activities
English extracurricular activities are an opportunity for students to explore their own abilities such as: presenting their views in front of a crowd, helping students to be more confident in the spirit of learning while playing, playing while learning, thereby helping students more easily access and remember the learning content. In addition, extracurricular activities also train students to communicate openly, students can interact during class and understand each other better.
To organize extracurricular activities in English for students, in addition to the attention and creation of all conditions from the Board of Directors, lecturers must have the capacity, methods of organizing extracurricular activities, understanding student psychology, preparing complete and detailed extracurricular lesson plans, and knowledge appropriate to the extracurricular subjects. The basic steps to organize an effective extracurricular program in English include:
- The school's Board of Directors directs the foreign language department to create a research plan, build extracurricular English hours in the school's vocational training program and apply them to each course.
- Direct the foreign language department to develop plans, content, and forms of extracurricular activities suitable for each training profession, and review and approve extracurricular plans right from the beginning of the school year.
- Lecturers, based on the approved plan, fully implement the required content for extracurricular activities, be proactive and creative in activities.
activities to bring the highest efficiency to extracurricular activities. Through extracurricular activities, build a movement to learn English well, commend and reward students with good achievements in learning English.
3.2.1.3. Implementation conditions
- The Board of Directors, management staff, and English group leaders must always self-study, self-improve, and participate in training courses on teaching management to improve management capacity; clearly understand professional regulations and have the ability to organize lecturers to implement the regulations well.
- The Board of Directors, management staff, and English group leaders must regularly update information related to management work.
3.2.2. Innovating English teaching methods towards developing practical and real-world skills for students
3.2.2.1. Objectives of the measure
- Educate students on the right spirit, attitude and motivation to learn English.
- Help students realize the importance of English to the country and themselves.
- Develop students' ability to self-study English.
- Based on the quality, results and English learning methods of students, lecturers adjust teaching methods and orient learning methods for students appropriately to improve the quality of English learning.
3.2.2.2. Content and implementation of measures
a. Educate students on the right spirit, attitude, and motivation to learn English, help them see the importance of learning English for their future careers, and motivate them to try harder in their studies.