Geography. The territorial perspective holds that geographical objects distributed in a certain territory will have their own characteristics. It is this territorial differentiation that has formed socio-economic conditions, natural and human resources with unique characteristics for each territory. Thus, to bring high efficiency in tourism development, it is necessary to find the differences in each territorial unit, thereby proposing appropriate tourism development directions, creating tourism products typical of the territory in order to exploit strengths and overcome limitations.
Thoroughly grasping the "Territorial" viewpoint when researching the topic "Human tourism resources of Khmer people in Soc Trang province - Current status and solutions", it is necessary to find out the territorial differences of phenomena, to find the unique features of the research territory.
Synthetic perspective
The synthetic perspective is essentially the application of the dialectical perspective in Geography. Tourism is a synthetic economic sector, related to many different sectors and fields. The effectiveness of tourism development is related to economic, social, environmental efficiency and sustainable development of ecosystems. The synthetic perspective allows studying the problem on the basis of fully understanding the interdependent relationships in the development process of objects in the same territory. Thus, when studying the topic of human tourism resources of the Khmer people in Soc Trang province, it is necessary to consider things and phenomena in the relationship of impact between them, avoiding separating or considering them individually. Maybe you are interested!
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Historical perspective - perspective
The phenomena that Geography studies are historical phenomena, meaning that they move and develop over time. Thus, thoroughly understanding the historical perspective, when researching this topic, it is necessary to understand the historical origins of the Khmer people in the Southwest region in general and in Soc Trang in particular, as well as the issue of developing the human resources of the Khmer people in tourism.
Parallel to the historical perspective is the perspective, which, simply put, is the prediction or forecast of the movement of phenomena based on scientific foundations. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the historical perspective - perspective.
to analyze and thoroughly explain the nature of local tourism development in each stage of socio-economic development.
Sustainable development perspective
This is a comprehensive and directional viewpoint in the study of socio-economic development in general and tourism in particular. The viewpoint of sustainable development requires that when analyzing, evaluating and proposing tourism development, attention must be paid to ensuring the harmony of all three aspects: Economy, society and environment. In this topic, sustainable development is considered both a research viewpoint and a research objective. With this topic, in addition to assessing the current status of human resources of the Khmer people in Soc Trang province, providing orientations and solutions for development must be based on the viewpoint of sustainable development.
5.2. Research methods
Methods of collecting and processing data and documents
In scientific research, collecting and processing documents is an indispensable task. Basically, science develops based on the inheritance and accumulation of past achievements. After collecting documents, the author processes and analyzes the documents according to the basic content of the topic. The sources of documents used in the topic are very rich, including monographs, related documents on tourism, statistical data of agencies and departments, some theses, dissertations, research topics of previous authors, some magazines, electronic newspapers, some legal documents, reports, etc. Also because the sources of documents are very diverse, in the process of collecting, the author must know how to select and rely on reliable sources, from which to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, compare phenomena logically and systematically, avoiding having a distorted view.
Systemic analysis method
In the process of implementing the topic, the skillful application of the method of synthesis and system analysis brings certain results. When collecting and processing data, it is very important to filter information accurately, have a systematic connection, know how to chain the issues from which will have a comprehensive overview of the problem that the author is researching.
Field method
This is a traditional method of Geography, widely used in Tourism Geography for the purpose of accumulating practical documents, verifying the accuracy of reality compared to books, there is a saying "A hundred hearings are not as good as seeing once" to evaluate the important role of this method. It can be said that this is the only method to obtain reliable information. By implementing the field method, the author has a practical basis to compare and verify the authenticity of the research problem.
During the implementation of the topic, the author will conduct a survey in Soc Trang province to learn in the most authentic way about the humanistic tourism resources of the Khmer people, cultural values, and characteristics. From there, it will help enrich the topic with documents, giving a sharper view of the Khmer people from different angles.
Map method
This is a typical method of Geography, the map is considered the "Language" of Geography. This method has existed since the birth of Tourism Geography as a science. Through the map, we can know the location of resources, tourism facilities such as traffic systems, accommodation facilities, etc. Besides, the map is also a means to visually represent and generalize some research objects. In the process of researching and implementing the topic, the author used administrative maps, maps of humanistic tourism resources and maps of the current status of tourism development of the Khmer people in Soc Trang province to make the topic more vivid and intuitive.
Expert method
Expert method is a method of investigation through the assessment of experts on a problem or a scientific event. In essence, this is a method of using intelligence, exploiting the assessment opinions of highly qualified experts to consider and assess, thereby finding the optimal solution to that problem.
This method is very necessary for the author, because during the research process, the author encounters difficulties in both acceptance and evaluation of results, even in the process of proposing research hypotheses and consolidating arguments...
To effectively use this method, the author has selected the right experts with capacity and experience in the research field, and has asked for support from departments under the People's Committee, Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Soc Trang province, so that the author's topic has a more objective and profound view.
6. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the main content of the thesis includes 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis of tourism and human tourism resources. Chapter 2: Evaluation of human tourism resources of Khmer people in
Soc Trang
Chapter 3: Orientation and solutions to effectively exploit the humanistic tourism resources of the Khmer people in Soc Trang.
Chapter 1. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF TOURISM AND HUMANITARIAN TOURISM RESOURCES
1.1. General theoretical basis
1.1.1. Some general concepts
Concept of tourism
The first traces of human travel appeared in ancient Greece and Rome (from about the 8th - 7th century BC to the 5th century AD). At that time, although the concept of "Tourism" had not yet been born, trips with the purpose of tourism had appeared. Tourism at this time mostly belonged to the wealthy class, to visit architectural works, create art, experience new cultures and cuisines...
Nowadays, tourism has become a popular form of human activity, bringing high economic efficiency and holding an important position in the national economy.
So where does the term tourism come from? What is tourism? There are many ways to understand it from different perspectives, below are some basic approaches to the concept of tourism.
According to some scholars, tourism originates from the Greek word “Tonos” which means to go around. This term was Latinized into “Turnur”, then “Tour” (French) meaning to go around, to stroll. And “Tourist” is a person who goes for a walk. According to Robert Langquar (1980), the word “Tourism” first appeared in English in 1800 and was internationalized so many countries used it without translating the meaning. However, some other scholars believe that the term tourism originates from the French word “Le tour”, which means a journey to a certain place and back, then this root word influenced the whole world… We see that the origin of the term tourism is not unified, in the most basic understanding, tourism means a journey in a circle, from one place to another and back.
The term “Tourism” first appeared in England in 1811. It is defined as follows: “Tourism is the harmonious combination of theory and practice.
of journeys for recreational purposes”, the above definition emphasizes entertainment as a factor that strongly influences tourism activities.
According to the International Union of Official Travel Organizations (IUOTO) founded in the Netherlands in 1925, the term "Tourism" is understood as the act of traveling to a place other than one's usual place of residence for purposes other than business, that is, not to do a job or earn a living...
Two scholars Hunziker and Krapf, considered as the founders of the theory of tourism supply and demand, gave the definition: "Tourism is a set of relationships and phenomena arising from the journeys and stays of non-local people, if that stay does not become permanent residence and is not related to profit-making activities", the above concept has expressed relatively fully and comprehensively the phenomena of tourism. However, it has not clarified the characteristics of the phenomena and tourism relationships (economic, political, social, cultural ...).
At the UN conference on tourism held in Rome - Italy (August 21 - September 5, 1963), experts gave the following definitions of tourism: Tourism is the sum of relationships, phenomena and economic activities arising from the journeys and stays of individuals or groups outside their usual place of residence or outside their country for peaceful purposes. The place they come to stay is not their place of work.
In 1985, II Pirojnik stated that “Tourism is a form of leisure time activity of people related to temporary movement and stay outside the usual place of residence for the purpose of rest, medical treatment, physical and mental development, raising the level of awareness - culture or sports accompanied by the consumption of natural, economic and cultural values”.
In June 1991, in Ottawa (Canada), the International Conference on Tourism Statistics defined: "Tourism is the activity of a person traveling to a place outside his or her usual environment (regular residence), for a period of time less than the period specified by tourism organizations, the purpose of the trip is not to conduct activities to earn money within the area visited".
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) introduced the concept of tourism at the 27th conference (1993) as follows: "Tourism is the activity of traveling to a place other than the usual living environment of people and staying there for sightseeing, resting, entertainment or for other purposes other than activities for remuneration in the destination with a continuous period of less than 1 year".
According to Article 4, Chapter I, Vietnam Tourism Law 2005 issued on June 14, 2005, "Tourism is the activity of a person traveling outside his/her usual place of residence to meet the needs of sightseeing, learning, entertainment, and relaxation within a certain period of time".
Through studying the concepts of tourism, we can see that there are differences but they have gradually improved over time. From the perspective of changes in the space of tourists: Tourism is one of the forms of temporary movement from one region to another, from one country to another without changing the place of residence or workplace. From the economic perspective: Tourism is an economic and service sector whose mission is to serve the needs of sightseeing, entertainment and relaxation, with or without combining with medical activities, sports, scientific research and other needs.
Thus, we see that tourism is an activity with many characteristics, including many participating components, forming a very complex whole. It has both economic and socio-cultural characteristics. In the current context of our country, the definition presented in the Vietnam Tourism Law is the most commonly used.
Concept of tourism resources
Resources in the broad sense include all sources of raw materials, energy and information on Earth and in space that humans can use to serve their lives and development.
It can be said that tourism resources are a special form of resources in general, tourism resources for each type have their own characteristics, not everything in the natural or socio-cultural whole can be tourism resources. Therefore, just like the concept of tourism, up to now there has not been any
Although there is a consensus on the term "Tourism Resources", there have been different approaches by researchers to this term.
According to II Pirojnik (1985), “Tourism resources are natural, cultural-historical complexes and their components that help restore and develop human physical strength, energy, working capacity and health, which are used directly or indirectly to create tourism services associated with current or future needs and within economic-technical conditions”.
Ngo Tat Ho (2000) said that "All natural and human societies that have the ability to attract tourists, can be used for tourism, can produce economic, social and environmental effects can be called tourism resources".
Vietnam Tourism Law (2005) stipulates in Article 4, Chapter I: “Tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical - cultural relics, creative works of human labor and other human values that can be used to meet tourism needs, and are the basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities”.
According to Tran Duc Thanh and colleagues (2014 ), tourism resources are natural formations, natural properties, works and products created by human intelligence, along with their aesthetic, historical, cultural, spiritual, entertainment, economic values... that are attractive to tourists and are exploited to meet tourism needs.
We see that there is a basic similarity between the above concepts, which is that they all refer to natural, social, and cultural factors created by humans and the natural world that can be used to create strong attraction for tourists.
There is an approach to the term "Tourism resources" that, according to the author, is a synthesis of the above concepts but still has its own characteristics that are very suitable for the current context in Vietnam, that is the definition of Nguyen Minh Tue (editor-in-chief) and the group of authors who believe that: "Tourism resources are the natural, cultural - historical wholes and their components that are attractive to tourists; have been, are and will be exploited, as well as protected to meet the needs of tourism effectively and sustainably".