bridging training programs, serving the feasible and effective streaming of students after junior high school. The Ministry of Education and Sports and the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare coordinate in leading and directing training institutions to cooperate and develop bridging training programs, creating conditions for streaming in the national education system, including: 1) Vertical bridging education programs from junior high school to high school and then to college/or university; 2) Vertical bridging from junior high school to intermediate school, from intermediate school to college/or college to university; 3) At the same time, it is necessary to develop horizontal bridging training programs from intermediate training programs of one field/training sector to intermediate level training programs of another field/training sector/or cross-linking to college and university training programs of another field/training sector.
However, to be able to implement training streams according to joint training programs, especially joint training conducted at different training institutions, is a very complicated issue, requiring ensuring the condition that the joint training programs and degrees granted by the training institutions must be recognized by each other. To solve this problem, the Ministry of Education and Sports and the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare need to develop and issue an inter-ministerial Circular on joint training; sign agreements on joint training/ or direct vocational education and career guidance institutions to directly sign agreements on coordination in developing/recognizing joint training programs, avoiding "forced joint training", in the style of "forced marriage", which is not substantial, leading to difficulty in implementation and ineffectiveness.
Fifth, regulate the distribution of students after graduating from junior high school through college and university admission policies.
Adjusting the distribution of students after junior high school through the state's regulatory policies on human resource training, especially in university admissions and vocational education, such as applying the policy of reducing the scale of university admissions, at the same time, increasing the floor score and adjusting policies, raising the admission conditions to universities will contribute significantly to improving the quality of university admissions, in accordance with the practical capacity of the teaching staff, facilities and teaching aids, etc., overcoming the situation of university graduates Maybe you are interested!
Vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao People's Democratic Republic today - 1
Vocational training and education regime according to Vietnamese labor law - 12
Managing general vocational training activities at Hanoi General Technical Education Center No. 5 in the current period - 2
Management of general vocational training at the Center for Vocational Education - Continuing Education of Hoa An district, Cao Bang province - 16
Developing human resources in the field of tourism training and vocational training in Lam Dong province - 11
graduates cannot find jobs, or have jobs that are not suitable for their major and level of training. At the same time, this policy will contribute to increasing the source of enrollment in vocational education institutions, gradually overcoming the situation of enrollment in vocational secondary schools and colleges for many years not meeting the assigned targets. The Ministry of Education and Sports and the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare assign enrollment targets to colleges and universities through strict and scientific appraisal of university and college enrollment projects developed by the schools, based on: 1) The needs of society, the labor market and employment, the employment situation of graduates through the results of surveys following the traces of graduates; 2) The actual capacity of schools, conditions to ensure training quality, such as training programs, teaching staff, facilities and teaching aids, etc. The Ministry of Education and Sports and the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare must have a monitoring mechanism to ensure that the registration and assignment of enrollment quotas are implemented in a practical manner.
Sixth, strengthen national policies for workers with vocational education qualifications.
The State needs to research and innovate labor, employment, salary and other policies for workers with vocational education to ensure their material and spiritual life, policies to honor, encourage, reward and motivate them to confidently stick with and dedicate themselves to their chosen profession. Along with innovating policies in human resource training, the State and agencies and enterprises need to innovate human resource recruitment policies, shifting the focus from recruitment based on qualifications to recruitment based on job position needs, based on the actual capacity of candidates. Improve the quality of career education, implement school counseling activities for junior high school students to orient their careers; develop programs and organize differentiated teaching in the direction of self-selection in junior high school.
Implementing the vocational education program and experiential activities in the new approved General Education Program. Organizing vocational education activities associated with practical experiential activities, associated with local production, business and service activities; providing study and
career counseling; integrate career education content into the curriculum of subjects and educational activities. At the same time, secondary schools organize differentiated teaching in the direction of self-selection of subjects suitable to the abilities, needs and interests of students, according to the regulations of the educational program suitable to the chosen career in the future. Strengthen coordination between secondary schools and educational management agencies, vocational education institutions, enterprises and traditional craft villages in career education activities for students and receive students after graduating from secondary school to continue studying at vocational education institutions.
Building an information system and database on: 1) The world of careers, labor market, jobs and forecasts/trends, labor market and labor market and employment needs; opportunities for starting a business, finding a job; job position descriptions and recruitment and employment information by industry and occupation corresponding to each region and area to serve career education and academic counseling activities for students; 2) Database on primary, secondary, vocational college and university training facilities; industries, occupations and training programs, orientation for high school students; policies for learners and training in vocational education.
Seventh, improve the quality and effectiveness of vocational education at all levels from elementary to intermediate and college; link training with employment, meet the needs of businesses, enhance the brand of schools, increase the attractiveness and attract students to vocational education institutions. In order to implement the stream, attract junior high school graduates to study at intermediate level, it is especially important that vocational education institutions themselves increase their attractiveness to students and parents, attract junior high school graduates to study through improving the quality and effectiveness of training, strengthening the conditions to ensure quality and innovating training organization; link training with employment and the labor market, increase the rate of vocational education graduates who have jobs and work in the right field of training.
Chapter 4 Summary
To improve the quality of education and vocational training in human resource development in the Lao PDR today, in addition to fully identifying the current situation to have assessments and summaries, the Lao Party and State have also identified a system of basic viewpoints and solutions to implement this content. Recognizing the importance of the system of viewpoints and solutions of the Party and State for improving the quality of education and vocational training in human resource development, in chapter 4, the author has proposed viewpoints and some basic solutions of an orientational nature.
Based on the viewpoints that must be thoroughly understood, it is necessary to implement well a number of basic solutions to improve the quality of vocational education and training in developing human resources to serve the cause of socio-economic development of Laos. That is a system of solutions on awareness; innovation in content, programs, methods, forms of vocational education and training, leadership, management, mechanisms, policies, teaching staff, etc. Each of the above solutions will contribute to overcoming the limitations of vocational education and training in Laos in each field in the past time, at the same time, continue to improve the quality of vocational education and training to perform well the role of training, providing human resources through training, high-quality human resources to meet the requirements of the innovation process and promoting industrialization and modernization of the country in Laos today.
Each solution is relatively independent, but there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, to improve the quality of education and vocational training in human resource development in Lao PDR in the coming time, it is necessary to synchronously implement the above solutions.
CONCLUDE
1. Human resources play a great role, both as a goal and a driving force of socio-economic development. Human resource development is the overall activities of the subjects to build human resources with quantity meeting requirements, increasingly high quality and appropriate structure, at the same time, arousing and promoting the role of human resources in the cause of innovation, promoting industrialization, modernization and international integration in the Lao PDR today.
2. Education and training in general, vocational education and training in particular, play a particularly important and decisive role in the development of human resources in the Lao PDR today. Accordingly, vocational education and training will provide human resources and workers with technical expertise and professional skills to meet the requirements and demands of different types of work. Therefore, the requirement of vocational education and training in the development of human resources today is to ensure the unity between theory and practice, learning and doing; developing and perfecting the personality and professional ethics of people - human resources that meet the requirements of national development, and are able to adapt to the domestic and international environment.
3. The achievements in education and vocational training in human resource development in Laos in recent years deeply demonstrate the attention and efforts of the Party, the State, all levels, sectors, the political system and the whole society in the cause of "growing people". That has contributed significantly and decisively to the achievements of the cause of national renewal initiated and led by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (since 1986). However, Laos' education in general, and vocational education and training in particular, still have a gap with the world and the region, and have not yet met the requirements of human resource development with guaranteed quality; at the same time, many limitations and shortcomings in education and vocational training in human resource development need to be thoroughly understood and well resolved in the development process to improve the quality of education and vocational training in human resource development to meet the requirements of the labor market and the socio-economic development of the country.
4. Promoting the role of education and vocational training in human resource development in the Lao PDR in the new period, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp and implement the viewpoint: education and training are the "top priority"; developing education and training in conjunction with the Socio-Economic Development Strategy; National Human Resource Development Strategy to 2025. This is both the direction, motto and basic guiding viewpoint, which needs to be correctly understood and thoroughly grasped in implementing solutions to improve the quality of education and vocational training in human resource development in the Lao PDR today.
5. To overcome the shortcomings, the thesis has provided orientations and proposed some solutions for policy makers, lawmakers, vocational education and training institutions and the whole society to improve the quality of vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao PDR today. Accordingly, the author has proposed 6 basic solutions: First, raise awareness for subjects about the important position and role of vocational education and training in human resource development; Second, promote innovation in content, programs, methods, and forms of vocational education and training to develop human resources in vocational education institutions; Third, innovate leadership and management of vocational education and training; supplement and perfect mechanisms and policies to improve the quality of vocational education and training; Fourth, improve the quality of teachers; promote the autonomy, initiative and creativity of learners; Fifth, focus on investing in advanced vocational education and training facilities; strengthen international cooperation, promote socialization of vocational education and training with businesses; Sixth, orientate the flow of junior high school students into vocational education and training.
The above solutions are basic solutions directly related to all subjects and objects of vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao PDR. The solutions are closely related to each other, implementing one solution well will contribute to implementing another solution well and vice versa. They need to be applied flexibly, specifically and appropriately in practice, especially in vocational education and training institutions to promote the highest and most effective role of vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao PDR during the reform period.
comprehensively renew the country, promote industrialization, modernization and international integration, contribute to realizing the highest goals of the Party, the State, the nation and each individual, thereby building a strong country, rich people, a united, harmonious, democratic, equitable and civilized society.
6. Vocational education and training with human resource development is a major national issue, requiring careful research on a large scale, with the investment of many scientists in many fields, especially the field of education and training in general, vocational education and training in particular. The requirement for its implementation is to have a truly scientific, specific, and appropriate strategy, program, and plan. This thesis hopes to make a certain contribution to the above issue of special importance.
AUTHOR'S SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS
1. Phonvilay Phomviengxay (2020), “The current situation of skilled labor development in the Lao PDR” , Journal of Political and Administrative Theory, Lao National Academy of Politics and Public Administration, No. 183, September 2020, pp. 7-12, 30.
2. Phonvilay Phomviengxay (2021), “Factors affecting vocational education and training in human resource development in the Lao PDR today”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, No. 21/2021, pp.59-64.
3. Phonvilay Phomviengxay (2021), “The Role of Education and Vocational Training in Human Resources Development in the Lao PDR”, Journal of Philosophy, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Philosophy, No. 5/2021.
4. Phonvilay Phomviengxay (2021), “Current situation and some solutions for vocational education and training to develop highly skilled labor resources in the Lao PDR”, Journal of Socialism - Theory and Practice, Institute of Scientific Socialism, Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, No. 3 (13) 2021, pp.66-70.