The Research Topic Has Contributed to Systematizing the Theoretical and Practical Basis of Organizational Forms of Tea Production Territory in the Direction of Development

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. CONCLUSION

The Northeast region is the largest tea region in the country today, where nearly 60% of the tea growing area is concentrated compared to the whole country. However, the forms of territorial organization of tea production in the region with small-scale tea production, unhealthy competitive environment, imbalance between raw material production and processing, unmanaged product quality, and low living standards of tea growers. Therefore, research on sustainable development of territorial organization forms of tea production in the Northeast region is one of the important requirements, contributing to the sustainable development of the tea industry in the region.

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In recent years, research on issues of production organization and distribution of tea production nationwide, as well as in the Northeast region of the North, has not been adequately addressed. Research works in this field are few and have only addressed each aspect of the problem. In this thesis, the author raises the issue of theoretical and practical research on the potential, current situation and proposes a number of solutions for sustainable development of forms of territorial organization of tea production in the Northeast region. The thesis has solved a number of theoretical and practical issues as follows:

1. The research topic has contributed to systematizing the theoretical and practical basis of the forms of territorial organization of tea production towards sustainable development.

- In theory: the thesis has clarified the difference in the study of the forms of territorial organization of tea production with previous studies on the organization of agricultural production territory, that is, considering the forms of territorial organization of tea production in the market economy conditions, which are the vertical organic linkage between the actors participating in the tea industry value chain and the horizontal linkage between tea production areas and other areas.

Processing and consumption through effective implementation of infrastructure development, provision of public services such as industrial and agricultural promotion, trade promotion to form tea regions according to comparative advantages.

Six main factors influencing the development of territorial organization forms for tea production towards sustainable development in the Red River Delta region have been found: natural conditions; production knowledge and experience; techniques and technology in production and processing; public investment and public services contributing to the creation of tea production areas; product consumption markets; policy mechanisms for tea industry development.

The thesis has established a research approach and an analytical framework. It has clarified how to select research sites, research samples, methods of information collection, information processing and methods of information analysis.

- In practice, the research analyzed the forms of territorial organization of tea production in some countries with large tea production in the world, showing that these countries have highly specialized in tea production and consumption. Raw tea production is mainly undertaken by households and farms, while processing and consumption are undertaken by tea companies and corporations.

2. The research topic has analyzed and evaluated the current status of territorial organization forms of tea production in the Northeast.

The thesis analyzed the natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, and advantages in tea production in the Northeast region. From there, it analyzed the current status of the forms of territorial organization of tea production in the Northeast region. The forms of tea production organization in the Northeast region were studied from two perspectives: vertical and horizontal linkages of the territorial organization of tea production.

Through analyzing the current status of the development of the forms of territorial organization of tea production in the Red River Delta, a number of issues need to be resolved such as: small production area, old varieties, unsuitable cultivation methods, limited investment capital capacity, and difficult access to loans; In the processing stage, there are too many processing facilities, the total processing capacity of many industrial processing plants exceeds the supply capacity of the raw material area, leading to unfair competition and waste of the region's resources; Regarding the issue of consumption and export of tea products in the region, there are still many difficulties.

3. The research topic has proposed a number of solutions to develop and perfect the forms of territorial organization of tea production towards sustainability in the Northeast region of the North:

(1) Solutions to develop horizontal forms of tea production organization: it is necessary to focus on solving well the planning and implementation of planning, investing in infrastructure construction, industrial and agricultural promotion and trade promotion; (2) Solutions to develop vertical forms of tea production organization: it is necessary to implement well the solution of fair distribution of added value in income in the tea industry value chain in the Red River Delta and the solution of sustainable development of tea production organization forms in the Red River Delta; (3) Perfecting a number of macroeconomic policies to sustainably develop tea production organization forms. (4) Perfecting public investment and public service policies to contribute to creating tea production areas. (5) Improving capacity for tea production organization forms in the region

2. PROPOSAL

To facilitate the development and improvement of the forms of territorial organization of tea production in the Northeast region towards sustainable development, the author would like to propose the following contents:

1) For the Government

- Credit policy: for households producing raw tea: provide loans for investment in new planting with preferential interest rates. However, households must ensure tea varieties and planting areas according to land planning and product development orientation of each locality. Allow tea-growing households to borrow capital by credit for tea gardens, and stipulate a longer repayment period than loans for investment in other fields.

Managing industrial processing facilities through credit lending: Enterprises wishing to borrow capital for new investments must have their own raw material areas that meet 70% of the factory's capacity needs, must build a feasible project in terms of production capacity, new product types of the company and must be located in the tea industry planning area of the Region. Enterprises that renovate, upgrade and change the production process of new products must enjoy preferential loan regulations.

- Allow the establishment of tea auction floors in two major centers of the country, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; Clearly stipulate the organization of pesticide residue testing in raw tea and finished tea before putting it on sale; Train staff in concentrated tea production areas on the safe use of pesticides for tea products.

- The government needs to supplement the state budget for public investment and public services to improve infrastructure for tea production areas.

- Issue unified standardization on tea gardens, processing factories, domestic and export products, to help exported tea products meet food safety and hygiene quality standards according to international market standards; Issue standardization on tea varieties, planted according to planned orientation.

2) For tea growing provinces in the Northeast region

- Organize zoning and planning of raw material areas for processing facilities, avoid competition within the industry, and eliminate competitiveness.

Strengthen the internal strength of the entire tea industry in the Region. First of all, plan the raw material areas for black tea factories. Green tea production areas, which are mainly households, need to plan processing workshops suitable for household and inter-household scale. Encourage farmers to establish service cooperatives to supply inputs and consume products.

- Implement policies to encourage and support the development of safe tea production and cultivation in the locality. Direct districts and communes to integrate and coordinate with projects and investment capital sources to develop infrastructure for concentrated tea areas.

- Directing the implementation of safe tea production processes, directing the review and construction of a system of primary tea seed gardens and nurseries; Directing the agricultural extension system to do a good job of training farmers in planting and intensively cultivating tea; Organizing the inspection of seedling quality to ensure standards according to regulations, inspecting compliance with regulations on the use of plant protection drugs on tea, strictly handling violators; Taking the lead in coordinating with sectors to inspect production conditions of tea processing facilities in the area, the People's Committees of the provinces have plans to rearrange the processing network, ensuring a balance between processing capacity and the ability to meet raw materials.

Based on Decision No. 107/2008/QD-TTg dated July 30, 2008 of the Prime Minister on a number of policies to support the production, processing and consumption of safe tea vegetables and fruits and Circular 59/2009/TT-BNN guiding the above Decision, provinces in the region need to develop projects to support safe tea production in the area.

3) For forms of tea production organization

In order to develop sustainably, state-owned enterprises and joint stock companies producing and trading tea need to proactively sign contracts with tea growers, especially attracting unaffiliated tea growers.

When building an economic contract, it is necessary to clarify the binding terms of each party's responsibilities. For example, for businesses, advance investment in seeds, input materials, and transfer of new science and technology into production; for tea growers, raw tea must be sold to businesses, the raw tea must meet the standards set by the business, prices are adjusted according to market prices, and there are specific sanctions when the parties violate the contract.

Cooperative form: for cooperatives, it is necessary to focus on doing things that a tea growing household or a group of households can hardly do, such as signing contracts with factories supplying raw materials for tea production, with research centers, institutes, and universities to obtain new scientific and technical advances applied to tea production. Actively seek markets for products for cooperative members. To do these things, the cooperative's board of directors needs to improve its management capacity, always considering collective interests above personal interests.

Farm form: farm owners must proactively expand production scale, increase business knowledge and management in production. Can proactively participate in the market network to consume their own products, gradually participating in the export market.

Household tea growers: must have obligations and responsibilities for tea products supplied to the market, ensuring the correct intensive technical process as instructed by technical staff; Households need to see the dangers to land and water resources, the unbalanced use of chemical fertilizers, and the improper use of pesticides in tea production will affect the health of their own families. Tea growers need to improve their knowledge of sustainable development and environmental protection by applying safe tea production methods, clean tea, organic tea, and limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in tea production.

LIST OF AUTHOR'S WORKS

I. Articles published in domestic magazines

1. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2011), "Solutions for sustainable development of territorial organization forms for tea production in the Northeast region", Journal of Environmental Economics, No. 09, May 2011.

2. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2010), "Sustainable development direction of the Northeast tea region", Finance and Investment Magazine , No. 11 (64), 2010.

3. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2010), "Organizing tea production territory towards sustainable development in the Northeast region", New Rural Magazine , No. 281, issue 1, November 2010.

4. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2010), “Analysis of tea value chain in Thai Nguyen province to enhance product value towards sustainable development”, New Rural Magazine, No. 268, issue 1, April 2010.

5. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2009), “Solutions for production and consumption of Thai Nguyen tea products towards sustainable development”, Journal of Science and Technology, Thai Nguyen University, vol. 60, no. 12/1, 2009.

6. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2007), “Improving productivity and quality of tea products towards sustainable development in Thai Nguyen province”, Journal of Environmental Economics, No. 1/2007.

7. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2007), “Analysis of factors affecting productivity and quality of tea products in Thai Nguyen province”, Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development , No. 103, Issue 1, March 2007.

II. Scientific research topics

1. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2010), Production and consumption of tea products towards sustainable development in Thai Nguyen province, ministerial-level scientific research project, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen.

III. Textbooks

1. Ta Thi Thanh Huyen (2010), Environmental Economics Textbook , Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.

REFERENCES

I. VIETNAMESE DOCUMENTS

1. Nguyen Thi Binh (2008), Lecture, Economic Geography of Vietnam , Faculty of Economics, University of Economics and Business Administration - Thai Nguyen.

2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2009), Report on current production status and some measures to improve quality and food safety in tea production in northern provinces , Hanoi.

3. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2009), Project to review and adjust the national tea development plan to 2015, vision to 2020, Hanoi.

4. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2008), Decision No. 99/2008/QD-BNN dated October 15, 2008 on regulations on management of production and trading of safe vegetables, fruits and tea, Hanoi.

5. Development of Rural Human Resources in Southeast Asia (DHRRA) and Vietnam Farmers' Union (VNFU) (2009), Project to Connect Smallholder Farmers to the Market , Hanoi.

6. Le Trong Cuc (2007), Sustainable development of the midlands and mountainous areas of the Northeast of Vietnam, Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, No. 4/2007, Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development Studies - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.

7. Department of Processing, Trade of Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries and Salt Products (2009), Report on the situation of tea processing, Hanoi.

8. Pham Van Dinh (1998), Methods of analyzing agricultural products, Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi.

9. Tran Van Dung (2010), Textbook of Statistical Principles, Thai Nguyen University, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi.

10. Tran Van Gia (2009), Vietnamese tea: challenges and solutions , Report at the closing conference of the Vietnam Tea Association, Hanoi.

11. Le Thu Hoa (2007), Regional economy in Vietnam - From theory to practice , Labor - Social Publishing House.