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The struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the 30 years of the liberation war 1945 - 1975 - 1


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES


INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION

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NGUYEN THI MONG TUYEN

The struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the 30 years of the liberation war 1945 - 1975 - 1


STRUGGLE MOVEMENT

OF THU DAU MOT RUBBER WORKERS DURING 30 YEARS OF LIBERATION WAR (1945 - 1975)

DOCTORAL THESIS IN HISTORICAL SCIENCE


Specialized:


Modern and contemporary history of Vietnam


Code: 62 22 54 05

Scientific guidance team:


Associate Professor, Dr. Vo Van Sen Associate Professor, Dr. Ho Son Dai


HO CHI MINH CITY – 2009


INTRODUCTION

0.1. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC – PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

Thu Dau Mot rubber workers are a part of the Vietnamese working class. In the history of the thirty-year war of national liberation and class liberation from 1945 to 1975, rubber workers in Thu Dau Mot were a political force, one of the "main forces" of the local revolutionary movement. The struggle movement of rubber workers here took place early, fiercely, for a long time and was known to the world. Their class struggles and national struggles will forever go down in the glorious history of our nation.

During the thirty years of war from 1945 to 1975, every development of the Thu Dau Mot rubber workers' movement had an impact on the rubber workers' movement throughout the country. Studying the struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers from 1945 to 1975 is to study a part of the Southern rubber workers' movement, thereby clarifying their characteristics, position, achievements and roles in the two periods of resistance against the French and the Americans.

During the revolutionary struggle, under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Thu Dau Mot rubber workers grew up day by day, especially in their steadfastness in social awareness, class consciousness, and revolutionary consciousness.

Nowadays, in the cause of building and defending the country, the rubber workers in the former Thu Dau Mot province, now belonging to the two provinces of Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc, are one of the forces that always take the lead in building the local economy, politics, culture and society.

Lenin - the great leader of the world working class pointed out: "For the enlightened worker, there is no more important task than the task of understanding the movement of his own class, understanding the nature, purpose, tasks, conditions and practical forms of activity of that movement"[75;12].

We chose the topic " The struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the 30 years of liberation war from 1945 to 1975 " for research, in order to demonstrate the role and influence of the rubber workers in the 30-year resistance war. History of formation and development of rubber plantations in Thu Dau Mot

The past is the history of struggle, labor and production of the rubber workers living on this land. In each period, with their strength, courage and sacrifice, they conquered nature, fought against foreign invaders, fought against oppression and exploitation... to protect and build the country. They are the respected predecessors and descendants, who contributed greatly to defeating the French and the Americans. Throughout the historical periods, the rubber workers in this country continued the tradition of their ancestors, bringing their intelligence and efforts to create a spirit for a dynamic and sustainably developing land.

This research also aims to summarize the achievements of the rubber workers in the old Thu Dau Mot; record their contributions to the resistance war of the South, of the whole country in this historical period. At the same time, summarize and draw some characteristics, experiences and historical lessons for the cause of industrialization and modernization in the locality today; provide materials for traditional history education for the younger generation; contribute to remembering and showing gratitude to the previous generation, so that today's workers can do well the glorious task of succeeding, which is to strive to enrich the country and protect the achievements of the revolution.

0.2. HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM

The topic "the struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the 30 years of liberation war from 1945 to 1975" is a big issue, which has been the research interest of many individuals and agencies at home and abroad.

Previously, there have been many research works and articles about Thu Dau Mot rubber workers from many different perspectives.

Before 1954, there were a number of French books and newspapers such as: Economie agricole de L'Indochine, Hanoi 1932 by Yves Henry, Problèmes du travail en Indochine. Bureau international du travail, Genève 1937 by Goudal..., newspapers: Echo Annamite, La volonté indochinoise, Climats... and a number of Vietnamese newspapers such as Tiếng Dân, Phụ Nữ Tân Văn... mentioning the rubber worker recruitment regime, the French colonialist's ruling policy, the living conditions of rubber workers, and some struggles of rubber workers in the plantations of the South.

After 1954, research works on the Vietnamese working class in the country must first mention the book " History of the Vietnamese working class" (Su That Publishing House - Hanoi, 1958) by Professor Tran Van Giau. This is an in-depth research work on the formation and development process of the Vietnamese working class. This work has great value not only for the working class but also for the history of the nation, the history of the Party and the history of Vietnamese ideology. In this book, the author clearly pointed out the connection between theory and practice, Marxism-Leninism is the spiritual strength, the scientific theory of the proletarian revolution of the working class; The book " White blood, red blood " published by Lao Dong Moi Publishing House - Saigon 1963 by Diep Lien Anh, reflects some features of the living and working conditions of rubber workers under the oppression and exploitation of colonialism, capitalism and feudalism; The book “ Phu Rieng Do ” (Lao Dong Publishing House, Hanoi 1965) by Tran Tu Binh. Tran Tu Binh, a key revolutionary rubber worker, described the situation of rubber workers at Phu Rieng plantation, the workers’ protests in the first months of living and working on the plantation, and their acts of fighting to the death with the owners to gain practical benefits; The Modern History Department, Institute of History published the work on “ Some issues on the history of the Vietnamese working class ” (Lao Dong Publishing House, Hanoi 1974); “The Vietnamese working class and the worker-peasant alliance ” (Su That Publishing House - Hanoi 1976) by Le Duan; “ The Vietnamese working class before the founding of the Party ” (Social Sciences Publishing House - Hanoi 1978) by Ngo Van Hoa, Duong Kinh Quoc… These research works contribute to reflecting some aspects of the life and circumstances of rubber workers under the ruling policies and oppression and exploitation of capitalists, colonialists and feudalists in the Southeast in general and in Thu Dau Mot in particular. These research works are valuable sources of documents, which have opened up for us a special perspective on the workers' struggle movement.

After 1975, due to the need for traditional education for rubber workers, revolutionary veterans recorded memoirs, initially gathering events about the revolutionary struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers in particular and the Southeast region in general, such as the book " Red Land of the East " by Le Sac Nghi - Dong Nai Rubber Company published in 1980; the book " Revolutionary Struggle Movement of Rubber Workers in the Southeast Region " (Labor Publishing House, Hanoi 1982) by Thanh Nam. These works have

Recreating the struggle movement of rubber workers in the Southeast region that took place vigorously in the general struggle movement of the working class and people throughout the country during the two periods of resistance against the French and the American invaders. These works have helped us to shape quite accurately a part of the economic, social and cultural life and the form of struggle of rubber workers.

In recent years, under the direction of the Standing Committee of Song Be Provincial Party Committee, many historical research works on the tradition of rubber workers in the locality have been published, such as the book " 70 years of history of Dau Tieng rubber workers" (Song Be General Publishing House, 1990) by Le Van Khoa, " Dong Phu Rubber Company: traditional construction and development (1927-1995) " by the Party Committee and the Board of Directors of the company, published by the Song Be Department of Culture and Information in 1996. These publications were published from the collection of information, historical documents and stories of local historical witnesses to portray the image of a thoroughly revolutionary team of workers, who, in difficult circumstances, persevered in fighting and winning. From these publications, we have actual historical documents on the organizational structure of workers and the struggles of rubber workers in the locality.

There are also a number of books written about the traditional history of the locality - areas related to the rubber workers' movement such as " Revolutionary struggle tradition of the army and people of Binh Long District " edited by Professor Huynh Lua (published by the Department of Culture and Information of Song Be, April 1988); " Song Be history of the 30-year people's war (1945-1975) " (Song Be General Publishing House, 1990) edited by Cao Hung... In 1993, the Vietnam Rubber Industry Union published a fairly comprehensive research work on the revolutionary struggle movement of the Vietnamese rubber workers through historical periods: " History of the Vietnamese rubber workers' movement (1906-1990) " edited by Professor Huynh Lua. In January 2000, the Ho Chi Minh City Agriculture Publishing House published the book " 100 years of rubber in Vietnam " by Dang Van Vinh. This is a large research work with rich and profound content. The author writes about the history of the potential and development of natural rubber trees in Vietnam, about Vietnamese rubber workers in the two resistance wars against France and the US. Studying this source of documents, we have basically grasped the characteristics of the geographical environment, the process of forming the rubber workers, the changes in the composition of workers, economic activities, and activities of fighting for class interests and national interests.

However, research on the rubber workers' struggle movement in Thu Dau Mot province from 1945 to 1975 is still limited and scattered. There has not been any research project that has delved into the overall picture of the developments of all aspects of the struggle, the characteristics and historical experiences of the Thu Dau Mot rubber workers' movement during the two consecutive periods of resistance against the French and the Americans from 1945 to 1975. Inheriting the above scientific research achievements, the thesis has the basis to continue to systematically and comprehensively research the resistance against the French and the Americans of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers from 1945 to 1975.

0.3. OBJECTS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH

The research object of the thesis focuses on the struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the two periods of resistance against France and the US from 1945 to 1975. The basic research issues are the birth of the first rubber workers in Thu Dau Mot, the conditions, developments, forms of struggle, characteristics and historical experiences of the Thu Dau Mot rubber workers movement from 1945 to 1975.

The scope of the thesis, in terms of time, is limited from 1945 to 1975. The issues presented in the thesis are arranged according to the historical development process, showing continuity from 1945 to 1975, with their own characteristics, typically: Rubber workers, in addition to resolving class conflicts through the revolution led by the Party to abolish the oppressive and exploitative regime, also played an indispensable role in the history of the Vietnamese people's struggle against invasion. However, due to the inheritance of history and in order to clarify the 30 years of arduous struggle of rubber workers, the thesis has expanded the analysis of a number of key issues related to the formation and development of rubber plantations, the birth of the rubber workers and the rubber workers' struggle movement before the August Revolution of 1945.

In terms of space, the thesis limits the scope of research to rubber plantations in the old Thu Dau Mot province. For many reasons, the administrative boundaries of Thu Dau Mot province have changed many times over historical periods. According to researcher Nguyen Dinh Dau, in the book " Summary of research on land registers of the Southern Luc Tinh ", Publishing House of Hoa

Ho Chi Minh, 1994: In 1945, Thu Dau Mot province consisted of 7 districts (from 1947 called districts): Thu Dau Mot, Lai Thieu, Ben Cat, Dau Tieng, Hon Quan, Song Be, Bu Dop; from 1955 to 1975, the old Thu Dau Mot area was separated to establish new provinces such as Binh Duong, Phuoc Thanh, Binh Long, Phuoc Long, then Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc. However, the organization of rubber plantations in the new area such as Phuoc Hoa, Dau Tieng, Thuan Loi, Loc Ninh, Quan Loi... remained unchanged. Therefore, for convenience, we use the name Thu Dau Mot (the name of the province in 1945) to refer to the entire area mentioned above.

Currently, according to the administrative division, under the management of the rubber industry, and the management of provincial leaders, rubber companies in Binh Duong province currently include: Phuoc Hoa Rubber Company, Dau Tieng Rubber Company, Rubber Research Institute; Binh Phuoc province has: Phu Rieng Rubber Company, Dong Phu Rubber Company, Loc Ninh Rubber Company, Binh Long Rubber Company.

0.4. RESEARCH METHODS AND MATERIAL SOURCES

0.4.1. Research method:

Inheriting previous research works, based on the methodological system of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought, we use the historical method combined with the logical method for research, and at the same time combine with other interdisciplinary research methods such as statistics, synthesis, analysis, comparison, witness interviews and field surveys of rubber areas.

0.4.2. Source of documents:

The sources of documents exploited and used to conduct this thesis include:

- Theoretical works of Marxism-Leninism, of President Ho Chi Minh and Party and State leaders on the working class, on the Party's military line and ideology to clarify the arguments and research issues in the thesis.

- Historical research works related to the topic published in books, newspapers, magazines... are being archived at the National Archives Center II, the Social Sciences & Humanities Library of Ho Chi Minh City, the General Library of Ho Chi Minh City, the Rubber Research Institute, the Binh Duong Provincial Labor Federation, the Binh Duong Provincial Library...

- Situation reports and annual summary documents of the South; of the Southern Trade Union Federation; of Zone 7 and the Eastern Inter-zone; and the Resistance Committee.

provincial military administration, Thu Dau Mot and Thu Bien provincial military command. These documents are stored at the Science - Technology and Environment Department of Military Region 7, Military Command of Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc provinces.

- Minutes of conferences, memoirs, testimonies of historical witnesses, war summary documents kept at the History Department of the Military Command and the Party History Department of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee of Binh Duong and Binh Phuoc provinces; field survey documents and interviews with living witnesses at Phuoc Hoa Rubber Company, Dau Tieng Rubber Company, Binh Long Rubber Company, etc.

In addition, we also research and exploit sources of documents in local historical works and French works about the war in Vietnam and Indochina.

0.5. THESIS STRUCTURE

In addition to the Introduction, Table of Contents, References and Appendices, the thesis has the following main contents:

* Chapter 1 : Thu Dau Mot rubber workers before the August Revolution in 1945.

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the history of the formation of the land and people of Thu Dau Mot; the establishment and development of rubber plantations; the formation and composition of the Thu Dau Mot rubber workers; and the struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber plantation workers before 1945.

* Chapter 2 : The struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers in the resistance war against French colonialism from 1945 to 1954.

The content of this chapter focuses on presenting the activities of the resistance against the French of rubber workers in Thu Dau Mot in particular and the Southeast battlefield in general. Their achievements during this period were to build an independent life with the local people and preserve the new government. The time of being the owner of the factory garden was not long but it was the prospect of the resistance. During this historical period, the rubber workers of Thu Dau Mot performed their duties and roles well and contributed worthily to the cause of class liberation and national liberation.

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