plow | ||||||
Pig | 30,000 | 2,000 | - | 28,000 | Are not | 2,200$ 100kg |
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Place name Thu Dau Mot: formation process, significance and historical values 1900 - 1956 - 1 -
Factors affecting the effectiveness of internal control system at Thu Dau Mot University - 17 -
The struggle movement of Thu Dau Mot rubber workers during the 30 years of the liberation war 1945 - 1975 - 1 -
The Formation and Development Process of Water Transport Joint Stock Company No. 4. -
Overview of the Formation and Development Process of Vietcombank
Table 1.4. Livestock statistics table of Thu Dau Mot province in 1956 [93;20].
As for fisheries, during the resistance war, the security situation was unstable, many sections of the Saigon River were blocked, so the amount of fish caught was not enough to meet the needs of the province. Every year, about 400 tons of marine fish from Vung Tau, freshwater fish from the West and dried fish had to be imported. Therefore, the government launched a movement to dig ponds to raise fish. At that time, the province had two fish breeding centers in Hung Dinh commune (Lai Thieu district). Thanks to the stable water supply all year round and many available canals from fruit gardens, farmers often raised carp, catfish, and snakehead fish, etc. In general, in the field of animal husbandry, Thu Dau Mot province established many animal husbandry farms and also trained agricultural and forestry cadres, such as in Ben Cat, there were animal husbandry farms and an agricultural and forestry school to train forest rangers (Contolleur Forestier) and agricultural cadres. Sericulture produced quite good samples, which were exhibited at the regional agricultural competition on May 26, 1895 [28; ].
1.1.4.2. Handicraft
In Thu Dau Mot, the economic situation has developed steadily thanks to favorable natural conditions and not far from Saigon, meeting the supply and demand needs of the economy. Although there are advantages, there are also many difficulties due to the serious impact of the political security situation in Thu Dau Mot. However, many positive results have been achieved. Some industries and technologies developed during this period are:
- Pottery kilns: concentrated in Lai Thieu and Chau Thanh with 56 kilns including 28 kilns with more than 10 workers and 28 kilns with less than 10 workers, with a total of over 500 workers in the kilns, producing 100 pots, 30 jars and 1,600 cups per day. Pottery in
Thu Dau Mot not only satisfies most of the needs in the province but also sells in Saigon - Cho Lon and has many famous establishments exporting to foreign countries.
- Lacquer industry: is a special industry, the reason why it appeared early and developed strongly in Thu Dau Mot is due to the following factors: Thu Dau Mot is a land with a lot of wood and many workers specializing in woodwork, mother-of-pearl carving; the Fine Arts School was established in 1901 and taught about lacquer and woodwork; Thu Dau Mot had many people studying at the Hanoi Fine Arts College, returning to their hometown to teach and work in lacquer. According to statistics in 1956, the lacquer farm at that time was concentrated in Chau Thanh district, with 7 workshops having more than 10 workers and 3 workshops having less than 10 workers, the number of people working in the lacquer industry was about 100 people.
- Rice mills: concentrated in Chau Thanh district (1 factory), Lai Thieu (5 factories), Ben Cat (4 factories), Dau Tieng (3 factories), Hon Quan (2 factories), each factory has more than 10 workers. Each day, a factory produces from 1 to 10 tons with a total of 190 workers in the industry.
- Brick kilns: Most brick kilns have more than 10 workers, only one brick factory in Ben Cat has less than 10 workers, the rest have more than 10 workers with a total of 120 workers in the industry, of which: Chau Thanh has 3 kilns, Ben Cat has 3 kilns, Dau Tieng has 3 kilns, Hon Quang has 2 kilns.
- Sawmills: divided into 2 types: chainsaw farms and hand saw farms. For chainsaw farms, each farm saws an average of 15 m3 per day. The whole province has 17 chainsaw farms concentrated in 5 districts, including: Chau Thanh (10 farms), Hon Quan (3 farms), Lai Thieu (2 farms), Ben Cat (1 farm), Dau Tieng (2 farms). There are 11 hand sawmills, distributed in Chau Thanh (6 farms), Ben Cat (3 farms), Hon Quan (2 farms).
- Sugar mills: concentrated in 2 main districts: Chau Thanh (Ben The, My Dinh) and Lai Thieu (Vinh Phu, Phu Long, An Son) because most of the sugarcane is grown in these 2 districts, there are 21 mills in total, of which 11 mills have more than 10 workers and 10 employees.
The factory has less than 10 workers. The sugar industry brings an important benefit to the province thanks to the sugarcane gardens along the Saigon River scattered from South to North.
1.1.4.3. Commerce
Despite the impact and damage of the war, Thu Dau Mot is still a province with many economic sectors and the trade exchange process is more vibrant than anywhere else. Goods are regularly exported to neighboring provinces and even to foreign countries such as: rubber, ceramics, wooden products, peanut oil, rubber oil, sugar, tobacco, fruits, crops, etc. Meanwhile, the goods that the province must import to meet the living needs of the people are: rice, salt, white sugar, milk, fuel, etc.
The reason why commerce in Thu Dau Mot develops is largely due to the relatively developed transportation system. First of all, there is a long road system, the national highway alone is 264,688 kilometers long, the inter-provincial road system is 277,126 kilometers long, there are many rural roads and roads within the province, although some places are still dirt roads and red stone roads. From Thu Dau Mot, go in the following directions: Thu Dau Mot - Saigon; Thu Dau Mot - Loc Ninh; Thu Dau Mot - Dau Tieng. The waterway and railway traffic systems also contribute significantly to the development of commerce in the province. In particular, the waterway route: Saigon - Thu Dau Mot - Dau Tieng is 90 kilometers long; the route Thu Dau Mot - Ben Cat - Rach Thi Tinh is 25 kilometers long. The railway route passes through: from Saigon - Thu Dau Mot - Loc Ninh, the construction section is 135km long, passing through the province is 120km long, very convenient for transporting rubber from the North of Thu Dau Mot to Saigon along with other forest products.
Regarding the commercial situation in the province, the list of famous traders:
Chau Thanh District
Le Quan Quan | Western medicine. |
Tran Tan | Western medicine. |
Tran Thi Lien | Jewelry. |
Phan Thy | Jewelry. |
Hiep Thanh | Jewelry. |
Three Bright
Jewelry. | |
Tin Thanh | Jewelry. |
Minh Duc | Jewelry. |
Tri Phat | Auto parts. |
Tran Phuoi | Radio, bicycle. |
Four Seas | Ice cream tree. |
Thanh Le | Lacquer. |
Tran Ha | Lacquer. |
Gianh River | Lacquer. |
Phat Anh | Lacquer. |
Dau Tieng District | |
Doan Van Lieu | Chainsaw and jewelry farm. |
Vu Van Thanh | Ice cream tree. |
Tran Thi Lai | Chainsaw farm. |
Nguyen Van Ly | Silk industry. |
Tran Van Quan | Rice mill. |
By general law, there is competition in every industry, and consumers can buy goods at reasonable prices. Moreover, large merchants in the provinces are rare and are strictly controlled by the government, so there is no hoarding and speculation to oppress the people.
There are 10 big markets in the province:
Phu Cuong Market
Chau Thanh District. | |
Tan Hoa Market (Phuoc) Khanh | |
Tuong Binh Hiep Market | |
Tan Thoi Market | Lai Thieu District. |
An Thanh Market | |
My Phuoc Market | Ben Cat District. |
Ben Suc Market | |
Dinh Thanh Market | Dau Tieng District. |
Tan Lap Phu Market
Hon Quan District. |
Loc Ninh Market |
Among them is Phu Cuong market, the provincial capital town. The province is studying to rebuild Tan Phuoc Khanh market to make it more beautiful and to develop the economy of this region. On the other hand, in order to expand trade, the province has proposed the following 3 ways: increase local production; expand traffic routes; attract tourists to the province. It is important that Thu Dau Mot province establish agricultural, forestry, fruit, and sugar cooperatives. Furthermore, it is necessary to open the Saigon Chau Doc road, through Dong Thap Muoi, passing through Bac Chien hill (Moc Hoa). Encourage tourism in the province by repairing roads to scenic spots, repairing Chau Thanh to make it more hygienic, encourage the expansion of restaurants, hotels, etc. Because Thu Dau Mot is known as the most "garden province" in the South. The people of the city, Saigon, most of whom are Europeans, love to come here to rest, visit, and eat specialties, etc., so upgrading the road is necessary.
1.2. Cultural and social characteristics
1.2.1. Population
According to Grammont, the first district chief in Thu Dau Mot (1861) in the book "Onze fmois de Sous prefecture en Basse Cochinchine", the population of each commune in Thu Dau Mot was estimated to be from 1,000 to 1,500 people. The local population change through the changes of boundaries, specifically: In 1861 (the year the French occupied Thu Dau Mot), this province had 51 communes in Binh An district, Phuoc Long prefecture, the old Bien Hoa province and 10 communes in Binh Long district, Tay Ninh prefecture, Gia Dinh province with an estimated population of 60,000 to 90,000 people. The population size of Thu Dau Mot province reflects the economic, political and social situation in each period. In the first 15 years (1910 - 1925), the population increased from 110,827 to 126,730 people, but then "due to the impact of the world economic crisis that negatively impacted the province's economy", the province's population decreased slightly in the years 1932, 1933, 1943. Specifically, in 1931, there were 177,259 people, down to 172,042 people. (1932), 159,425 people (1933), 146,600 people (1943) [91;146]. According to statistical documents of the Geographical Records - Thua Thien Hue Province
Dau Mot reported in March 1956 that the province had a population of 179,674 people. Due to its special geographical location, Thu Dau Mot province has many different ethnicities. Besides the Vietnamese, there are also Chinese, Khmer, and French people.
Man | Woman | Total | Number of birth year 1955 | Death toll in 1955 | Number of migrants next | |
Vietnamese Male | 79,145 | 92,121 | 171,266 | 5,896 | 2,029 | 12,260 |
Flower Kieu | 3,723 | 3,962 | 7,658 | 353 | 162 | 200 |
Cambodia | 290 | 370 | 660 | 3 | 4 | - |
France Kieu | 68 | 22 | 90 | 3 | 1 | - |
Table 1.5. Population statistics of Thu Dau Mot province in 1956 [93;5].
1.2.2. Customs - beliefs - religions
Like other lands in the Southeast, the issue of beliefs in Thu Dau Mot is free, all religions are very developed. That is the belief in worshiping Thanh Hoang Bon Canh of Vietnamese residents from Thuan Quang area, born from the early days of village establishment and still exists today. The belief in worshiping Goddesses (Ngu Hanh Nuong Nuong, Chua Xu Thanh Mau). People who do traditional crafts worship the ancestors of their professions: carpentry, pottery, lacquer, the belief in worshiping Than Nong. The luggage that Vietnamese people brought from the North to Binh Duong in the early 20th century was the belief in worshiping Tam Phu, Tu Phu. Many large families still preserve the worship of their ancestors. In addition, in the communal house yard, there is also a form of fetishism: worshiping tigers, dragons, and river gods, which are the marks of the time of opening up the land [91;146].
The ancient customs are still preserved and promoted by the people. According to tradition, every year on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Vietnamese of Chinese origin organize a solemn ceremony called the Thien Hau Palanquin Ceremony and until now the ceremony is still held every year, gathering many visitors from all over the world on the festival day. The procession of people attending the ceremony moves around Thu Dau Mot city in the afternoon, called
Cao Ke procession. People set up an altar in front of their house to welcome him with fireworks mixed with the sound of gongs and drums of lion and Tieu troupes from other capitals. The scene was very noisy and bustling, especially only in Thu Dau Mot - Binh Duong. Religious activities here were considered essential spiritual activities for the people. During this period, the following religions existed in Thu Dau Mot:
- Buddhism: developed very early, with the appearance of virtuous and famous monks such as Venerable Tu Van (Southern Buddhist Patriarch 1920), Zen Master Dai Ngan, Zen Master Gia Tien, etc. The relationship between believers and the temple as well as between monks was not close, the main religious activities were often limited to praying for peace and salvation on full moon and new moon days or on Buddhist holidays and festivals. In reality, the majority of people who considered themselves descendants of Buddha rarely went to the temple to worship. They also did not take refuge in the Three Jewels and did not understand the Buddhist scriptures clearly. Buddhism during this period was divided into many different branches: Pure Land Buddhism, Southern Vietnamese Buddhism, Luc Hoa Tang, Buu Son Ky Huong, Zen Buddhism, etc. After the 1963 revolution, these sects merged under the name of Unified Vietnamese Buddhism. Almost every village had a pagoda and there were many famous pagodas with massive architecture during this period such as Hoi Khanh, Tay Tang, Thien Duc (Chau Thanh) pagodas, but later they were all destroyed by war. After a period of being controlled and restricted by French colonialists, in the 1920s, the Buddhist revival movement broke out in the South. In particular, Hoi Khanh pagoda was the center of Buddhist revival in the entire Southeast region. In the years 1923 - 1926, the pagoda established the "Honor Association" with the participation of Venerable Tu Van, Vice-Chancellor Nguyen Sinh Sac, Mr. Tu Cuc, ... with the aim of promoting a moral lifestyle, valuing honor and promoting patriotism, national spirit, which strongly impacted the awareness of the majority of Buddhists in Thu Dau Mot. Buddhist faith also spread with the birth of 13 Buddhist pagodas in Lai Thieu, An Thanh, An Son, Tan Phuoc Khanh, Phuoc Hoa, Binh Chuan, Uyen Hung,...[86 ; 81].
- Catholicism: is the religion with the second largest number of followers in the locality after Buddhism. This religion was present in Thu Dau Mot long before the French.
conquered Thu Dau Mot (1861). In 1845, priest Le Fevre returned to Saigon and settled in Lai Thieu. The Catholic village of Hung Dinh was burned down in 1861. Thus, Catholicism had appeared in Thu Dau Mot province before 1845 and the areas with the first Catholic followers were Hung Dinh, Bung, Lai Thieu, ... as well as other religions, in the early stages under the Nguyen Dynasty, the missionary work encountered many difficulties, but after the French conquered Thu Dau Mot, this religion had the conditions to develop rapidly. Therefore, churches in Lai Thieu, Bung, Phu Cuong, Dau Tieng were built. In 1936, Thu Dau Mot province had about 13,799 parishioners. In 1940, the solid Phu Cuong church was built and by 1945, the whole Thu Dau Mot province had 11 parishes [19;218]. The introduction and development of Catholicism enriches the spiritual life of the residents: " With a strict doctrinal system, rich in humanity, love for fellow human beings, and often helping people in times of trouble and difficulty. So in just a short time, Catholicism quickly attracted a large number of followers and left its mark on religious beliefs in Binh Duong land " [19;217]. In Thu Dau Mot, "On January 12, 1966, Phu Cuong diocese was established, governed by Bishop Giuse Pham Van Thien, including Catholics from 4 provinces: Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Binh Long and Phuoc Long, divided into 6 districts: Phu Cuong, Lac An, Tha La, Binh Long, Tay Ninh and Phuoc Thanh" [82;20].
- Cao Dai religion: in Thu Dau Mot, Cao Dai religion, also known as Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do, was born in 1926 and quickly spread throughout Thu Dau Mot, belonging to many sects such as: Tay Ninh Holy See, Chơn Lý sect, Unified Cao Dai sect, Tien Thien sect. Of which, Tay Ninh Holy See sect has the majority of followers, worshiping Thien Nhan. The temple of this sect in Thu Dau Mot is located at Phu Van intersection (Phu Cuong) along National Highway 13, built in 1948 according to the shortened model of Tay Ninh Holy See. Chơn Lý sect belongs to Dinh Tuong Holy See, established in Thu Dau Mot in 1938, managed by the first master, whose religious name is Thuong Nhong Thanh. Tien Thien sect has Bong Lai temple located in Lai Thieu, practicing Taoism. Unified Cao Dai sect has a temple located in the middle of Phu Long commune, Vinh Phu. "Cao Dai is an indigenous religion with the convergence of elements